CHEMOPROTECTIVE AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES OF METHANOLIC EXTRACT OF AMARANTHUS SPINOSUS LEAVES ON PARACETAMOL INDUCED-LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS (original) (raw)
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Hepatoprotective Properties of Selected Plants Against Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Mice
Journal of Institute of Science and Technology, 2017
The hepatoprotective properties of the ethanolic extracts of Punica granatum peels, Crataeva religiosa leaves and Jasminum polyanthrum leaves were evaluated for the paracetamol induced liver toxicity in mice. Antioxidant, cytotoxicity and phytochemical screening were carried out to assure the therapeutic efficacy of these plants. Oral administration of plant extracts for 7 days in mice significantly reduced the impact of paracetamol toxicity on the serum markers of liver damage, aspartate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and total protein. The extract showed significant hepatoprotective effects as evidenced by decreased serum enzyme activities like ALT, AST and changed total protein. The phytochemical and antioxidant studies also supported that plant extract markedly reduced the toxicity due to presence of antioxidant phytochemicals. The result suggests that Jasminum polyanthrum is potent hepatoprotective agent against paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in mice.
BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2016
Background: Methanol extract of Bauhinia purpurea L. (family Fabaceae) (MEBP) possesses high antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities and recently reported to exert hepatoprotection against paracetamol (PCM)-induced liver injury in rats. In an attempt to identify the hepatoprotective bioactive compounds in MEBP, the extract was prepared in different partitions and subjected to the PCM-induced liver injury model in rats. Methods: Dried MEBP was partitioned successively to obtain petroleum ether (PEBP), ethylacetate (EABP) and aqueous (AQBP) partitions, respectively. All partitions were subjected to in vitro antioxidant (i.e. total phenolic content (TPC), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-and superoxide-radicals scavenging assay, and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) assay) and anti-inflammatory (i.e. lipooxygenase (LOX) and xanthine oxidase (XO) assay) analysis. The partitions, prepared in the dose range of 50, 250 and 500 mg/kg, together with a vehicle (10 % DMSO) and standard drug (200 mg/kg silymarin) were administered orally for 7 consecutive days prior to subjection to the 3 mg/kg PCM-induced liver injury model in rats. Following the hepatic injury induction, blood samples and liver were collected for the respective biochemical parameter and histopathological studies. Body weight changes and liver weight were also recorded. The partitions were also subjected to the phytochemical screening and HPLC analysis.
Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2021
A multi-herbal combination (MHC) of ve herbs, namely Punica granatum L., Putranjiva roxburghii Wall., Swertia chirata Buch.-Ham., Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers and Trigonella corniculata L., was assessed against the paracetamol-induced acute hepatotoxicity in female Wistar rats. The animals were randomly assorted into seven groups with six animals in each group. The rats were pre-treated with MHC (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg bw) and silymarin (50 mg/kg bw) once daily for seven consecutive days via oral route followed by administration of paracetamol (3 g/kg bw) on day 7, an hour after the last administration of MHC and silymarin. It was observed that MHC administration signi cantly (p ≤ 0.05) overturned the paracetamolinduced increase in serum liver function biomarkers (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase, serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase, alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin), phase I reaction enzymes (NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase and NADH-cytochrome b5 reductase), and oxidant biomarkers (lactate dehydrogenase, lipid peroxidation, lipid hydroperoxides, and protein content). MHC administration also reinstated the paracetamol-induced signi cant decrease (p ≤ 0.05) in haematological indices (haematocrit, haemoglobin, red and white blood cells, and platelets), phase II reaction enzymes (glutathione-S-transferase and DT-diaphorase), membrane-bound enzymes (Na + /K +-ATPase, Ca 2+-ATPase, and Mg 2+-ATPase), and antioxidant biomarkers (reduced glutathione, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase). Overall, MHC at 200 mg/kg bw dose signi cantly (p ≤ 0.05) sheltered the red blood cells from the assault of free radicals, stabilized the structural and functional integrity of hepatocytes, hindered APAP biotransformation to its toxic metabolites, and endorsed conjugating abilities to detoxify toxic entities. Further, MHC signi cantly (p ≤ 0.05) activated enzymatic machinery to scavenge/inhibit the formation of reactive oxygen species, regulated nucleic acid metabolism, surface potential, and membrane uidity, attenuated tissue breakdown, quenched peroxyl radicals, and provided protection against tissue injury. The necroin ammatory scores revealed strong evidence of MHC (200 mg/kg bw) effectiveness against the paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats at p ≤ 0.05. The synergistic effect of major inherent phytoconstituents (kaempferol, ellagic acid, and gallic acid), detected by HPLC-PDA, in MHC might have overturned the paracetamol-induced biochemical toxic alterations in rat liver.
