Assessment of water quality status of river Kopili, in Karbi Anglong district of Assam using water quality index (original) (raw)
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Applied Water Science, 2016
The Kolong River of Nagaon district, Assam has been facing serious degradation leading to its current moribund condition due to a drastic human intervention in the form of an embankment put across it near its takeoff point from the Brahmaputra River in the year 1964. The blockage of the river flow was adopted as a flood control measure to protect its riparian areas, especially the Nagaon town, from flood hazard. The river, once a blooming distributary of the mighty Brahmaputra, had high navigability and rich riparian biodiversity with a well established agriculturally productive watershed. However, the present status of Kolong River is highly wretched as a consequence of the post-dam effects thus leaving it as stagnant pools of polluted water with negligible socioeconomic and ecological value. The Central Pollution Control Board, in one of its report has placed the Kolong River among 275 most polluted rivers of India. Thus, this study is conducted to analyze the seasonal water quality status of the Kolong River in terms of water quality index (WQI). The WQI scores shows very poor to unsuitable quality of water samples in almost all the seven sampling sites along the Kolong River. The water quality is found to be most deteriorated during monsoon season with an average WQI value of 122.47 as compared to pre-monsoon and postmonsoon season having average WQI value of 85.73 and 80.75, respectively. Out of the seven sampling sites, Hatimura site (S1) and Nagaon Town site (S4) are observed to be the most polluted sites.
Assessment of Water Quality Index of the Kolong River of Nagaon District of Assam, India
The objective of the study is to analyze the Water Quality Index (WQI) and analysis of variations of Water Quality Index parameters along the Kolong River,Nagaon, Assam, after the breaching of Hatimura dyke in 2017. WQI provides a single number that expresses overall water quality at a certain location and time based on several water quality parameters.The objective of a WQI is to turn complex water quality data into information that is understandable and useable by the public.Kolong River flows through the heart of the Nagaon urban area dividing the town into Nagaon and Haiborgaon in Assam.The blockage of the river flow was adopted as a flood control measure to protect its riparian areas, especially the Nagaon town, from flood hazard. So, Hatimura dyke was constructed across the river " s takeoff point near Hatimura in 1964. The river, once a blooming distributary of the mighty Brahmaputra, had high navigability and rich riparian biodiversity with agriculturally productive watershed. However, the present status of Kolong River is highly wretched as a consequence of the post-dam effects thus leaving it as stagnant pools of polluted waterwith negligible socioeconomic and ecological value. But in August 2017, due to heavy flood the Hatimura dyke was breached and the breach allowed floodwaters to flow in through Kolongriver. In this study, river samples were collected and analyzed from twelve different study sites during March 2018 to April 2018, i.e. in pre monsoon period covering the entire river to study the after effect of floodwater in the Kolongriver. The physico-chemical parameter of water such as Iron, Ammonia and Bacteria were analyzed. The calculation of Water Quality Index was done by using Weighted Arithmetic Index Method. The WQI value of these samples ranges from 58.87-216.53, which shows that water in all the sites are unsuitable for drinking. Thus, river needs proper treatment to conserve this water body from future contamination and pollutions.
STUDIES ON THE PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PARAMETERS OF KAPILI RIVER, RANI IN KAMRUP DISTRICT OF ASSAM (INDIA
IJRAR, 2018
Water is the most precious natural resources available in the Universe and life is impossible without water. The demand for good quality water has increased with the increasing development in the human community. Earlier non-turbidity and free flow of water were the only parameters concern but with the growth of populations there has been an increase in global attention focused on resolving water quality issues. According to Agarwal & Narain (2004), it is the the World's poor that are most affected by 'Ecological poverty' in the form of inadequate supplies of good quality water.Water is vital for the survival of organisms. Human depends on water to fulfill a variety of needs. These includes water for drinking, health and sanitation as part of human traditions. The improper management of water resources has led to an increase in their degradation in quality assessing the quality of water is an essential process in the development of water resources. Water quality may be defined in terms of specific characteristic of water that are important with regards to a certain service (Tchobanoglous & Schroeder,1987). These characteristics are usually defined as physical, chemical and biological parameters. The Kapili river is located at Rani; which exist about 20 kilometers south from Guwahati in the state of Assam. The area covers with lots of Sal and a reserved forest like Rani Reserve Forest with 3770 hac of land ahich boasts of the Kapili waterfalls. It is a hilly terrain area. The preliminary study, it is revealed that the water parameter of Kapili river is not remain constant in different months. It is due to industrial effect. The impact of trace element in drinking water is usually cumulative and continuous use of such water may be harmful to human as well as other animals. Therefore measurement of the necessary parameters should be analysed periodically to maintain