Promotion of in vitro Pollen Germination of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba by Stigmatic Exudate of Vigna catjung (original) (raw)
Related papers
Plant Science Letters
Significant improvement of the in vitro pollen growth of Cyamopsis tetragonoloba was obtained by addition of stigmatic exudate and extracts of stigmas and styles of Cajanus ca]an to the basal medium consisting of optimal concentrations of sucrose, calcium and boron. However, addition of extracts of whole pistils and ovaries inhibited markedly both pollen germination and tube growth. Very poor germination was observed in vivo after cross pollinating the stigmas of Ca]anus with Cyarnopsis pollen. The probable causes for promotion or inhibition of pollen growth are discussed.
Theoretical and Applied Genetics, 1983
Mature, self-incompatible stigmas exposed to cycloheximide for 2 h prior to pollination supported identical germination and growth of both cross and self pollen. Treatment of self-pollinated pistils with cycloheximide resulted in the germination of hitherto inactive pollen after some 2-4h. Pollen germination and initial tube growth in an in vitro germination medium were not significantly affected by cycloheximide. A continuous synthesis of stigmatic proteins is therefore essential for the operation of the self-incompatibility (S.I.) system. However, light-microscope autoradiography of stigmas fed with L-[ 3 H]leucine prior to pollination revealed no movement of stigmatic proteins into the pollen, independent of the compatibility of the pollen with respect to the stigma. Further, tunicamycin, when applied in the same way as cycloheximide, had no effect on the S.I. system. These results are discussed in terms of the proposed cycling of proteins in the'papillar cell wall and the involvement of a stigmatic glycoprotein in the S.I. response. Light microscope autoradiography Pistils were supplied with L-[ 3 H]leucine as described previously (Roberts et al. 19836), chased in cold L-leucine for 16 h, cross and self-pollinated, and left for periods of 1, 2 and 3 h. The stigmas
The role of the exine coating in pollen-stigma interactions in Brassica oleracea L
New Phytologist, 1990
When the dehydrated pollen grain of Brassica oleracea L. alights on a receptive stigma the pollen coat flows out from the exine to form an appresoria-like ‘foot’ and, within a matter of some 30 min, gross ultrastructural changes become visible both within the protoplast and in the foot itself. These changes are interpreted as reflecting the limited movement of water, and presumably other materials, from the stigma to the grain. The compatible pollen grain then continues to take up water, whilst undergoing other cytoplasmic changes and eventually producing the pollen tube. The tube grows from the colpus towards the point of contact with the stigma, beneath which the outer layer of the papillar wall has become more loosely packed. The pollen tube enters the wall at this point and, as a consequence of its rapid extension, the grain is frequently lifted away from the papilla. The tube then grows between two layers of the pectocellulosic papillar wall into the stigmatic parenchyma, where it follows an intercellular route. These events are discussed in terms of current views of the relationship between male and female cells at these early stages of the pollen stigma interaction.
In vitro pollen germination ijgpb 2013
In vitro pollen germination is the most widely used technique for testing the viability of pollen grains in breeding programs . The cultivated pigeonpea is endowed with a wealth of wild species in the genus Cajanus which includes 32 species . However, only 12 wild species produced hybrids with pigeonpea .Presence of strong incongruity barriers prevents the realization of hybrids with pigeonpea [4]. In vitro pollination/ fertilization is one of the method of overcoming crossability barriers for which in vitro pollen germination medium is a prerequisite.
In vitro POLLEN VIABILITY, GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBE GROWTH IN SOME
2016
Abstract. In this study in vitro pollen viability and germination in intact pollens and pol-len tube growth in germinated pollens of five common pomegranate cultivars grown in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina was investigated first time. Pollen viability varied from 36.73 % (cv. Konjski Zub) to 51.80 % (cv. Barski) in fluorescent diacetat (FDA) test. The average pollen germination percentages were found as the lowest 6.83 % in cv. Kon-jski Zub and the highest 42.51 % in cv Glavas. Among the germination media in general 0.2 agar + 10 % sucrose+5 ppm H3BO3 gave better results to obtain higher pollen germina-tion for all cultivars. In germinated pollens of these five cultivars, significant differences were observed on pollen tube length. Average pollen tube lengths in germinated pollens of five cultivars were measured as minimum 302 μm in cv. Konjski Zub and as maximum 344 μm in cv. Ciparski. The results showed that there were obvious differences in pollen germinability among cultiva...
