Path Loss Exponents Deduced From VHF & UHF Measurements Over Indian Subcontinent and Model Comparison (original) (raw)
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Mobile radio propagation path loss studies at VHF/UHF bands in Southern India
IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2000
Field strength measurements at 200, 400 and 450 MHz (VHF/UHF band) were conducted with the field strength meter placed on board of a vehicle in Southern India. Observed field strength values were converted into path losses and are compared with different path loss prediction methods like Hata, Egli, Blomquist-Ladell, COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami, Walfisch-Bertoni and ITU-R. These path loss studies are carried out in urban, suburban and open areas in this region. The results showed that Hata's method gave better agreement with observed values in urban, suburban and open regions. COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami model is also in good agreement with the observed values in urban and suburban regions. Egli and Blomquist-Ladell methods showed moderate agreement in open region only. The agreement of Walfisch-Bertoni and ITU-R methods with observed values is not good.
Investigation of VHF signals in bands I and II in southern India and model comparisons
In order to achieve a highly reliable communication with a simple and small receiver, one requires the knowledge of the spatial and temporal variability of field strength. This assumes greater significance in broadcasting applications where the user expects a very high quality signal. The performance of any communication circuit depends on the models employed to calculate the coverage area and interference problems. The development and identification of models is a continuing and ongoing process and there is always scope for refinement. With this objective some field strength measurements were conducted using Chennai TV and FM stations in several radials. The variability of the path loss as a function of distance has been studied and path loss exponents deduced from the observed values were compared with the model available in literature. The agreement and deviations of the model with the observed results are presented and discussed and two approaches have been proposed to compare the observed results.
Investigation into Path Loss Propagation at UHF Band in Low Latitude Region
Knowledge of propagation characteristics in the mobile channel is important to the design of a cellular system. It is a major component in the analysis and design of the link budget of a Telecommunication system. This paper deals with the outdoor path loss bahaviour. The study has been conducted in The Polytechnic, Ibadan at GSM frequency 900MHz so as to fit a suitable propagation model within the campus and environs. The experimental data collected from measurements were compared with Cost 231 Hata model, Erickson model and free space models. The results are in good agreement with Cost 231 Hata model. The accuracy of the results is estimated by determine the mean square error between the measured and estimated path loss of the empirical model. The mean square errors, ? at different height were 2.04, 2.71, 2.90, 1.46, and 1.61dBm. The results are in good agreement with the acceptable international range 1???15dBm (Wu and Yuan, 1998).
A Review of Path Loss Models for UHFRADIOWaves Propagation: Trends andAssessment
2016
Wave propagation models are essential and very important tools for determining the wave propagation characteristics for a particular environment. Path loss predictions are therefore required for the coverage planning, determination of multipath effects as well as interference and cell calculations. These calculations lead to high level network planning. The planning process includes the prediction of the received power which determines the parameter of the base station transceiver. In wireless broad band services, delay spread, angular speed and impulse response of the mobile channel have become more and more important for the planning process. This paper outlines the trends in the development of various path loss models and assessing these models.
Large-scale radio propagation path loss measurements and predictions in the VHF and UHF bands
Heliyon, 2021
For decades now, a lot of radio wave path loss propagation models have been developed for predictions across different environmental terrains. Amongst these models, empirical models are practically the most popular due to their ease of application. However, their prediction accuracies are not as high as required. Therefore, extensive path loss measurement data are needed to develop novel measurement-oriented path loss models with suitable correction factors for varied frequency, capturing both local terrain and clutter information, this have been found to be relatively expensive. In this paper, a large-scale radio propagation path loss measurement campaign was conducted across the VHF and UHF frequencies. A multi-transmitter propagation setup was employed to measure the strengths of radio signals from seven broadcasting transmitters (operating at 89.30, 103.5, 203.25, 479.25, 615.25, 559.25 and 695.25 MHz respectively) at various locations covering a distance of 145.5 km within Nigerian urban environments. The measurement procedure deployed ensured that the data obtained strictly reflect the shadowing effects on radio signal propagation by filtering out the small-scale fading components. The paper also, examines the feasibilities of applying Kriging method to predict distanced-based path losses in the VHF and UHF bands. This method was introduced to minimize the cost of measurements, analysis and predictions of path losses in built-up propagation environments.
Bulletin of the National Research Centre
Background The development of powerful and flexible management addresses is due to the improvement of deeply reliable gadgets and the advancement of the concept of cellular. The cellular principle was a major way of solving the wavelength crowding problem and the user capacity. It offered high capacity without major technological changes with limited allocation in spectrum. Wireless communication is an innovation in media transmission that allows remote transmission in all types of terrain between convenient gadgets. For estimating a transmitter 's radio coverage area, propagation models that anticipate the mean signal strength for an arbitrary transmitter–receiver separation distance are crucial as they are called large-scale propagation models so even though they define the average signal strength over long periods of time and large distances from the transmitter. Results Developed propagation models are presented according to the measured path loss values in exemplary urban a...
