PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF PATH LOSS PARAMETERS FOR BROADCASTING APPLICATIONS (original) (raw)
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Mobile radio propagation path loss studies at VHF/UHF bands in Southern India
IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2000
Field strength measurements at 200, 400 and 450 MHz (VHF/UHF band) were conducted with the field strength meter placed on board of a vehicle in Southern India. Observed field strength values were converted into path losses and are compared with different path loss prediction methods like Hata, Egli, Blomquist-Ladell, COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami, Walfisch-Bertoni and ITU-R. These path loss studies are carried out in urban, suburban and open areas in this region. The results showed that Hata's method gave better agreement with observed values in urban, suburban and open regions. COST 231 Walfisch-Ikegami model is also in good agreement with the observed values in urban and suburban regions. Egli and Blomquist-Ladell methods showed moderate agreement in open region only. The agreement of Walfisch-Bertoni and ITU-R methods with observed values is not good.
IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting, 2006
With the increasing demand of users in the broadcasting and communication services, coverage and interference prediction techniques need to be more accurate and applicable under different conditions. No single propagation model satisfies all the variations observed by the signal. Tuning of the existing models and development of new models are continuing and ongoing processes. With this objective in the present study path loss exponents have been deduced from various VHF/UHF measurements conducted over different regions of Indian subcontinent. These have been compared with the model of Perez-Vega and Zamanillo. The suitability of the model and the deviations has been presented in the paper.
Investigation into Path Loss Propagation at UHF Band in Low Latitude Region
Knowledge of propagation characteristics in the mobile channel is important to the design of a cellular system. It is a major component in the analysis and design of the link budget of a Telecommunication system. This paper deals with the outdoor path loss bahaviour. The study has been conducted in The Polytechnic, Ibadan at GSM frequency 900MHz so as to fit a suitable propagation model within the campus and environs. The experimental data collected from measurements were compared with Cost 231 Hata model, Erickson model and free space models. The results are in good agreement with Cost 231 Hata model. The accuracy of the results is estimated by determine the mean square error between the measured and estimated path loss of the empirical model. The mean square errors, ? at different height were 2.04, 2.71, 2.90, 1.46, and 1.61dBm. The results are in good agreement with the acceptable international range 1???15dBm (Wu and Yuan, 1998).
Investigation of VHF signals in bands I and II in southern India and model comparisons
In order to achieve a highly reliable communication with a simple and small receiver, one requires the knowledge of the spatial and temporal variability of field strength. This assumes greater significance in broadcasting applications where the user expects a very high quality signal. The performance of any communication circuit depends on the models employed to calculate the coverage area and interference problems. The development and identification of models is a continuing and ongoing process and there is always scope for refinement. With this objective some field strength measurements were conducted using Chennai TV and FM stations in several radials. The variability of the path loss as a function of distance has been studied and path loss exponents deduced from the observed values were compared with the model available in literature. The agreement and deviations of the model with the observed results are presented and discussed and two approaches have been proposed to compare the observed results.
Path-Loss Determination of 91.5 MHZ FM Radio Channel of Ekiti State
The measurement of the field strength distribution of Ekiti State broadcasting service radio channel propagating at 91.5MHz was conducted round the stretch of the State, with physical presence of the investigator in all the local government areas. The elevation of area visited including its longitude and latitude, and the field strength were measured, as well as the line of sight distance to the transmitter base with the use of the Dagatron Tm 10 Level (field strength) Meter, and Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver GARMIN MAP 76 Personal Navigator. For path loss prediction model calculations, investigation was carried out along four (4) major different routes away from Broadcasting Services of Ekiti State, (BSES) 91.5MHZ base station.The path loss prediction for Ekiti State was developed, and a comparison between the path loss prediction models by Friis and Okumura-Hata was made, to determine the most suitable for the terrain existing in Ekiti State, Nigeria. The corresponding error statistic in terms of the mean prediction error calculated using a statistical term-standard error of estimation to find the prediction error as the difference between the measured and predicted values. It was established that the path losses along the four routes considered of the radio signal being propagated increases with increase in distance moved away from the base station. Friis transmission equation underestimated, with a mean error of 1.76dB along routes A,B,C and D while Okumura-Hata model gave a mean error of 2.68dB along routes A,B,C and D. Thus, Okumura-Hata model gave a closer prediction to the measurements in all the routes and so, is more suitable for path loss prediction for Very High Frequency VHF waves in Ekiti State and that addition of a loss factor of 2.68dB be added to correction factor for any route in Ekiti State, Nigeria.
