Development of high gain GEM detectors (original) (raw)
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Two-dimensional readout of GEM detectors
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 1999
The recently introduced Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) permits the amplification of electrons released by ionizing radiation in a gas by factors approaching ten thousand; larger gains can be obtained combining two GEMs in cascade. We describe methods for implementing two-and three-dimensional projective localization of radiation, with sub-millimeter accuracy, making use of specially manufactured and patterned pickup electrodes. Easy to implement and flexible in the choice of the readout geometry, the technology has the distinctive advantage of allowing all pickup electrodes to be kept at ground potential, thus substantially improving the system simplicity and reliability. Preliminary results demonstrating the two-dimensional imaging capability of the devices are provided and discussed, as well as future perspectives of development.
Development and test of large size GEM detectors
IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 2000
We discuss the main operating features of GEM detectors, optimized for use as trackers in a high radiation environment. The construction, tests and performances of large prototypes for the COMPASS experiment are also described, as well as the results of an exposure to very high intensity beams.
Measurement of basic characteristics and gain uniformity of a triple GEM detector
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment
Large area Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors have been the preferred choice for tracking devices in major nuclear and particle physics experiments. Uniformity over surface of the detector in terms of gain, energy resolution and efficiency is crucial for the optimum performance of these detectors. In the present work, detailed performance study of a 10×10 cm 2 triple GEM detector operated using Ar and CO 2 gas mixtures in proportions of 70:30 and 90:10, has been made by making a voltage scan of the efficiency with 106 Ru-Rh β-source and cosmic rays. The gain and energy resolution of the detector were studied using the X-ray spectrum of 55 Fe source. The uniformity of the detector has been investigated by dividing the detector in 7×7 zones and measuring the gain and energy resolution at the center of each zone. The variations of the gain and energy resolution have been found to be 8.8% and 6.7%, respectively. These studies are essential to characterise GEM detectors before their final use in the experiments.
Effects of high charge densities in multi-GEM detectors
2015 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC), 2015
A comprehensive study, supported by systematic measurements and numerical computations, of the intrinsic limits of multi-GEM detectors when exposed to very high particle fluxes or operated at very large gains is presented. The observed variations of the gain, of the ion back-flow, and of the pulse height spectra are explained in terms of the effects of the spatial distribution of positive ions and their movement throughout the amplification structure. The intrinsic dynamic character of the processes involved imposes the use of a non-standard simulation tool for the interpretation of the measurements. Computations done with a Finite Element Analysis software reproduce the observed behaviour of the detector. The impact of this detailed description of the detector in extreme conditions is multiple: it clarifies some detector behaviours already observed, it helps in defining intrinsic limits of the GEM technology, and it suggests ways to extend them.
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2018
Large area Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors have been the preferred choice for tracking devices in major nuclear and particle physics experiments. Uniformity over surface of the detector in terms of gain, energy resolution and efficiency is crucial for the optimum performance of these detectors. In the present work, detailed performance study of a 10 Â 10 cm 2 triple GEM detector operated using Ar and CO 2 gas mixtures in proportions of 70:30 and 90:10, has been made by making a voltage scan of the efficiency with 106 Ru-Rh β-source and cosmic rays. The gain and energy resolution of the detector were studied using the X-ray spectrum of 55 Fe source. The uniformity of the detector has been investigated by dividing the detector in 7 Â 7 zones and measuring the gain and energy resolution at the centre of each zone. The variations of the gain and energy resolution have been found to be 8.8% and 6.7%, respectively. These studies are essential to characterise GEM detectors before their final use in the experiments.
Characterizations of GEM detector prototype
2015
At NISER-IoP detector laboratory an initiative is taken to build and test Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors for ALICE experiment. The optimisation of the gas flow rate and the long-term stability test of the GEM detector are performed. The method and test results are presented.
Radiation imaging with optically read out GEM-based detectors
Journal of Instrumentation, 2018
2018 JINST 13 T02006 to the common concept of electronic readout of radiation detectors. Outstanding signal-to-noise ratios and robustness against electronic noise allow unprecedented imaging capabilities for various applications in fields ranging from high energy physics to medical instrumentation.
Beam Performance of Tracking Detectors with Industrially Produced GEM Foils
Three Gas-Electron-Multiplier tracking detectors with an active area of 10 cm × 10 cm and a two-dimensional, laser-etched orthogonal strip readout have been tested extensively in particle beams at the Meson Test Beam Facility at Fermilab. These detectors used GEM foils produced by Tech-Etch, Inc. They showed an efficiency in excess of 95% and spatial resolution better than 70 µm. The influence of the angle of incidence of particles on efficiency and spatial resolution was studied in detail.
Characterisations of GEM detector prototype
Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, 2015
At NISER-IoP detector laboratory an initiative is taken to build and test Gas Electron Multiplier (GEM) detectors for ALICE experiment. The optimisation of the gas flow rate and the long-term stability test of the GEM detector are performed. The method and test results are presented.
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