Comparison of three thermal cameras with canine hip area thermographic images (original) (raw)
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Thermographic imaging in cats and dogs : Usability as a clinical method
2014
Th ermographic imaging has been studied and used widely in human and equine medicine, but published data from small animal medicine is still lacking. Th e primary aim of this study was to obtain basic knowledge of the method of thermographic imaging and to map possible areas of its use in companion animals. To determine the requirements for an optimal thermal camera, three cameras with diff erent resolutions (80 x 80 pixels, 180 x 180 pixels and 320 x 240 pixels) were tested. A total of six thermographic images were taken from the hips of 49 dogs of 26 breeds. Two images were shot with each of the three thermal cameras. Two diff erent persons took the thermographic images with the three cameras. Repeatability between thermographers and interpreters was studied. Th e usability of basic soft ware for interpreting the thermographic images was examined by having three individuals interpret the thermographic images. Th e camera with the resolution of 320 x 240 pixels was considered the m...
BMC Veterinary Research, 2021
Background In dogs, thermal imaging has been documented only recently, but a growing interest in this modality has led to studies using thermography to assess pathologies in the canine hip, stifle, elbow, intervertebral disc, and bone neoplasia. This study aimed to evaluate the use of digital thermography in assessing and evaluating treatment response in dogs with hip osteoarthritis (OA) and comparing its results with an objective measure and two clinical metrology instruments. In an experimental, randomized, double-blinded study, one hundred hip joints of fifty police working dogs with bilateral hip OA were evaluated. A dorsoventral and lateral thermographic image were obtained on days 0, 8, 15, 30, 90, and 180. Mean and maximal temperatures were determined. Additionally, the animal’s weight-bearing distribution and radiographic examination of the hip joint (extended legs ventrodorsal view) were performed. Copies of the Canine Brief Pain Inventory (CBPI) and Canine Orthopaedic Inde...
Annali dell'Istituto superiore di sanità, 2014
The authors describe the thermography technique in animal production and in veterinary medicine applications. The thermographic technique lends itself to countless applications in biology, thanks to its characteristics of versatility, lack of invasiveness and high sensitivity. Probably the major limitation to most important aspects for its application in the animal lies in the ease of use and in its extreme sensitivity. This review provides an overview of the possible applications of the technique of thermo visual inspection, but it is clear that every phenomenon connected to temperature variations can be identified with this technique. Then the operator has to identify the best experimental context to obtain as much information as possible, concerning the physiopathological problems considered. Furthermore, we reported an experimental study about the thermography (IRT) as a noninvasive technique to assess the state of wellbeing in working dogs. The first results showed the relation...
Thermal camera performance and image analysis repeatability in equine thermography
Infrared Physics & Technology, 2020
Infrared thermography is a non-invasive and non-ionizing imaging technique for recording body surface temperature. Considerable research efforts have been made to ensure that thermography in human medicine is performed to consistent standards so that measurements are traceable, reliable and valid, but interest in understanding sources of measurement uncertainty has developed less rapidly in veterinary thermography. The objective of our study was to understand the influence of variability in thermal imager performance, and the contribution to measurement variance of operator-dependent factors, in a practical equine thermography setting. The study employed five different models of thermal imager, which were all quality assured against a blackbody source prior to equine measurements. Three standard thermographic views were then obtained from nine clinically healthy horses using all five thermal imagers, with each imager capturing all views twice. On every thermographic image, regions of interest (ROIs) were then determined by two analyzers. The thermograms from each imager were assessed for their clinical utility. Agreement between analyzers of the same images, and between pairs of repeated images for the same analyzer, was assessed by Bland Altman plots. The contribution to the total variance in temperature measurements from analyzers and from camera-dependent factors was evaluated by ANOVA gauge R&R (reliability and reproducibility) analysis. Two of the thermal imagers produced readings during quality assurance which were outside of their stated specifications for accuracy. There were notable differences in the ability of the imagers to produce clinically useful thermograms, and it was difficult to compare the thermograms from different manufacturers due to the varied color palettes employed. Assessing agreement between analyzers, the bias was −0.05°C and limits of agreement were 0.11°C (upper) and −0.21°C (lower). Agreement between repeated images was less good than between analyzers: the bias was 0.17°C and limits of agreement were 1.55°C (upper) and −1.21°C (lower) for the first analyzer. Across all horses, the contribution by the analyzers to variance in temperature measurement at the ROIs from the lateral whole-body view was 9.8 ± 4.2% (Mean ± SD), for the lateral and medial aspects of the limbs was 26.5 ± 18.2%, and for the dorsal aspect of the limbs was 11.2 ± 9.2%. Across all ROIs and horses, the mean contribution to variance in the measurements from camera factors was 82.7 ± 15.3%. The work shows the importance of specifying an appropriate thermal imager for equine studies, and ensuring there is a programme of quality assurance in place for all devices used.