New Phytologist, 1992
Interaction between the pollen grain, pollen tube and the stigma surface has been studied in five species regarded as possessing dry stigma surfaces; Brassica oleracea L., Arabidopsis thaliana (L.), Heynh, Papaver rhoeas L., Cosmos bipinnatus Cav. and Helianthus annuus L.In B. oleracea and A. thaliana, stigmatic response to pollination includes events in the papillar cytoplasm and changes to the stigmatic surface beneath the grain. In particular a specialized outer element of the cell wall expands prior to pollen tube penetration. The pollen tube, which enters through a ‘foot’ of pollen coating, grows in a space generated between an inner and the outer element of the wall and extends to the base of the papilla where it enters the middle lamellae of the subjacent cell layer. However, in A. thaliana tubes frequently were seen to penetrate all components of the stigmatic cell wall, an event only previously recorded in immature stigmas of B. oleracea. In self pollinations of self-incompatible B. oleracea involving strong S (incompatibility) alleles no changes take place in the papillar cell wall.In P. rhoeas the stigmatic surface responds to self and cross pollination by the secretion of electron-lucent material beneath the cuticle, causing it to become detached from the outer surface of the stigmatic cell wall. The pollen tubes then penetrate the cuticle and grow towards the base of the papilla in the space thus generated. The tubes continue to grow intercellularly in the transmitting tissue which lies horizontally in rays beneath the papillae.In members of the Compositae, C. bipinnatus and H. annuus, both stigma and pollen respond to pollination by producing copious quantities of an electron-opaque matrix, which frequently causes individual papillae to adhere together. Pollen tubes, which are formed following both compatible and incompatible intraspecific pollinations, grow into this matrix and toward the base of the papillae. There, in common with the other plants studied, they grow intercellularly and enter the transmitting tissue of the style.These findings are discussed in the light of current views of the mechanisms operating during angiosperm pollination and of the significance of the stigmatic response to the functioning of self-incompatibility mechanisms.
The plant stigma exudate: a biochemically active extracellular environment for pollen germination?
Plant signaling & behavior, 2014
During sexual reproduction, pollen performance is greatly influenced by the female tissues. The stigma exudate, i.e., the extracellular secretion that covers the stigma outermost surface, has been usually regarded as a reservoir of water, secondary metabolites, cell wall precursors and compounds that serve as energy supply for rapid pollen tube growth. In an attempt to identify the proteins present in the stigma secretome, we performed a large-scale analysis in two species (Lilium longiflorum and Olea europaea) following a proteomic-based approach. The resulting data strongly suggest that the stigma exudate is not a mere storage site but also a biochemically active environment with a markedly catabolic nature. Thus, this secretion may modulate early pollen tube growth and contribute to the senescence of stigma after pollination. In addition, a putative cross-talk between genetic programs that regulate stress/defense and pollination responses in the stigma is also suggested. The stig...
Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms is an aquatic invasive weed throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world. The plant rarely produces any fruit under natural condition In order to understand the causes of failure of seed set in this plant various aspect of pollen biology were studied. Pollen fertility and pollen viability was assessed using Muntzing' s mixture and in acetic orcein and TTZ, while pollen germination was assessed with different concentrations of sucrose supplemented with boric acid and Ca and Mg salts. The aim of present study was to find out the cause of sexual incompatibility of Eichhornia crassipes (Mart.) Solms. In spite of high pollen fertility, pollen viability and pollen germination the species show hardly any fruit set under natural condition. The abnormal pollen germination like curling of pollen tubes, shrinkage of pollen tube tips and bending of pollen tube might be reasons of sexual incompatibility of this species. It is observed that the taxa required comparatively low sucrose concentration (5%) for their optimal in vitro pollen germination (54.08%). Boric acid to certain extent also influences the in vitro pollen germination (56.2%). In the present investigation the nature of substrate in association with the effect of Boric acid, CaCO 3 , MgSO 4 on the in vitro pollen germination of Eichhornia crassipes is also worked out. However the tested salts show no significant effect on pollen germination in the present study.
2020
Pollen germination is crucial for the process of plant development which strongly depends on the presence of carbohydrates as a primary source of energy. In this study, we analyzed the differential effects of four sugars with varying concentrations on the pollen germination of Vinca rosea Linn. and Cucumis melo var. utilissimus Duth. & Fuller. using Brewbaker and Kwack’s medium as germination medium and hanging drop method after an incubation period of 1h. Sucrose and glucose supported the pollen germination but galactose and fructose did not support and even considerably inhibited the pollen germination of Vinca rosea. Whereas in pollen germination of Cucumis melo var. utilissimus, all the four sugars supported the pollen germination. The study suggests that 15% sucrose, for Vinca rosea, and 12% galactose, for Cucumis melo var. utilissimus, supports in achieving the highest pollen germination percentage when added to the pollen germination medium.
Characteristics of pollen diffusates and pollen-wall cytochemistry inpoplars. J Cell Sci
Journal of Cell Science
Pollen diffusate8, known to be important in pollen-stigma interactions controlling interspecific incompatibility between Populus deltoides and Populus alba, have been partly characterized and shown to contain more than 20 protein bands by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, at least 4 of these being glycoproteins. Seven fractions had antigenic activity in rabbits and several enzyme activities were also present. Peroxidase and leucine aminopeptidase isoenzymes were detected in the diffusates, demonstrating the extracellular location of these 2 enzymes. Isoenzyme patterns of peroxidase, esterase and acid phosphatase were complex, with some bands common to both species. Localization of acid phosphatase in the intine and esterase in the exine was demonstrated after brief aldehyde fixation and low-temperature embedding in glycol methacrylate. The intine and exine sites were distinguished by their chemical and structural features. Calcofluor white M2R new proved to be an excellent stain for differentiating the intine. Aniline blue-positive material, probably /?-i,3-glucan, is present associated with the intine of many ungerminated as well as germinating grains: production of this material may be a response to damage.