ABSTRACT Aim: Evaluation of hepatoprotective effect of ethyl methyl ketone and methanol sub‑fractions obtained from methanol fraction of total methanol extract (ME) was carried out both in vivo and in vitro using paracetamol‑induced toxicity. Settings and Design: Hepatoprotective activity in vivo was assessed by determining the serum levels of glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT), glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT), alkaline phosphatase, total bilirubin, total cholesterol, total protein (TPTN), and albumin in serum. The studies were supported by histopathological examination of liver sections. In vitro activity was assessed by determining the change in hepatocyte viability and other parameters such as GOT, GPT and TPTN. Materials and Methods: The ME of the roots of Baliospermum montanum was prepared and fractionated with chloroform and methanol to get activity guided fraction. The bio‑active guided methanol fraction was further fractionated with ethyl methyl ketone and methanol. Both the fractions were evaluated for hepatoprotective activity against paracetamol‑induced toxicity. Statistical Analysis: For determining the significant intergroup difference each parameter was analyzed separately, and one‑way analysis of variance was carried out and the individual comparisons of the group mean values were done using Dunnet’s test. Results: Methanol sub‑fraction prevented hepatic damage in vivo, induced by paracetamol, whereas both the sub‑fractions showed hepatoprotective effect by restoring altered parameters in the selected in vitro model. The results were comparable with the standard hepatoprotective drug silymarin. Conclusions: This study underlines the therapeutic potential of B. montanum as per claims in Ayurveda in liver disorders.
Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2017
To evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of methanolic root extracts of Memecylon malabaricum (MM), Andrographis serpyllifolia (AS) and Leucas aspera (LA) against the paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity. The methanolic root extracts of MM (family: Melastomaceae), AS (family: Acanthaceae) and LA (family: Lamiaceae) was studied at different doses and compared with standard Silymarin (25 mg/kg b.w). All the doses were administered orally. Thereafter, paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity in elevation of the serum levels of biochemical parameters like SGOT, SGPT, ALKP, TBL and CHL were studied. The rats treated with the methanolic root extracts of MM, AS, LA and silymarin showed a significant (p<0.05) decrease in all the elevated SGOT, SGPT, ALKP, TBL, CHL and significant increase (p<0.05) in TPTN and ALB levels at dose dependent manner. Pretreatment with Silymarin and methanolic root extracts MM, AS and LA produced significant antihepatotoxic activity. The reduction of elevated serum levels were explored by evaluated hepatoprotective activity of methanolic root extracts of MM, AS and LA against the paracetamol induced hepatotoxicity.
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative medicines
Background: Liver diseases are a common cause of mortality and morbidity over the world. It is caused mainly by toxic chemicals and chemotherapeutic agents. Costus speciosus (Koen ex. Retz.) (Zingiberaceae) is widely employed in various traditional medicines for the prevention and treatment of different aliments. The purpose of this study is to assess the protective effect of C. speciosus rhizomes MeOH extract against the injury of the liver induced by paracetamol (PA) in mice. Material and Methods: The mice were pretreated for seven days with distilled H 2 O, silymarin 12 mg/kg or 100 and 200 mg/kg MeOH extract. Then, PA (750 mg/kg) was also intra-peritoneal administrated once a day. Animals were euthanatized 24 h after the damage inducement. The levels of the serum enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase, in addition to the tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), were determined. Moreover, the histopathological examination was carried out. Results: Administration of the MeOH extract (200 mg/kg) showed improvement in the toxic effects of PA through significant fall on the serum markers enzymes of liver damage: AST, ALT, and ALP, as well as TNF-α, compared to silymarin. In parallel, the histopathological profile in the mice` liver also proved that extract markedly minimized the PA toxicity and maintained the liver tissues` histoarchitecture to near the normal ones more than that achieved by silymarin. Conclusion: The findings suggested that C. speciosus extract acts as a potential hepatoprotective agent against PAinduced liver toxicity. This hepato-protection effect may be due to the existence of steroids, saponins, different glycosides, and phenolic compounds in C. speciosus.