Path Loss Modelling of UHF Radio Wave Propagation in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria
2019
In order to achieve optimal performance of a wireless communication system in any given environment, empirical path loss models are used to predict the received signal strength and power. We present an assessment of the quality of UHF signal reception and development of path loss model in the UHF range for the city of Ado-Ekiti in Nigeria, using the signal field strength of the broadcast signal of Ekiti State Television (EKTV). Measurements of received signal field strength within and around the city were carried out and analyzed, from which path loss models in the UHF range were developed for Ado-Ekiti using linear regression model – one being a general model, and the other is for the western region of Ado-Ekiti with irregular terrain. The result of the field strength measurements from EKTV in comparison with ITU recommendation for analogue terrestrial television service in band V shows that the quality of reception within Ado-Ekiti metropolis is good. Also, path loss prediction fo...
It is important to understand the impact of physical surroundings on a propagating signal because the propagation characteristics of any radio channel are severely affected by objects that surround the transmitters and the receivers. So, the propagation characteristics limit the performance of in-building high capacity wireless communications. This research work adapted some field strength models that are best suitable for Minna city in Niger State, Nigeria. This is done by optimising some existing field strength models which are: Free space, Hata, ITU-R P.529-3 and ERC Report 68 models to suit Minna city using a VHF television signal of Nigeria Television Authority (NTA), Minna. This station transmits at a frequency of 210.25 MHz for video signal. The signal levels of the transmitted signal were taken along five radial routes from the transmitting station using a digital signal level meter and the corresponding distances were also measured using Global Positioning System (GPS). Data processing and computation were carried out using MATLAB. The results obtained show that the Hata model gives a more accurate prediction for field strength in Minna city after general modification with the correction factor of 3.08 and Root Mean Square Error of 6.35 dBµV/m.
The ability to predict the minimum power a transmitter must radiate to give an acceptable quality of coverage over a predetermined service area is very imperative. This work adapted some field strength models that are best suitable for Makurdi city in Benue State, Nigeria. Some existing field strength models are optimised to suit Makurdi city using a VHF television signal of Nigeria Television Authority (NTA), Makurdi. The models are free space, Hata, ITU-R P.529-3 and ERC Report 68 models. NTA, Makurdi transmits at a frequency of 210.25 MHz for video signal. Measurement of the video signal levels was done along four radial routes from the transmitting station. A digital signal level meter and Global Positioning System (GPS) was used to measure the signal level of the transmitted signal from the station along these routes and to measure the corresponding distances away from the base of the transmitting antenna respectively. The results obtained, after processing and computation of t...
Development of a reliable path-loss model for FM broadcast reception in office locations
Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics
This paper proposes for the development of a path-loss model to improve the accuracy in predicting the signal level in office locations for the reception of FM broadcast. Identifying the factors that affect the signal level and eventually developing a model to predict the signal inside buildings will guide engineers in designing a broadcast system. A properly designed broadcast system will ensure optimum signal penetration in these listening areas. Further, the developed model can find applications in policy-making on the regulation of FM broadcast stations, both for analog and digital radio systems. Signal level measurements from three FM broadcast stations have been made inside eight office rooms in De La Salle University-Manila. With the three stations utilizing circularly polarized transmitting antennas, the measurements aim to determine the signal levels of the horizontal and vertical components of the received signal. These measured levels are used to determine the effects on ...
2013
The mobile radio channel places strong limitations on the performance of wireless communication systems because the transmission principle in wireless communication is more complex than those of the wired networks. In this paper we discuss the radio propagation with an objective to provide an overview of various characteristics of radio channel and an understanding of the process and factors that influences these characteristics. Section I describe a typical outdoor scenario for terrestrial mobile radio channel and principle causes of information loss (multipath fading). Section II presents the various radio channel characteristics like path loss which is used to denote the local average received signal power relative to the transmit power and helps in providing the information on coverage area. Other higher order statistical characteristics such as level crossing rate (lcr) and average duration of fade (adf), which relates the time rate of change of the received signal to the signa...