Menopausal Problems and Its Determinants: A Comparative Study in Western Odisha, India (original) (raw)
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Menopausal Problems Among Rural and Urban Women From Eastern India
2009
The present study sought to examine variations in menopausal characteristics between rural and urban women and the ways in which these characteristics could be predicted from differential sociodemographic variables related to the residential status. Data on sociodemographic variables, reproductive history, and menopausal symptoms were collected from 180 postmenopausal women (rural 110; urban 70) belonging to the Bengali-speaking Hindu ethnic group
Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences, 2018
This study aims to explore the influence of demographic characteristics on menopausal problems among rural and urban middle aged women. The subjects were 160 rural and urban middle-aged women were studied during 2015-16. The women who attained menopause and belonging to 40-55 years age range were selected from 8 villages of 4 talukas of Dharwad and Bagalkote Districts. The self-structured interview schedule was used to elicit the information regarding general information, history of menopause, effects of menopause, care and management of menopause. It consists of 29 questions, categorized as low, medium and high. The menopausal problems were measured by using Menopause Rating Scale (MRS) developed by Barlin (1992) with 11 items. The responses on each item was scored as 0-4 as none to very severe. SES (Socio Economic Status) scale developed by Agarwal et al. (2005) was used to assess the socioeconomic status of family. The results revealed that 49.37% of respondents aged between 51-55 years, 55% of the belonged to OBC category, 80% of women were housewife and 68.15% were belonged to middle SES. 15% and 27.50% of the women reported high knowledge in rural and urban women respectively. In Dharwad, among rural women 60% respondents reported moderate menopausal problems and 27.50% were had severe problems. While among urban, half (50%) of the participants pointed out they had moderate menopausal problems followed by 37.50% had mild problems. In Bagalkote district, 50% of rural women had moderate and 35% of the respondents had severe menopausal problems. In case of urban women, 57.50% of women had moderate followed by 27.50% suffering from mild menopausal problems. The age, SES and education were negatively significantly associated with menopausal problems and occupation was positively highly significantly associated with menopausal problems. Concluded that there is need of education and empowering of women to overcome menopausal problems.
Menopausal Symptoms and Its Correlates: A Study on Tribe and Caste Population of East India
Present study aimed to compare the incidence of menopausal problems and concomitants between tribe and caste population. This cross section study was conducted in five villages of West Bengal, a state in the eastern part of India. This study was conducted between two different ethnic groups-one of the "Particularly Vulnerable Tribal Groups (PTG)" of India named as "Lodha" and the other was a Bengali speaking caste population. A total number of 313 participants were finally recruited for this study. Study participants were married, had at least one child, had no major gynaecological problems, and had stopped menstrual bleeding spontaneously for at least 1 year. Additionally, data on sociodemographic status and menstrual and reproductive history were collected using a pretested questionnaire/schedule. Bivariate analyses (chi square test) revealed that significantly more number of caste participants suffered from urinary problems than their tribe counterpart. The reverse trend has been noticed for the frequency of vaginal problems. Multivariate analyses (binary logistic regression) show that sociodemographic variables and menstrual and reproductive history of the present study participants seem to be the concomitants of menopausal symptoms. Tribe and caste study population significantly differed with respect to the estrogen deficient menopausal problems and the concomitants to these problems.
Medico-social dimensions of menopause: A cross-sectional study from rural south India
The National medical journal of India
The quality of life of the increasing ageing population is becoming an important issue in India. There are very little data on the effect of menopause on women, especially from rural India. A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted on perceptions regarding menopause, prevalence of menopausal symptoms and association of family environmental factors with menopausal symptoms among 100 postmenopausal and 100 premenopausal rural women in south India. Fifty-seven per cent of postmenopausal women perceived menopause as convenient. Sixty-nine per cent of them complained of diminishing abilities after menopause. Twenty-three per cent felt that sexual life ends with the onset of menopause. Sixteen per cent reported that their husbands had become disinterested in them after menopause and I1% were apprehensive about the loss of femininity. A higher proportion of postmenopausal women reported hot flushes, night sweats, urge incontinence and other somatic symptoms as compared to prem...
Journal of South Asian Federation of Obstetrics and Gynaecology
Background Menopause is a natural process that results in atresia of almost all oocytes in ovaries, causing an increase in follicle-stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone levels and a decrease in estrogen levels. Menopausal symptoms impact physical, psychological, vasomotor, and sexual health-related quality of life among women. Aim and objective The study was planned with the aim to assess the commonly reported menopausal symptoms among rural women of Central India, Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, using the menopause rating scale (MRS). Materials and methods An observational cross-sectional study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Atal Bihari Vajpayee Memorial Medical College Rajnandgaon, Chhattisgarh, for a period of 6 months. In all, 199 patients who had attained menopause were analyzed. Menopausal symptoms were assessed using modified MRS). Quantitative data were presented as frequencies and percentages by using SPSS version 21. Results Two hundred Q...