Physiological changes due to hepatotoxicity and the protective role of some medicinal plants
Beni-Suef University Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2016
The liver is the largest, important organ and the site for essential biochemical reactions in the human body. It has the function to detoxify toxic substances and synthesize useful biomolecules. Therefore, damage to the liver leads to grave consequences. This damage resulted from chronic alcoholic abuse, viral hepatitis or inherited metabolic disease. Liver damage is associated with cellular necrosis, fibrosis, and increase in tissue lipid peroxidation and depletion in tissue glutathione level. Most of the hepatotoxic chemicals damage liver cells mainly by inducing lipid peroxidation and other oxidative damages in the liver. Natural antioxidants are found in many compounds classified as secondary plant metabolites, e.g. polyphenols (phenolic acids and flavonoids) and terpenoids (carotenoids), and the consumption of foods that contain these compounds in large quantities seems to play an important role in prophylaxis against many diseases. Herbal medicines derived from plant extracts are being increasingly utilized to treat a wide variety of clinical disease. More attention has been paid to the protective effects of natural antioxidants against drug induced toxicities especially whenever free radical generation is involved. Popularity of herbal remedies is increasing and at least one quarter of patients with liver disease use botanicals. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that 80 percent of the population of some Asian and African countries presently use herbal medicine for some aspect of primary health care. Some medicinal herbs have proven hepatoprotective potential. Silybum marianum (milk thistle) has been used to treat liver diseases since the 16th century. Its major constituents are the flavonoids silibinin, silydianin, silychristin, and isosilibinin, of which silibinin is the biologically most active compound and used for standardization of pharmaceutical products.
The journal of phytopharmacology, 2020
This experiment aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and hepatoprotective effect of methanolic extract of Helianthus annuus (sunflower) seeds against paracetamol induced liver injury. Four groups of rats (n = 3) were used and administered orally once daily with H. annus methanolic extract (100, 300, and 500 mg/kg) for 7 days, followed by the induction of hepatotoxicity using acetaminophen. The blood and liver samples were subjected to liver function biochemical and lipid peroxidation assay. The extract was also subjected to in-vitro antioxidant study using the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging assay. The total phenolic content and total flavonoid content were also evaluated. The extract was found to have a total flavonoids of 7.72 ± 2.3 mg/g quercetin equivalence and total phenolic content of 40.60244 ± 1.14 mg/g Gallic acid equivalence. H. annus methanolic extract exhibited a significant decrease (P < 0.0001) in Alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, and aspartate aminotransferase enzyme levels. The extract exhibited antioxidant activity and contained high total phenol content. H. annus methanol extract was found to possess a potential hepatoprotective activity that could be partly attributed to its antioxidant activity and high phenolic content.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences
The methanol extract (MLE) of the plant Nelsonia canescens (Lam.) Spreng at different doses (150, 300 and 500 mg/kg, b.w.) was tested for its efficacy against paracetamol induced acute hepatic damage in Wistar rats. The different groups of rats were administered with paracetamol (2 gm/kg, p.o.). The rats were monitored for morphological changes, biochemical changes of serum Glutamate Oxaloacetate Transaminase (GOT), serum Glutamate Pyruvate Transaminase (GPT), serum Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), serum Gamma Glutamyl Transferase (GGT), serum Cholesterol, serum Bilirubin (Total and Direct) and for histopathological changes. Activity of the MLE on paracetamol induced lethal effect in mice was also studied. From the experimental results it was proved that the plant possesses hepatoprotective potency in a dose dependent manner and the dose 500 mg/kg has significant effect in reducing the damage caused by paracetamol; which was comparable to the protective effect of standard drug Silymarin (100 mg/kg, b.w.). The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of active phytoconstituents i.e. flavanoids and phenolics, which may offer hepatoprotection. The present work support the traditional claim of plant in the treatment of liver injury, may provide a new drug against a war with liver diseases.
Fundamental & Clinical Pharmacology, 2009
Oxidative stress is implicated as a common pathologic mechanism contributing to the initiation and progression of hepatic damage in a variety of liver disorders. Present study attempts to evaluate the hepatoprotective activity of picroliv, curcumin and ellagic acid in comparison to silymarin using paracetamol (PCM) induced acute liver damage. Hepatotoxicity was induced by administering a single oral dose of PCM (500 mg/kg) and was assessed by quantifying the serum enzyme activities, phenobarbitone induced sleeping time and histopathological analysis of liver tissues. The antioxidant parameters, malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH) and catalase of the liver tissue were also assessed. The herbal drugs were administered for 7 days by oral route at 50 and 100 mg/kg. PCM induced hepatic damage was manifested by a significant increase in the activities of marker enzymes (alanine transaminase, aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase) in serum and MDA level in liver. The...