Unidades de tradução adotadas na formação terminológica persa (original) (raw)
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Units of translation adopted in Persian term-formation
Tradterm
Two trends exist for Persian term-formation. In the first method known as calquing, words are rendered morpheme by morpheme. Thus, the unit of translation (UT) is a morpheme. In the second method known as conceptual equivalent-finding, the definitions of words are considered and the UT is a word. The present study was designed to identify which of the two UTs was more favored in Persian term-formation. To this end, 40 English prefixes were studied in 2354 English words together with their Persian equivalents approved by the Academy of Persian Language and Literature (APLL) as the official term-formation agency in Iran. It was noticed that calquing was more frequent, i.e. morphemes were more frequently considered as UTs. Moreover, strategies of translating prefixes were introduced and examined in both methods. In conceptual method, prefixes were ignored and not translated morpheme by morpheme. However, in calquing, English prefixes were translated into Persian prefixes or lexemes.
2013
Abstract The present study aimed at investigating the different strategies applied by Iranian translators to Persian translation of the neologism created in Persian Academy words. To begin with, four volumes out of eight volumes of Persian Academy translation were selected randomly. To do so, some one-thousand words containing English to Persian translations were selected randomly and all of the neologisms created in them were collected and classified based on Newmark's (1988) typology of neologisms. Each neologism was paired with its Persian equivalent provided by corresponding Iranian translators. The Persian equivalents were analyzed on the basis of Newmark's (ibid.) model for the translation of neologisms. The Findings indicated that the selected Iranian translators used twelve different strategies only ten of which have been mentioned in Newmark's (ibid.) model. The “literal translation” was the most frequently used strategy and the least frequently one was “borrowing”. Applying the Chi-square test, it was also found that ten strategies have been used in a way that their frequencies were of statistical significance. Moreover, the analyses revealed that the model in question was applicable to Persian translation of the neologisms created in Persian Academy words.
An Evaluation Of Word Formation In The Translation Of English Medical Terms Into Persian
2016
Kajian ini merupakan satu analisis perbandingan ciri-ciri istilah perubatan bahasa Inggeris, menggunakan garis panduan penamaan universal dan prinsip penamaan tempatan dalam bahasa Parsi. This study provides a comparative analysis of the characteristics of Persian medical terms, using the universal naming guidelines and local naming principles in Persian
Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Fourth Edition, 2018
Lack of appropriate equivalences for terms or technical words is the result of ineffective translation guidelines adopted in the translation process. This study provides a comparative analysis of the characteristics of Persian medical terms, using the universal naming guidelines and local naming principles in Persian. The aim of the study is to determine the similarities and differences of the compatible and incompatible terms (Persian equivalents) with respect to the applied translation procedures and the employed word formation processes. The descriptive statistics and qualitative analysis were employed to analyse the collected data which consisted of a population of 339 English medical terms and their pairs in Persian. The research was based on two theoretical frameworks, namely Sager's naming criteria and word designation principles by the Persian Language and Literature Academy to investigate the effective translation procedures and word formation parameters for the transla...
A Multifaceted Approach to the Translation of Collocations from English to Persian
Applied Linguistics Research Journal, 2018
The study set out to scrutinize the translation of Verb-Noun and Adjective-Noun collocations from English into Persian from different perspectives. The causes of mistranslation of collocations, procedures employed in translating collocations and the effect of context in translating collocations constitute the main perspectives of this study. For this purpose, two translation tasks including 20 verb-noun and adjective-noun collocations each, one in context and the other out of context, were given to 20 Iranian BA English Translation students. Vinay and Darbelnet (1958) and Newmark's (1988) translation models were adopted as the main theoretical frameworks of the study. The results showed that literal translation in task 1 (i.e. collocations in context) and restricted collocational competence in task 2 (i.e. collocations out of context) were the main causes of mistranslation of collocations. The findings also revealed that equivalence, literal translation, and transposition were the most conspicuous procedures in translating collocations in both tasks 1 and 2. The result of paired sample t-test signified the outperformance of subjects in translating collocations in context to those of out of context. article citation Haghighi, H. & Hemmati, F. (2018). A multifaceted approach to the translation of collocations from English to Persian, Applied Linguisics Research Journal, 2(2), 8-25.
English-Persian Word Formation with an Eye on Culture and Thought Effects
2012
This research aims to introduce culture and thought -within Whorfian hypothesis-of the target language to EFL learners and helps them get a deeper idea over the root and reference of words and thereby keep them longer in memory. To test the hypothesis Orwell’s Animal Farm was chosen along with two translations in Persian as well as a Persian short story titled Ahu-ye Kuhi . Required data were extracted from the aforesaid books with no sampling procedure applied but the whole books were taken into consideration. The researchers made use of syntactic discussions like grammatical gender in addition to semantic domains like colors, planets, flowers, religion, and others in a contrastive way. Any word signaling one of these domains was highlighted and analyzed through examples. The domains revealed a high rate of effect on the formation of words both in English and Persian with basic changes in between. It was concluded that the roles of thought and cultural domains on the vocabulary sys...
