Photodynamic therapy: A new modality treatment in pre-cancer and cancer patients (original) (raw)
Related papers
Proceedings of the International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices, 2012
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is recently being recognized as an attractive, non-invasive and alternative treatment method for precancerous lesions and superficial cancers. PDT has many advantages when compared with conventional treatment modalities. It has also been used for the photoinactivation of microbes. There is an increasing interest in the practical application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in many branches of dentistry, especially in periodontology, for the management of such conditions as chronic periodontitis or periimplantitis. The aim of the present paper was to discuss the application of photodynamic therapy in medicine and dentistry. The results of many so far published studies seem to be very promising indicating at the same time that further research is needed to establish the optimal protocol for effective photodestruction of tumor cells and microorganisms.
Photodynamic therapy: the imminent milieu for treating oral lesions
Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR, 2013
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is used in curative and palliative treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) and other oral lesions. Oral infections (such as mucosal and endodontic infections, periodontal diseases, caries, and peri-implantitis) are among the specific targets where PDT can be applied Photodynamic therapy (PDT) efficacy depends on the local dose deposited in the lesion as well as oxygen availability in the lesion. Further long-term clinical studies are necessary in establishing a more specific place of the technique in the field of dentistry.
The application of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) in dentistry: a critical review
Laser Physics, 2016
In recent years there have been an increasing number of in vitro and in vivo studies that show positive results regarding antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT) used in dentistry. These include applications in periodontics, endodontics, and mucosal infections caused by bacteria present as biofilms. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy is a therapy based on the combination of a non-toxic photosensitizer (PS) and appropriate wavelength visible light, which in the presence of oxygen is activated to produce reactive oxygen species (ROS). ROS induce a series of photochemical and biological events that cause irreversible damage leading to the death of microorganisms. Many light-absorbing dyes have been mentioned as potential PS for aPDT and different wavelengths have been tested. However, there is no consensus on a standard protocol yet. Thus, the goal of this review was to summarize the results of research on aPDT in dentistry using the PubMed database focusing on recent studies of the effectiveness aPDT in decreasing microorganisms and microbial biofilms, and also to describe aPDT effects, mechanisms of action and applications.
Photodynamic Therapy in Periodontics
2020
The human oral cavity is colonized by a large number of highly diverse bacteria existing in either a planktonic community or in a complex sessile community known as a biofilm (i.e. dental plaque).1While the majority of bacteria in these complex communities are nonpathogenic some bacteria are opportunistic pathogens and are associated with extraoral and intraoral diseases. Photodynamic therapy has been considered as a promising novel therapeutic approach for eradicating pathogenic bacteria in periodontal and peri-implant diseases. Photodynamic therapy is based on chemicals called photosensitizers that are activated by light of adequate wavelength. Its activation leads to the generation of singlet oxygen and free radicals responsible for the cytotoxic effect against specific cells. Photodynamic therapy basically involves three nontoxic ingredients: visible harmless light; a nontoxic photosensitizer; and oxygen. It is based on the principle that a photosensitizer (i.e. a photoactivatab...
Photodynamic Therapy: Role in Dentistry (A Brief Review)
SVOA Dentistry, 2020
Bacteria form a biofilm that is the safest habitat for them. Pathogenic bacteria are the main etiological factor responsible for the failure of various treatments. Quorum sensing helps bacteria to communicate with each other and coordinates with their activity. Mechanical debridement with antimicrobial therapy is usually a conventional mode of periodontitis patients. Another effective tool is Photodynamic therapy for localized and superficial infections. This article summarizes the history, general principles, applications, indications, mechanism, and adverse effects of photodynamic therapy in various fields of dentistry.
Photodynamic Therapy- A Ray towards Periodontics
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences, 2014
The increase of microbial resistance and development of lighting devices with safe and accurate delivery of energy, today professionals can count on therapies to manage pathogens in different fields of dentistry, especially periodontics. The possibility of development of resistance to antibiotics by the target organism has led to development of a new concept with fewer complications i.e. Photodynamic Therapy. The combination of laser light and photosensitizer known as photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be used in periodontal therapy. LASER produces a monochromatic, collimated and coherent light beam. This unique form of light can interact with living tissues leading to surgical and/ or therapeutic applications. A Photosensitizer is a dye substance that is absorbed by the microorganism, cell or tissue allowing it to interact with the light. This mode of treatment is referred to as photodynamic therapy (PDT) or photo-activated disinfection (PAD). Application of photodynamic therapy in periodontics such as pocket debridement, gingivitis, aggressive periodontitis continue to evolve into a mature clinical treatment modality, and is considered as a promising novel approach for eradicating pathogenic bacteria in periodontitis. This Article presents an overview of photodynamic therapy as it represents a novel therapeutic approach in the management of periodontal diseases.
