Immunization status of children and its decline with age: A hospital based study of 1000 children at a teaching hospital in western Uttar Pradesh (original) (raw)
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Citation Agrawal SC, Kumari A. Immunization status of children and its decline with age: A hospital based study of 1000 children at a teaching hospital in western Uttar Pradesh. Ind J Comm Health. 2014;26(1):50-55. Abstract Background: Despite the ongoing National Immunization Program, the immunization coverage in our country remains unsatisfactory, particularly in U.P.; moreover, a wide disparity is seen in the immunization coverage of children at different ages. Objectives: The present study was conducted to know the immunization status of children, up to the age of 6 years, and particularly to evaluate the same with regard to the age of the child. Methods: The present study was carried out as a cross sectional study, between September, 2012 and May, 2013 at the pediatric OPD of SRMS Institute of Medical Sciences, Bareilly. A total of 1000 children, aged up to 6 years were included. Immunization status with regard to the doses of BCG, OPV, DPT, DT and measles vaccine given at diff...
Assessment of immunization Status of Children between 12-23 months in Bareilly District
Nepal Journal of Epidemiology, 2011
Objectives: To assess the immunization status of children in the age group 12-23 months and to know the reasons for non-immunization of children. Method: - A cross-sectional survey was conducted using WHO’s thirty cluster sampling technique in rural and urban areas of Bareilly district from August 2008 to January 2009. Rural areas were divided into blocks and blocks were divided into villages. Urban areas were divided into wards. Villages and wards were taken as clusters. During the house-to-house survey, a total of 240 children of age 12-23 months were included in the present study. Result: only around 50% of children were fully immunized while 27.5% were partially and 22.5 % were not immunized at all. Immunization coverage was highest for BCG (62.5%) and lowest for measles (39.2%). Dropout rates were 37.3%, 19.7% and 18.2% for BCG to measles, DPT1 to DPT3 and OPV1 to OPV3 respectively. Vitamin A prophylaxis showed a decline from 38.3 % to 16.7%. Amongst the various reasons for n...
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 2010
Reasons for the low coverage of immunization vary from logistic ones to those dependent on human behaviour. The study was planned to find out: (a) the immunization status of children admitted to a paediatric ward of tertiary-care hospital in Delhi, India and (b) reasons for partial immunization and nonimmunization. Parents of 325 consecutively-admitted children aged 12-60 months were interviewed using a semi-structured questionnaire. A child who had missed any of the vaccines given under the national immunization programme till one year of age was classified as partially-immunized while those who had not received any vaccine up to 12 months of age or received only pulse polio vaccine were classified as non-immunized. Reasons for partial/non-immunization were recorded using open-ended questions. Of the 325 children (148 males, 177 females), 58 (17.84%) were completely immunized, 156 (48%) were partially immunized, and 111 (34.15%) were non-immunized. Mothers were the primary respondents in 84% of the cases. The immunization card was available with 31.3% of the patients. All 214 partially-or completely-immunized children received BCG, 207 received OPV/DPT1, 182 received OPV/DPT2, 180 received OPV/DPT3, and 115 received measles vaccines. Most (96%) received pulse polio immunization, including 98 of the 111 non-immunized children. The immunization status varied significantly (p<0.05) with sex, education of parents, urban/rural background, route and place of delivery. On logistic regression, place of delivery [odds ratio (OR): 2.3, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.3-4.1], maternal education (OR=6.94, 95% CI 3.1-15.1), and religion (OR=1.75, 95% CI 1.2-3.1) were significant (p<0.05). The most common reasons for partial or non-immunization were: inadequate knowledge about immunization or subsequent dose (n=140, 52.4%); belief that vaccine has side-effects (n=77, 28.8%); lack of faith in immunization (n=58, 21.7%); or oral polio vaccine is the only vaccine required (n=56, 20.9%. Most (82.5%) children admitted to a tertiary-care hospital were partially immunized or non-immunized. The immunization status needs to be improved by education, increasing awareness, and counselling of parents and caregivers regarding immunizations and associated misconceptions as observed in the study.
IP International Journal of Medical Paediatrics and Oncology, 2021
The Present study was conducted in the Department of Pediatrics of Lala Lajpat Rai & Associated Hospital GSVM Medical College, Kanpur. All the children aged between 1-5 years, admitted in Department of Pediatrics were asked to participate in this study. Information regarding vaccination, socio-demographic factors was collected from their parents and care takers. Accuracy and validity of information were confirmed by immunization card in possible situation and inspection for BCG scar. Hospital based descriptive cross-sectional study.In upper class, 100% of children were completely immunized. In upper middle class, 80.8% children had complete and 19.1% partial immunization status. No one remained unimmunized in upper middle class. In lower middle class, 33.9% of children were completely immunized, 59.6% partially immunized and 6.4% remained unimmunized.Children who were 1stin birth order, had maximum immunization coverage (44.8%). Minimum immunization coverage was in birth order >4...
