Study on Field Evolution of Citrus Mealybug (Planococcus citri Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) Management in Finike County of Antalya, Turkey (original) (raw)
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Citrus Mealybug is a polyphagous pest that on citrus attacks mainly navel varieties. Cosmetic damage on fruit due to large citrus mealybug colonies and honeydew and sooty mold Capnodium spp., chlorotic spots, and rind hypertrophy, are commonly observed on fruits at harvest. This causes economic loss for the citriculture export industry in Spain. Treatment thresholds have been determined based on these injuries observed at harvest, and depending on looses the grower is ready to take up office. For instance, if 8 to 12% of fruits with symptoms were accepted, then treatment threshold would be 15 to 20% of attacked fruits. No injuries were observed when population on fruit during the season was under 5% of attacked fruits, so this would be the lower treatment threshold. A positive relationship was found between all the male flights and the population of P. citri on the fruits, so traps with pheromone detected the abundance of population, both for number of insects per fruit and percenta...
Egyptian Journal of Agricultural Research
The green lacewing, Chrysoperla carnea Steph (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) was successively released (with three levels), 5, 10 and 15 larvae/tree at late April, late May and late June 2006 and repeated in the same times during 2007 at Gharbia Governorate. During the first season (2006), the reduction percentages in the population of the citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) increased gradually with elapse of time. The achieved average reductions in mealybug population were 66.08, 82.75 and 98.66% at the end of July for the three releasing levels, respectively in the first year (2006). However, the same trend was achieved in the second season (2007) and reduction percentages were 56.14, 80.86 and 93.92%, respectively. Statistical analysis revealed differences in responses to the three successive releasing levels of C. carnea for management P. citri during 2006 an 2007 seasons that proved no significant among the two seasons. The present work has shown that C. carnea can use successfully as a biocontrol agent in an integrated program for controlling P. citri attacking citrus trees.
Egyptian Academic Journal of Biological Sciences. A, Entomology, 2010
The citrus mealy bug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is attacks many host plants including all orchard trees in Egypt. The aim of this work is to study the survey of host plants, geographical distribution and natural enemies of the citrus mealy bug, P.citri in Egypt as well as the biological studies of this pest on citrus, grape and guava. The results indicated that the citrus mealy bug infested 65 plant species belonging to 56 genera in 36 families and distributed in 20 governorates. Twelve species of parasitoids were collected and recorded one of them is new record. This is Leptomastix abnormis Girault (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae). Also nine species of predators recorded here attacked P.citri. The results also observed the host plants and temperatures greatly influenced on the development of P. citri. The lowering of the temperature increased the dimension of the mealy bug and lengthened the developmental period. The results on citrus, guava and grape showed that the life cycle of P. citri at 30 o C were 21.4±2.45, 32.6±2.44 and 38.8±1.56 days, respectively. These results indicated that P. citri preferes citrus followed by guava and grape.
Citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso) (Homoptera: Pseudococcidae), is a serious pest of citrus plants in Pakistan which cause considerable loss to citrus crop both in terms of quantity and quality. The present study was conducted to evaluate the toxic effect of different insecticides at different concentrations against P. citri. Leaf-dip bioassays were performed to assess the toxicity of a pyrethroid (Cypermethrin), an organophosphate plus pyrethroid (Polytrin-C), a neonicotinoid (Imidacloprid) and a synthetic IGR (Buprofezin), using 3rd instar female individuals of P. citri. Data regarding mortality of insects was recorded at 6, 12, 24 and 36 hrs post-treatment (HAT). Maximum mortality was observed in case of Polytrin-C (74.84%) followed by Buprofezin (65.15%) at 36 HAT, while Imidacloprid and cypermethrin were least effective. In case of different concentrations of each chemical, mean maximum mortality was observed at 4 ppm (67.61%) after 36 HAT. Study results suggest that Po...
2018
Citrus Mealybug Planococcus citri is an economically important pest species causing harm on citrus and some other plants. Biological control of the pest is gaining importance because of the problems caused by chemical control. In this study, effects of Beauveria bassiana, Paecilomyces fumosoroseus and Paecilomyces lilacinus against second instar larvae of mealybug were investigated. Healthy potato tubers were dipped into spore suspensions of the entomopathogens with 108 conidia/ml concentration and then infested with mealybugs. Potatoes were then kept in a climatic room with 25±1°C temperature and 60±5% humidity. Alive and dead mealybug individuals were determined 3, 5 and 7 days after applications and mortality rates were calculated. As a result, three entomopathogens caused different rates of mortality on the pest. B. bassiana isolate showed the highest effect and killed all pest individuals 5 days after the application. Mortality rates caused by P. fumosoroseus and P. lilacinus w...
Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi tarım ve doğa dergisi, 2023
The citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri (Risso, 1813) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the major pests of Citrus orchards in Turkey. Management of P. citri is quite challenging due to its cryptic and polyphagous feeding behavior. In the current study, the control potential of native entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) species (Heterorhabditis indica 216-H, H. bacteriophora FLH-4H, Steinernema carpocapsae E-76, S. feltiae KCS-4S, and S. bicornotum MGZ-4S) against P. citri was evaluated under laboratory conditions at different concentrations [80, 100, 150, 200 (Infective juveniles) IJs Adult-1 ] and temperatures (20, 25, 30 ºC). The mortality rates ranged between 16 and 58% at the highest concentration 48 hours after treatment. The highest efficacy (68%) was obtained by Heterorhabditis indica 216-H at the highest concentration at 25 ºC. The mortality rates were generally higher at 25 ºC than other temperatures tested and H. indica 216-H performed better than other EPN species tested at this temperature at all concentrations. The results indicate that H. indica 216-H have a great potential in the control of P. citri.
Journal of Helminthology, 2013
The citrus mealybug, Planococcus citri, is a highly destructive pest of citrus, occurring only in the aerial parts of plants. Humidity will be one of the key factors to consider when using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) as biological control agents. Different adjuvants can be added to suspensions of EPNs, to improve control as a foliar application. An aqueous suspension containing Heterorhabditis zealandica and 0.3% Zeba® significantly increased P.citri mortality by 22% at 80% relative humidity (RH) with a temperature cycle starting at 22°C for 14 h and 11°C for 11 h. The same polymer formulation was tested for Steinernema yirgalemense and mortality of P. citri increased by 21% at 60% RH and by 27% at 80% RH. The addition of Nu-Film-P® and Zeba® to H. zealandica suspensions did not significantly retard application run-off on citrus leaves. The combination of Nu-Film-P® and Zeba®, however, was able to significantly retard sedimentation, increasing the average number of nematodes de...
Journal of Pest Science, 2011
Citrus mealybug Planococcus citri (Risso) (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae) is one of the main pests on citrus trees. Biological control of the pest is based on the release of hymenopterous parasitoids and coccinellid predators at present. The effectiveness of entomopathogen fungus Isaria farinosa (Holmsk.) Fries ([Sordariomycetes: Hypocreales] (Syn: Paecilomyces farinosus), as an alternative biological control agent on citrus mealybug, was investigated using four different inoculum densities and different relative humidities (RH). The entomopathogen caused 89.39% mortality in ovisacs, 84.07% mortality in second larval stage, 84.53% mortality in adult females, and 78.71% mortality in first larval stage at 95% RH and at 1 9 10 8 conidia ml -1 inoculum concentration. Percent mortalities were between 50 and 60 in ovisac, first and second larval stage at 95% RH and at 1 9 10 7 conidia ml -1 . Percent mortality was decreased parallel to the decrease in humidity level and inoculum densities; however, the fungus caused significant infection in 70% and 80% RH. These results demonstrated that the effectiveness of the entomopathogen is promising for biocontrol of citrus mealybug.
Integrated Pest Management of Citrus Mealybug
2004
Foliar-applied insecticides and the soil-applied insecticide, Admire, were evaluated for their ability to control citrus mealybug on lemons while having a minimal impact on parasitoids. All of the foliar-applied insecticide exhibited activity towards citrus mealybug. The standard insecticide, Lorsban, performed very well, but since this product is especially harmful to parasitoids it is not considered to have a good fit in IPM programs where parasitoid conservation is emphasized. The currently labeled alternative, Applaud, was an effective treatment and should be considered for citrus mealybug control to avoid destruction of parasitoids. Several experimental insecticides showed promise: NNI-850, NNI-750C and NNI-010. However, NNI-0101 at the lower rate of 0.24 lbs-ai/ac appeared to be weak. The addition of narrow range crop oil, NR-415 at 1.0 gal/ac, appeared to be beneficial for initial mealybug knock-down, especially for the slower acting insecticides such as Applaud. Soil injection of Admire at 16 and 32 oz/ac appeared to have very good activity, but due to variability in the mealybug population, more data should be collected to confirm this finding.