PROSPECTS OF APPLICATION OF PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY IN THE TREATMENT OF ORAL CANCER
International Journal of Current Research , 2019
Surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy are the prime treatment options when it comes to treatment of malignant lesions. Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a new treatment modality against cancer with special emphasis on the physical and biochemical principles. PDT is also known as photoradiation therapy, phototherapy or photochemotherapy. It is been more than 25 yrs since PDT was proposed as a useful tool in oncology. But now it is clinically approved and more widely used. PDT was developed as a therapy for several diseases such as tumor, periodontitis, other oral lesions and premalignant diseases. It is a minimally invasive treatment with great promise in malignant diseases. It is not only well tolerated but also simple and quick to execute. It has proved to show less morbidity and better function; it also shows excellent cosmetic outcome. Soon PDT has the potential to become integrated into the mainstream of cancer treatment.
Photodynamic Therapy-A New Ray of Hope in Periodontics
2017
Microbial biofilm in the oral cavity is the primary etiology for periodontal disease. It has been found that the growth of bacteria in dental plaque biofilm imparts to them an increased resistance to antimicrobial agents as compared to bacteria grown in suspensions and adherent cultures. Hence there is pronounced interest and keenness for the development of alternate therapeutic modalities, one such approach is the photodynamic therapy (PDT). This review provides an overview of PDT in the management of periodontal disease. Also new frontiers of antimicrobial PDT research have been discussed. Thus, the available knowledge of PDT should encourage a more clinically oriented application of this technique.
Photodynamic Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontal Disease
2020
Biofilms that colonize tooth surfaces and epithelial cells lining the periodontal pocket ⁄ gingival sulcus (subgingival dental plaques) are among the most complex biofilms that exist in nature. Photodynamic therapy has been suggested as an alternative to chemical antimicrobial agents to eliminate subgingival species and treat periodontitis. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy seems to be a unique and interesting therapeutic approach towards the treatment of periodontitis and peri-implantitis. The results of a number of in vitro studies clearly demonstrate the effective and efficient bactericidal effect of antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy may hold promise as a substitute for currently available chemotherapy in the treatment of periodontal and peri-implant diseases.
Photodynamic Therapy (Part 1: Applications in Dentistry)
International Journal of Laser Dentistry, 2013
Aim: To overview the effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT) along with different types of photosensitizers and the lasers associated with them. Background: Administration of drugs for oral infections and pathologies are accompanied with a lot of limitations like lack of patient compliance, microbial resistance in the biofilm, systemic side effects, failure on the antibiotics to act on non-perfused areas, allergy and the limitation of spectrum of microorganisms affected. To overcome this, an effective and an alternative therapy needs to replace the conventional treatment. Indians since ancient past have been using the extracts of Psoralea corylifolia which contains furocoumarins, given orally, and followed by exposure to sunlight in order to treat vitiligo. Thus, PDT was investigated in the past as a promising alternative if not replacement for the conventional treatment. Clinical significance: It has been seen that various combinations of photosensitizer and lasers are effective against a broad spectrum of microorganisms. Porphyrin photosensitizers and temoporfin have been used successfully in the past against premalignant and malignant intraoral lesions. They are excellent options for palliative treatment for cases refractory to conventional therapy. Phenothiazinium photosensitizers like methylene blue and toluidine blue have shown to be effective against bacterias, viruses and fungal infections. Hence, they are effective tools for the treatment of refractory periodontics and endodontic infections. Conclusion: With the revolution of lasers in the field of dentistry and oncology, a new minimally invasive and precise approach towards the pathology is being developed. However, further research needs to be done in terms of development of newer formulations and dosimetry for more consistent results free of side effects.