Pasteur Institute of Iran, 2020
Introduction: In India, only 56.3% of children between one to two years of age have received full immunization. In some area, despite of good health care delivery system, immunization coverage is not reaching up to the mark due to some unaddressed issues. Therefore, identification of these determinants will help to improve the immunization status of each child. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the field practice area of the Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC) affiliated to the medical college in Maharashtra, India. The sample of 350 participants was taken from 19 villages in the rural area and 17 administrative wards in the urban area by 'Probability Proportional to population Size' method. All married women in 15-49 years of age, having child in the age group 13-24 months were included in the study. Results: 83.71% children were fully immunized while remaining 16.29% were either partially or unimmunized. The dropout rate for measles compared to BCG was 16.3%. Main reasons for partial and un-immunization were lack of information and forgotten about the date. Occupation of mother, family type, parity, place of delivery and knowledge of immunization were significantly associated with immunization status of child. Conclusions: The determinants of immunization coverage if studied locally will help the programme managers to implement programme effectively to increase the overall coverage.
Innovative Publication, 2017
Background: Aim of the study was to know the immunization coverage and its determinants among under five children residing in the urban field practice area of S. N. Medical College, Bagalkot. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted in the urban field practice area of S. Nijalingappa Medical College in Bagalkot city between August-October 2016. According to NFHS-4, full immunization coverage in Karnataka is 59.8%. Sample size = 4pq/l 2 , taking p=59.8%, q=100-p= 40.2 and allowable error (l) = 10% of p. Sample size = 269. House to house survey was done for the presence of under 5 children. Vaccination status of the under five children was assessed based on immunization card or mother's verbal reports, and its determinants were collected using a pre-designed semi-structured questionnaire. Data was compiled and tabulated by using MS EXCEL and was analyzed, using percentages and chi square test. Result: A total of 283 under five children's immunization status was studied. Percentage of children fully immunized was found to be 83%, partially immunized were 16% and unimmunized were 1%. 24.3% children were less than 12 months of age, 22.9% were 12-23 months and 52.6% children were 24-60 months. 65.37% of mothers had their child's immunization card. Major reason for failure of immunization was found to be lack of awareness of the schedule i.e. 41% of children and negligence of parents and grandparents in 32.5%. Conclusion: More vigorous awareness campaign are to be brought about in this area to achieve the coverage of 100%.
Immunization status of children admitted to a tertiary hospital in India
International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics
Background: In spite of the ongoing Universal immunization program (UIP), National family health survey data shows declining trend in the number of children fully immunized in Maharashtra. Hence this study was undertaken to determine immunization status in 12-23 months age children admitted to pediatric wards of a tertiary care hospital and factors affecting it.Methods: A prospective, cross sectional study was carried out in which children between 12-23 months age admitted to paediatric wards of a tertiary care hospital were included. Immunization history for Universal immunization program vaccines and socio-demographic information was collected and analysed to find the immunization status and its correlation with various demographic factors.Results: Of total 418 children, 70.3% were completely immunized, 27.8% incompletely immunized and 1.9% unimmunized. Majority were immunized in government centers. 83.3% subjects were of 1st/2nd birth order, 90.4% were delivered institutionally a...
Child Immunizations: A Comparative Study Across States in India
Economic Affairs, 2019
Childhood immunization programs have been suggested as an infrastructure to deliver vitamin, a supplement to children in developing countries. Health education and vaccinations prevent the spread of infectious disease. In long term, they can even lead to the end of those diseases in a given country. Thus, in this paper we have considered those vaccinations which are must for children against different types of serious disease suffered by them during their childhood days and have analyzed its coverage across states in India. The conclusion which we are able to draw is that the considered indicators have shown an improvement over the considered period i.e. from 2005-06 to 2015-16. Moreover, increment in the percentage of children who received most of the vaccinations by the public health facility over the decade has also increased in case of all the considered states.
https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR\_Vol.6\_Issue.4\_April2019/Abstract\_IJRR0027.html, 2019
Background: Childhood immunization has been an outstanding public health success in many developing countries. There is always need of local level data to supplement the national level survey, hence we conducted the present study to assess the immunization coverage. Materials and Methods: This community based cross sectional study was conducted in urban and rural areas of Lucknow district over a period of 12 months in children between the age group of 12 to 23 months. A total of 410 children were included. Data was collected using a pre-tested questionnaire, which was administered by the lead author during a face-to-face interview. Results: Overall 86.6% children were fully immunized, 12.7% children were partially immunized while 0.7% children were not immunized at all. Percentage of fully immunized children was higher in the urban areas (92.2%) as compared to the rural areas (81%, P < 0.05). The drop-out rate from BCG to measles was 13.26%. In the urban areas the drop-out rate was 7.35% as opposed to 19.21% in the rural areas (P < 0.05). Overall the drop-out rate from DPT-3 to measles was 3.55%; with drop-out rates in urban and rural areas being a close 3.57% and 3.52% respectively (P > 0.05). Conclusion: The study suggests that though the immunization status in Lucknow district is marginally better than the state statistics, there is further need of proper information education and counseling especially in the rural areas.