Lexical Features of Interlingual Homonyms in Modern Persian, Dari and Tajik
Journal of History Culture and Art Research, 2019
The relevance of the researched problem is caused by the need to study the lexical features of the modern Persian, Dari and Tajik languages, and to show students of a real linguistic situation when studying the Persian language. The aim of the article is to consider the lexical features of interlingual homonyms in modern Persian, Dari and Tajik. The leading approach in the studying of this issue is a problem-thematic approach. The study of interlingual homonyms in terms of their features and the review of the situations in which they are used in the Persian and Tajik languages shows the possible approaches to the description of their semantics. This is a new direction in the modern Persian lexicography, which is of a great scientific benefit. The submissions of this article may be useful in the teaching of the modern Persian, Tajik, Dari languages as well as when lecturing on the lexicology and dialectology of Persian, Tajik, Dari.
A topic of paramount significance, yet underdeveloped in Translation Studies, is official translation. A fundamental problem that seems hazardous to the quality of official translation is deviant collocational structures produced by translators. Since official translationhas a highly significant stylistic and pragmatic part, any collocational errors can considerably affect the validity and readability of translations. The present researchaims tooffer a systematic study on the sources of collocationerrors made by certified translators. To do this, official texts and documents translated by the certified translators working at a number of translation bureaus of Shiraz, Iran, were investigated. The data collected were categorized according to Lie's model of error analysis, while the theoretical basis of the study was founded upon the assumptions of Functionalist linguistics. A statistical analysis of the data collected was also included. The findingsprovide some implications that can inspire future research both for the purpose of confirmation or exploration of newfindings.
On Persian Language and Linguistics
Iranian Studies, 2010
This special issue is a product of the seventh biennial conference of the International Society for Iranian Studies (ISIS) that was held from 31 July to 3 August 2008, in Toronto, Canada. The first drafts of most of the articles published in this special issue were presented at the conference. The articles focus on different aspects of Persian language and linguistics: from lexicography and sociolinguistics to theoretical and applied linguistics. Before we turn to a brief review of the content of this issue, we express our appreciation to many individuals. First and foremost, we are grateful to the authors of the articles. We are thankful to the organizers, students and volunteers of the seventh biennial meeting of ISIS for their support and encouragement. We are also indebted to Dr. Homa Katouzian, the editor-in-chief of the journal Iranian Studies, for providing us the opportunity to have a special issue on Persian language and linguistics in Iranian Studies for the first time. In the first article, Mohammad Reza Bateni discusses the challenges of collocations and idioms in natural languages for second language learners, lexicographers and translators. Bateni starts his discussion with the definition of a collocation. A collocation is a sequence of words which co-occur more often than would be expected by chance. Collocations impose constraints on how words can be used together and they have two features: non-substitutability and non-modifiability. By presenting more than fifteen patterns of English collocations, Bateni shows various kinds of the constraints in collocations. For example, the adjectives white or live lost their real meaning when they collocate with nouns such as white wine and live music. Furthermore, in Persian, the adjectives (pahn) and (ariz) are usually considered synonyms but they cannot be used interchangeably. For example, we use (damaˆq-e pahn) but we can NOT use (damaˆq-e ariz). In the case of idioms, Bateni shows that in addition to two common features of collocations, i.e., nonsubstitutability and non-modifiability, idioms have a non-compositionality feature too. Non-compositionality refers to the fact that the meaning of an
As terminology and modern neologisms are the main theme of this paper, it is worth mentioning that the key to understanding any piece of information is to know the terminology it counts. Terminology is an essential compound of information transfer. Today, English maintains itself as the language of science and technology worldwide whereas Arabic, which was the language of science and technology during the middle ages, is trying to resume its position in order to regain its role in disseminating civilization and to take advanced steps towards modern science and technology. The main aim of this paper is to investigate the applicability of some methods put forward d by early Arab grammarians to create and introduce new Arabic terms in order to cope with the modern terminologies which are being created almost every day. The study is based on a comparative study between these methods, derivation, arabicization, blending, to see their workability and suitability in handling the problem of finding Arabic equivalents of foreign terms. The results showed that each methods could play its role in solving the inevitable penetration of foreign terms which created almost every day by creating and introducing the most appropriate Arabic counterparts of such terms.