within the permissible limit. I. Introduction: The present study deals with water quality parameters of the river Kapili located in Rani Protected Area in the district of Kamrup. It is an interstate river. The river originates in the Meghalaya plateau and flows through Southern Assam before its confluence with Brahmaputra. The river flows for a total length of 290 kilometers and has a catchment area of 16,420 square kilometers. It contains several spectacular waterfalls which has several deep gorges and rapids in the 120 kilometers of its flow before debouching in the plains at Nagaon district. Water is the most precious natural resources available in the Universe and life is impossible without water. The demand for good quality drinking water has increased with the increasing development in the human community. At the beginning of civilisation, non-turbidity and free flow were the only parameters concern but with the growth of populations there has been an increase in global attention focused on resolving water quality issues. Water is vital for the survivality of organisms. Human depends upon water to fulfill a variety of needs. These includes water for drinking, health and sanitation, recreation and as part of cultural traditions. The improper management of water resources has led to an increase in their degradation. Accoring to Agarwal & Narain(2004), it is the the World's poor that are most affected by 'Ecological poverty' in the form of inadequate supplies of good quality water. Life originated in water and the ultimate basis of it; the protoplasm which is a colloidal solution of complex organic molecule in a watery medium. Most of the biological phenomenon takes place in water. Moreover, where water exists in nature it holds life. So the study of waterbody is the study of life as well. Water is essential to the circulation of body fluids in plants and animals and it stands as the key substance for the existance and continuity of life through reproduction and different cyclic processes in nature. Nature has an innate mechanisms to maintain its purity after every natural use. But it is unable to do at the rate at which modern humans add dirt to it. Nature is unable to know how to tackle with these toxins. Therefore humans are bound to monitor the impact of this activity on natural freshwater continuously. Assessing the quality of water is an essential process in the development of water resources. Water quality may be defined in terms of specific characteristic of water that are important with regards to a certain service(Tchobanoglous &Schroeder,1987). These characteristics are usually defined as physical, chemical and biological parameters. Globally freshwater has become the fastest depleting natural resource nowadays. Only a small percentage of water exists as freshwater and the portion accessible to human is again negligible part of its global stock. So elaborate studies are needed regarding the water management activities of rivers. II. Aims & Objectives i) To analyse the different physico-chemical parameters like pH, amount of dissolve oxygen,carbon-dioxide ,nitrite,chloride,temperature etc.
International Journal of Engineering Research and
Water quality index (WQI) provides a single number that expresses overall water quality at a certain location and time based on several water quality parameters. The objective of a WQI is to turn complex water quality data into information that is understandable and useable by the public. This study was conducted to measure the water quality parameters of the Brahmaputra river in Guwahati city of Kamrup district of the state Assam, India to determine the WQI of the river Brahmaputra. Water quality focuses on various aspects of the physico-chemical parameters by which the quality of the water body can easily be elucidated. Five different locations were selected within the study area. Water samples were collected in March 2017 from these five locations along the river and analyzed for these physico-chemical parameters: Hydrogen ion concentration (pH), Dissolve Oxygen (DO), Biological Oxygen Demand (BOD), Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Ammoniacal Nitrate (AN) and Suspended Solids (SS). The values of these parameters were used to calculate the WQI based on the equation derived by the Department of Environment (DoE) Malaysia. The WQI was found to be 61.71, which falls in the class IV category.
Water Chemistry of Kolong River, Assam, India and Management Strategies
Regular Issue, 2019
Kolong river which is located in Nagaon district of Assam, India is among the 275 most polluted rivers in India, according to a report of the Central Pollution Control Board, Government of India. The rise in pollution with respect to rivers over the last few decades due to their incredible importance in several human uses as well as a medium for provision of ecosystem services all over the world. The present investigation was carried out for a period of four seasons, namely, Pre-monsoon, Monsoon, Retreating Monsoon and Winter for the year 2017. Samples of water from two sites of the River Kolong, namely, Site I (Jakhalabandha) and Site II (Nagaon Town), were collected and analysed. The physico-chemical parameters such as water temperature, pH, Conductivity, Alkalinity, Transparency, Hardness, Chloride, Magnesium, Phosphate, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) were evaluated. Observations imply that the water quality in Site II was poor and unfit for drinking, compared to Site I. The present study also includes a discussion on the economic implications of Kolong's water quality and the strategies for its management. The study finally emphasizes that state intervention and people's participation is essential for maintaining and preserving the ecological health of the Kolong river in its pristine state.
