Some prospects of energy savings in buildings (original) (raw)
Related papers
Prospects of energy savings in residential space heating
Energy and Buildings, 2002
This paper presents some insight to the problem of heating of housing in Jordan. Residential space and water heating are dependent particularly upon the combustion of fossil fuels, which thereby contribute significantly to air pollution and the build-up of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere. The results of a recent survey were used to evaluate the energy demand and conservation in Jordanian residential buildings. Space heating accounts for 61% of the total residential energy consumption with kerosene being the most popular fuel used, followed by liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), for heating purposes. Unvented combustion appliances employed to provide space heating produce high levels of combustion by-products that often exceed acceptable concentrations, degraded indoor air quality and cause unnecessary exposure to toxic gases such as carbon monoxide. During 1999, the number of accidents in households due to the use of different energy forms accounted for about 40% of all accidents, except road accidents, in Jordan. In light of the fact that only 5% of dwellings in Jordan have been provided with wall insulation and none employ roof insulation, the overall heat transfer coefficients, and consequently heating loads, were estimated for a typical single house using different constructions for external walls. It is concluded that space heating load can be reduced by about 50%, when economically-viable insulating measures are applied to the building envelopes, i.e. to ceilings and walls. These lead to corresponding reductions in fossil fuels consumption and in emissions of air pollutants.
Optimising Housing Design to Improve Energy Efficiency in Jordan
Sustainable Energy Technologies Conference Proceeding, UK, 2015
Jordan faces an energy crisis aggravated by the limitation of energy resources and coupled with the high dependency on neighbouring countries. In addition, the raise in the country's population has resulted in excessive pressure on the residential sector to hasten housing construction projects resulting in a reduction of quality in favour of speed. A viscous cycle was created in which new buildings with poor thermal performance further exacerbate the energy crisis. Adding to the problem, a significant rise in summer temperatures is anticipated in the near future as a result of climate change, which would result in even more demand for active means of space conditioning. The objective of this research was to assess the thermal performance of a typical residential apartment in Amman, and propose interventions that would help reduce its reliance on mechanical methods of space conditioning during cooling periods. Through dynamic simulation modelling, a parametric analysis was developed involving a number of iterations exploring different fenestration designs and thermal transmittance values for walls. In order to improve the models' accuracy, the results of a longitudinal survey of residents in 145 similar apartments were utilized to inform the simulation assumptions. The survey gathered data on the occupants' thermal perception and behaviour, their socio-economical attributes and the building physical characteristic and use. The authors concluded that small amendments in the design, such as the incorporation of natural ventilation for parts of the year, could enhance the thermal performance up to 45%. The optimum glazing to wall ratio for more energy efficient residential buildings within the context of Jordan was defined as 15% to 20% in all orientations, whereas the thermal transmittance for walls and roofs as 0.13W/m 2 K. The conclusions were proposed as a set of recommendations to help designers to choose optimal building element characteristics and orientation for each function in early design stages.
Improving Energy Efficiency of Multi-Family Apartment Buildings Case of Jordan
International Journal of Energy Economics and Policy, 2021
Saving energy is a high priority in developing countries and several energy-efficient initiatives are being introduced for that purpose. The residential sector is responsible for a big part of the world's energy usage; most of this energy is used in heating, cooling, and artificial ventilation systems. The residential sector in Amman consumes more than 21% of the annual energy consumption, meanwhile multi-family residential apartments occupy more than 60% of that sector. With a view on developing energy-efficient structures, this study provides an overview of building design criteria that can reduce the energy demand for heating and cooling of multi-family apartment residential buildings. These criteria are based on the adoption of suitable parameters for the orientation of the building, shape, envelope system, use of insulation materials, passive heating and cooling mechanisms, setting of cooling and heating thermostat, lighting, and window's ratio and glazing. This experiment measures the effect of these criteria on overall energy demand that reviewed and recommended the best design choices. This is beneficial for professionals in the design phase of energy-efficient multifamily residential buildings and decisions makers. The methodology that is used in the study was represented in field observation and surveys, besides, to use design-builder as a simulation tool to test the assumptions and the design strategies, the results indicate that a 6cm polystyrene insulated walls and roof for a north/west middle floor apartment and WWR ranges from 25 to 30% of double bronze glass will affect greatly in the energy demand.
