Guidelines for an Employment and Labour Market Analysis (ELMA) (original) (raw)

The German federal employment program for regions with special employment problems

Regional Science and Urban Economics, 1982

A special labor-market program to support regions with high unemployment was introduced in the Federal Republic of Germany in the summer of 1979. The program is evaluated through analyses of the dete~in~ts of the take-up rate and estimates of the impact on the u!lemployment rate using Box-Jenkins analysis. Evaluation of the program indicates some success with respect to training and public works creation, but also some serious shortcomings in design and implementation.

CREATING QUALITY EMPLOYMENT IN GERMANY-INSTITUTIONS, POLICIES AND POLITICAL ECONOMY

Germany is one of the most successful countries in the world in creating quality employment. This papers looks at the country´s fundamentals as well as some key institutions and policies which lie behind this success. It also examines the political economy which undergirds both institutions and policies. It argues that the principles of cooperation, solidarity and subsidiarity are key to Germany´s success.

Employment in Germany 1984 to 2019: Between stability and change

Academia Letters, 2022

The economic system is one of the functional systems of modern societies (Runkel/Burkart 2005). The system of employment links individual actors (as employed persons) to the economic system (Schramm 1992). It forms a social interface between business and education (vocational qualifications), politics (industrial relations), law (individual and collective law), etc. It also forms an interface between the basic elements of society: action systems (personal and social systems), social structure and social semantics (culture and knowledge), living environments (working world). The world of work is a place of shared experiences of the actors, of individual and collective socialization as well as the reproduction of social structure and semantics. The (segmented) labour market distributes not only roles and positions in the employment system, but also social opportunities and risks (Schlese/Schramm 1994). In this article, the employment system is described over time with the help of data from the SocioEconomic Panel (Schramm 1999). The SocioEconomic Panel (SOEP) is one of the largest and longest-running multidisciplinary household surveys worldwide. Every year, approximately 30,000 people in 15,000 households are interviewed for the SOEP study. The SOEP is also a research-driven infrastructure based at DIW Berlin (https://www.diw.de/en/ diw_01.c.392080.en/mission.html). The change in the German employment system over time can be described with a few important indicators: employable and active persons in relation to the resident population, forms of employment, required skills in the workplace, level of employment (by gender) and stability of employment. The design of the SOEP is extensively presented on the Internet. As a method for answering the research question, the descriptive presentation of extrapolated case numbers was chosen. The limits of research lie firstly in the collection of the sample and the quality of the extrapolation. In addition, panel effects cannot be ruled out. Secondly, these are statements by those affected, which does not exclude

Agenda 2020: Strategies to Achieve Full Employment in Germany

2010

Agenda 2020: Strategies to Achieve Full Employment in Germany This strategy paper by the Institute for the Study of Labor (IZA) shows ways in which Germany once more can attain full employment in the coming decade. Much of what the previous government's "Agenda 2010" has put into motion has clearly steered labor market development in the right direction. The reforms are one of the main reasons why Germany has been more resistant to the recent financial and economic crisis than other countries. While these achievements should not be called into question, further action is necessary. The IZA concept includes the following elements: (1) Education reform: Early childhood education must be improved. Social background should no longer determine future career prospects. More independence and competition between schools and universities would improve the quality of education. Selection of students into different secondary school tracks should occur at a higher age. The dual system of apprenticeship training could be shortened. College tuition fees could be replaced by a graduate tax. (2) Welfare state reform: A consistent implementation of the principle of reciprocity would create additional employment incentives and make working for a living worthwhile again even for the low-skilled. Workfare is socially just and promotes independence rather than producing dependency. Child benefits should be granted primarily as vouchers. (3) Job placement reform: The problem groups of the labor market need one-stop support tailored to their individual needs as soon as they become unemployed. IZA proposes the creation of job centers that act independently from local and federal authorities in order to avoid the organizational maze of unclear responsibilities. (4) Immigration policy reform: Germany needs high-skilled immigrants to cope with demographic change and skilled labor shortages. A selection system for permanent immigrants and a market-based solution for temporary immigrants would substantially increase the economic benefits of immigration and create additional momentum for the realization of full employment.

Employment – European Strategic Objective

European Journal of Law and Public Administration, 2016

Employment provides a degree of independence and self-esteem, and helps each citizen to integrate into society. Thus, with increasing employment in Europe, the number of people who gain income will increase, we will find a greater social inclusion and less poverty. Achieving these objectives within the European Union depends on active and effective involvement of all Member States to participate in the realization of this strategy and to coordinate their policies in relation to it. A number of strategies are designed to assist Member States in coordination of employment policies. The Strategic Framework for Education and Training 2020, adjusted in each EU Member State, which proposes the implementation of lifelong learning and mobility, improving the quality and efficiency of education and training, promoting equity, social cohesion and active citizenship, enhancing creativity and innovation, including entrepreneurship at all levels of education and training plays a major role in achieving the aspirations of each EU member state and therefore of the Union.