Water Quality Status Based on Physicochemical Parameters of Some Rivers in West Bengal, India
Sanjay Dey , 2022
Various industries water seriously affect river water as it directly falls in the river. WHO indicates that the effects of pollution are an indicator of the quality of water. Water quality indicates that river water is deteriorated by many organic contaminants. Domestic wastes, irrigation are other causes of river pollution. West Bengal has many rivers. Bhagirathi Hooghly is a prime river. Some important rivers are Teesta, Damodar, Rupnarayan, Ajay, Mayurakshi. Periodic evaluation of water quality is necessary for improving water. To maintain water quality, monitoring programs must be essential. The Pollution status of water is mainly measured by WQI. This paper shows the water quality parameters of Rivers in West Bengal.
Water quality evaluation of Himalayan Rivers of Kumaun region, Uttarakhand, India
Applied Water Science, 2014
Water quality of Himalayan rivers has been steadily deteriorating over several decades due to anthropogenic activities, dumping of treated or untreated effluents, poor structured sewerage and drainage system, etc. In the present study, the water quality of five important rivers namely, Gola, Kosi, Ramganga, Saryu and Lohawati rivers were investigated which flow through the different districts of Kumaun region of Uttarakhand Himalaya. The water of all these rivers serves as the major source for drinking and irrigation purposes in these districts of the Kumaun region of Uttarakhand. River water samples collected in premonsoon and post-monsoon seasons of the years 2011 and 2012 were analyzed for various water quality characteristics. Statistical analyses indicate positive correlation among most of the chemical parameters. Piper diagram illustrates that all the water samples fall in Ca-Mg-HCO 3 hydrochemical facies, Moreover, the suitability of water for drinking purposes determined by water quality index indicated that river water in both the seasons is unsuitable. Irrigation water quality of all the river water was found suitable during both the seasons according to the result of sodium adsorption ratio, sodium percentage and residual sodium carbonate. The present study revealed that major factors contributing to deterioration of water quality of all the rivers might be eutrophication, tourism, anthropogenic and geogenic processes. Therefore, to restore the vitality and water quality of all these rivers, proper water resource planning programme should be developed.
The environmental quality is greatly focused on water because of its importance in maintaining the human health and health of the ecosystems. The Water Quality Index (WQI) is an arithmetic tool used to transform large water quality data into a single number which represents the water quality level for human consumption. In the present study (April 2012 to March 2013), surface water samples in summer, monsoon and winter seasons were collected at three sampling sites in the Budhi Gandak River near Khagaria for assessment of river water quality. The water quality variables analyzed for assessment of river water quality included temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, total hardness (TH), dissolved oxygen (DO ), total alkalinity (TA), phosphate (PO4-P), nitrate (NO3-N) and chloride (Cl¯). The results indicated that most of the physico-chemical parameters were within the WHO limits (1998) and BIS: 10500(2004-2005) for drinking water except turbidity values which exceeded (18.55- 58.37 NTU) the maximum permissible limit of Indian standards at all the three sites in all the three seasons (except site II value during winter). The seasonal water quality data showed the pH in the range of 6.9-7.3, DO in the range of 4.9-8.71 mg/L and total hardness in the range of 187.5-246.0 mg/L. A water quality index was calculated considering relative weights of 9 water quality parameters following the calculation method prescribed by Ramakrishnaiah et al., 2009 and Gebrehiwot et al., 2011. WQI were in the range of good category (63.45-87.35) in summer and winter seasons at each site and in the range of poor category in monsoon season almost at all the three sites. KEY WORDS : River Budhi Gandak, Water Quality, WQI
Study of some water quality parameters of Kolong riverine system of Nagaon, India
The Clarion- International Multidisciplinary Journal, 2012
The study was carried out for a period of two seasons (Pre-monsoon) and that of the (Post-monsoon) in the year 2011. Samples of water from two sites of the River Kolong in Nagaon District of Assam, India, were analysed. The physico chemical parameters such as pH, conductivity (EC), Alkalinity, Total suspended solids (TSS), Hardness, Chloride, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) and COD etc were evaluated. The river is subjected to severe domestic and sewage pollution at two selected sites of Nagaon town, Assam, India. At sampling site I and II physicochemical parameters were not found to be within the safe limits of drinking water as prescribed by World Health Organization W.H.O. (1984). The present studies indicate increase in water pollution levels in the River Kolong due to discharge of various types of waste water, sewage and effluents.