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2011
Background: With the growing aged population in the country, postmenopausal health problems and needs are likely to become a great challenge to public health. This is more so related to the women with poor social background like those residing in rural areas. Material & Methods: Design: Cross-sectional study, Participants: 147 post-menopausal women residing in Piparia village of Vadodara district were involved in the study, based on sample size calculation and necessary assumptions. Information was filled up in a pre-tested questionnaire. Objective: To study the social and demographic characteristics of the post-menopausal women in rural areas of Vadodara district, Gujarat. Results: Among a total of 147 respondents, the mean age was 58.32 (48-68) years, while the mean age of inception of menopause was 47.74 (44.84-50.64) years. Labor work (n=37, 25.2%) was the most common occupation. Among all the respondents, 98.5% belonged to social class 4 or below, 18.4% were widow and 40% were below poverty line (BPL). 74.8% were not literate and 42.9% were dependent on their children for daily living. Conclusion: Rural post-menopausal women in India suffer many social disadvantages which could make them more vulnerable to experience more frequent and more severe of menopausal symptoms. Along with geriatric care, this special group of women also needs a separate focus for health care provision.
National Journal of Community Medicine, 2016
Background: The word menopause literally means cessation of menstrual cycle. It is derived from Greek word ‘Meno’ or month and ‘pausis’ means a pause or cessation. A variety of physiological changes takes place in the body, some of these are the result of cessation of ovarian function and related menopause events while others are a function of the ageing process. This study was done to determine the average age at menopause and to study menopause associated health problem in them. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in the Rural field practice area of K.S. Hegde medical academy, Natekal from Jan 2013-Dec 2013. Results: Mean age at menopause was found to be 45.32 with SD of +/-2.79. Muscle and join pain (39.25%), vasomotor symptoms (21%), urological symptoms (20.5%), vulvovaginal symptoms (19.25%).Hot flashes were experienced more by postmenopausal women (64%) as compared to perimenopausal women (36%). Conclusion: Menopausal symptoms are either ignored or not spoke of. It is suggested that establishment of menopausal clinic within the current primary health care system can centralize attention to menopausal women and their needs.
Age at natural menopause and menopausal symptoms among rural women of Amritsar ( Punjab )
2014
Background: To study the median/mean age at natural menopause and menopausal symptoms among rural females of district Amritsar (Punjab). Materials and Methods: In the present study, 100 post-menopausal women ranging in age from 40-60 years were included. Median age was calculated by probit analysis and mean age by recall method. A pre-tested questionnaire was used for studying menopause and symptoms associated with menopause. The data was presented as percentage. Results: Median/mean age at natural menopause among rural women was found to be 48.86 ±2.12/49.95 ±3.12 years. In the present study, the most frequently reported menopausal symptoms were aching in muscles and joints (88.75%), fatigue (81.25%), decrease in physical strength (75.00%) and aches in head and neck (62.50%). Conclusion: Median age at menopause in rural females of Amritsar was lower than the females of developed countries but higher than the other Punjabi populations. In this study, a majority of females (80%) repo...
International journal of applied & basic medical research, 2020
Background:Demographic and epidemiological transitions have increased the life expectancy of middle aged women, resulting in higher burden of morbidities related to menopausal symptoms and also effect the quality of life (QOL).Objectives:To study the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and its effect on QOL among rural middle aged women (40–60 years) of Haryana, India.Materials and Methods:A community based cross-sectional study was conducted in 400 middle aged women (40–60 years) from April 2018 to March 2019 by random sampling technique. The menopause rating scale was used to assess the prevalence of menopausal symptoms and the QOL and data were collected for sociodemographic factors, relevant menstrual history and other variables.Results:Prevalence of menopausal symptoms was found to be 87.7%. Majority of the study subjects had anxiety (80%), followed by physical and mental exhaustion (71.5%), sleep problem (61.2%), irritability (60.7%), Joint and muscular discomfort (56%) and heart problems (54%). The most classical symptom of menopause i.e., hot flushes were reported in 36.7%. The mean age of menopause was 47.53 standard deviation 4.5 years. Statistical significant difference was seen for the mean score of few symptoms i.e., hot flushes, sweating (P < 0.003) and joint and muscular discomfort (P < 0.014) between post and peri-menopausal groups. The QOL was impaired in 70.2% of study subjects. The psychological symptoms attributed 70.8% to the poor QOL.Conclusion:To improve the QOL and to decrease the menopausal symptoms in these women, a holistic approach in the form of lifestyle and behavioral modification are required.