Thermographic imaging of police working dogs with bilateral naturally occurring hip osteoarthritis
Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica, 2020
Background Digital thermal imaging is a physiologic, non-invasive, contactless, and non-radiating diagnostic tool that can assess a wide range of musculoskeletal conditions, including hip osteoarthritis (HOA). Fifty police working dogs were evaluated to compare the dorsoventral (DV) and lateral (LT) thermographic images in dogs with naturally occurring bilateral HOA. A DV, and left and right lateral LT images were obtained for each animal in six different moments. They were positioned standing in a symmetrical upright position for the DV view. Each image included the area from the last lumbar to the first coccygeal vertebrae. Each LT view was set with the greater trochanter in the centre of the image. Images were taken with a thermographic camera from a distance of 60 cm. Mean and maximal temperatures were recorded, analyzed with ANOVA, dependent samples t-test, and Spearman correlation, with P < 0.05. Results Nine hundred images were considered, collected from 30 males and 20 fe...
Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, 2007
Objective—To assess the reliability and accuracy of a predictive rectal thermometer, an infrared auricular thermometer designed for veterinary use, and a subcutaneous temperature-sensing microchip for measurement of core body temperature over various temperature conditions in dogs. Design—Prospective study. Animals—8 purpose-bred dogs. Procedures—A minimum of 7 days prior to study commencement, a subcutaneous temperature-sensing microchip was implanted in 1 of 3 locations (interscapular, lateral aspect of shoulder, or sacral region) in each dog. For comparison with temperatures measured via rectal thermometer, infrared auricular thermometer, and microchip, core body temperature was measured via a thermistor-tipped pulmonary artery (TTPA) catheter. Hypothermia was induced during anesthesia at the time of TTPA catheter placement; on 3 occasions after placement of the catheter, hyperthermia was induced via administration of a low dose of endotoxin. Near-simultaneous duplicate temperatu...
Measuring the Body Surface Temperature of Animals Using a Thermographic Camera
Acta Universitatis Cibiniensis. Series E: Food Technology, 2013
in this experiment it was used contactless measurement method using a thermographic camera. Surface temperatures were recorded from three different parts of the animal,(the surface of the core body, the eyes and the udde)r. The aim of this study was to determine how much the temperature values that are obtained using the thermographic camera are accurate.. Its accuracy depends on many factors such as particularly good settings of the thermographic camera, a microclimate of environment, an emissivity of measured object, the character and colour of the coat or the degree of muscles. It was also monitor the correlation of the measured surface temperatures with a rectal temperature, which is an indicative of the internal body temperature.
Pelvic limb thermography in dogs submitted to different thermotherapy modalities
TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES, 2021
Veterinary physiatry is an area in need of further studies and a discipline in which the protocols used in the veterinary clinical routine are often extrapolated from studies in medicine. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of different types of thermotherapy and massage, through thermography, in promoting heating or cooling in the pelvic limb of healthy dogs. Five healthy adult dogs (male and female) of different breeds were subjected to 5 treatments: G1: massage without oil; G2: oil massage; G3: heating with a thermal bag at 43 ± 1 °C; G4: cryotherapy with ice pack; and G5: therapeutic ultrasound. All animals were submitted to all treatments. Thermographic evaluations were performed with the aid of an infrared camera before the procedure, immediately after treatment, and every minute up to 30 min. Superficial heating (P < 0.05) of the pelvic limb was performed with the thermal bag and therapeutic ultrasound modalities, whereas cooling was carried out withan ice bag. Massages with and without oil did not promote heating.Thus, the protocols chosen for the thermotherapy modalities were able to produce a change in surface temperature. Such a change was sufficient to obtain therapeutic effects in dogs, with the exception of massages with and without oil.