Assessment Of Some Basic Empirical Path Loss Model For Vhf And Uhf In Kano City Nigerian Environment
International Journal of Advanced Networking and Applications
High demands of wireless data service are increase globally and this makes Empirical path loss models of great interest. Path= loss= Propagation= models= are= useful= as= predictive= tools= for= receiving= signal= intensity= at= any= particular= distance= between= the= transmitter= and= the= receiver= at= that= particular= point,= it= is= important= in= many= ways,= such= as= Base= Transceiver= Stations= (BTS)= location,= radio= coverage= area= estimation,= frequency= assignments,= interference= analysis,= optimization= transfer,= power= adjustment= and= connection= budget. This paper presents an assessments and evaluation of five widely used empirical path loss models in predicting signal in the VHF and UHF bands in Kano City, Nigeria. In the work, five error analysis methods are used and a large scale field strength measurement was conducted within Kano State metropolis using specially configured dual band handset, GPS and GENEX® Probe software, data samples were collected along a predefined route Measurement= of= the= drive= test= was= carried= out= in= Kano, Nigeria= to= obtain= path= loss= data= from= various= base= station= transmitters= at= varying= distances. The routes covered are Zaria highway through eastern bypass road Dan Agundi to Bayero University, Kano old site, Hotoro GRA, Badawa Layout to SabonGari along MM way and Kabuga to Bayero University New site.It was found that HATA model provides the best results in terms of minimum mean Error, RMSE and SCRMSE. HATA model has the best fit which falls within the acceptable range of ±10dB.
PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PATH LOSS PARAMETERS FOR BROADCASTING APPLICATIONS
In this research paper we investigated the effect of different path loss parameters with respect to distance in northen region of India (State: Punjab and Jammu) by using low and high power RF transmitter. In order to achieve good and reliable reception a practical broadcast engineers must know the suitability of appropriate model so as to design the various parameters of a transmitting station for achieving the high quality of signal at a known distance. In this paper we have taken field strength measurements for 100w FM and 10KW FM station at almost identical distances (50 Km) in different locations. All the measurements (readings) have been taken with the help of anritsu site master and by using the suitable anritsu dipole antenna. Comparative study of all graphs has been taken with respect to FCC f(50,50) curves. In this paper, various investigations and their graphs have been plotted to show a comparative analysis of different parameters. In our measurements, we have used receiving antenna of 4 meter height and subsequent conversion has been applied to convert measurement (readings) into 9 meter receiving antenna height.
annals of telecommunications - annales des télécommunications, 2008
The development of various radio planning tools for the design of fixed and mobile communication systems requires radio channel measurements, comparison with various models, and the tuning of various parameters involved in the model. Based on the various land-and rail-based VHF/ UHF measurements over northern, southern, western, and eastern parts of Indian subcontinent, the parameters of Okumura-Hata model are tuned, and modified parameters for the above regions have been deduced. These can be utilized for the design and development of future broadcast systems, mobile communication systems in this region of the world. Keywords Path loss. Measurements. Model tuning. Hata's method 2 Experimental details Radio measurements have been conducted over land-based vehicles in southern India at 150 and 440 MHz in urban, Ann. Telecommun.
IEEE Access
A deep knowledge of how radio waves behave in practical wireless channel is required for effective planning and deployment of radio access networks in urban environments. Empirical propagation models are popular for their simplicity, but they are prone to introduce high prediction errors. Different heuristic methods and geospatial approaches have been developed to further reduce path loss prediction error. However, the efficacy of these new techniques in built-up areas should be experimentally verified. In this paper, the efficiencies of empirical, heuristic and geospatial methods for signal fading predictions in the VHF (Very High Frequency) and UHF (Very High Frequency) bands in typical urban environments are evaluated and analysed. Electromagnetic field strength measurements are performed at different test locations within four selected cities in Nigeria. The data collected are used to develop path loss models based on Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Adaptive Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and Kriging techniques. The prediction results of the developed models are compared with those of selected empirical models and field measured data. Apart from Egli and ECC-33, the Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) produced by all other models under investigation are considered acceptable. Specifically, ANN and ANFIS models yielded the lowest prediction errors. However, the empirical models have the lowest standard deviation errors across all the bands. The findings of this study will help radio network engineers: to achieve efficient radio coverage estimation; to determine the optimal base station location; to make a proper frequency allocation; to select the most suitable antenna and to perform interference feasibility studies.