E3S Web of Conferences
An insulating substance is typically used to reduce the amount of heat that enters buildings with air conditioning from the outside. The heat conductivity of this substance is extremely low. In this scenario, having a cost-effective air conditioning system requires using an appropriate insulation material with the right thickness. Up until a certain point, when the material thickness is optimal and will give the maximum overall energy savings, given that the building industry accounts for roughly 40% of worldwide energy consumption and is the greatest producer of greenhouse gas emissions, it is well known that it has a substantial negative influence on the environment too. Therefore, Insulating the outer walls of the building is a recognized method to improve the energy efficiency of buildings in the current setting of ongoing global energy price increases and concern to support global efforts to recover the climate. This study was conducted on a residential building in Kabul city c...
Energy Savings in the Jordanian Residential Sector
2017
The aim of the present study is to evaluate the reduction in energy use in terms of consumption and cost in the Jordanian residential sector resulting from applying energy efficiency measures. A baseline model for houses in Jordan has been developed to represent the average dwelling unit in terms of construction and energy consumption using the outcome of governmental surveys. Three energy efficiency measures were introduced individually and simultaneously in five scenarios. The energy savings from each scenario were simulated using Hourly Analysis Program (HAP) software and then quantified by comparison with the energy consumption in the baseline. It was found that using enhanced building envelop material can save 24% in energy consumption and 22% in energy cost. Replacing conventional lighting fixtures with efficient fixtures can save 7% of consumption and 10% of cost while the savings from replacing electric water heaters with solar heaters can be 8% in consumption and 13% in cos...
Cooling and heating loads in residential buildings in Jordan
Energy and Buildings, 1997
Cooling and heating load calculations for air-conditioned and heated buildings have been calculated for three different cities in Jordan, representing three climatic regions; namely, Irbid, Amman and Aqaba. To analyze the insulation effect of buildings, for each region four combinations of wall and ceiling insulation were considered: no insulation; only wall insulated; only ceiling insulated; and both ceiling and wall insulated. The results showed that the average monthly heating load was reduced when only walls were insulated; however, this has a negative impact on the average monthly cooling load. In the case where only the ceiling was insulated, both the monthly coc'ling and heating loads were reduced. A comparison showed that with both wall and ceiling insulated, the energy requirements could be reduced by more than 40%. In Aqaba, with both walls and ceiling insulated, there would be no need for any heating during the whole year and in b'oth Amman and Irbid there were at least four months in which there would be no need for either heating or cooling. 0 1997 Elsevier Science S.4.
Energy conservation measures on residential buildings in Saudi Arabia
International Journal of Energy Research, 1993
King Fahd Uniwrsity o / Prtrolruni arid Miniwds. Dhahran 31261, Suudi Arahia SUM MARY The effect of energy conservation measures for a typical two-storey residential building in Saudi Arabia are studied. The analysis shows that insulating the walls and the roof (1 5 mm-thick insulation) results in a significant reduction in the peak cooling load (>23%,) and the annual energy consumption (>27%). Hence, a significant saving in customer and government equivalent uniform annual cost (EUAC) will be observed. The effects of additional measures, such as reducing the glazing area and the infiltration rate, are also reported.
Proposed Energy Saving Techniques for Multi-Apartment Buildings in Jordan
International Journal of Thermal and Environmental Engineering, 2010
During the last decade and as a result of the significant increase in the population of Jordan, multi-apartment buildings became the most dominant building format, especially in Amman the capital of Jordan. The lack of well-developed passive heating, cooling and energy saving solutions, made the reliance on central heating in winter and air conditioners in summer the prominent choice for residents. The sustained significant increase in the use of these high energyconsuming systems, have started to exert a heavy toll on the national economy and have raised environmental and public health concerns. This study is devoted to the analysis of heating and cooling problems in the new multi-apartment buildings in Jordan. The main focus of this study is to minimize fuel and electricity consumption. Techniques for heating and cooling are proposed. This study shows that the proposed techniques will lead to significant savings in total energy consumption. These savings will lead to multifold benefits including a welcomed relief to lower and middle class family budgets, a significant reduction in the national reliance on imported energy, and a significant reduction in greenhouse emissions. Nevertheless a wider and more specific study could be done for optimizing the loads and choosing the best air conditioning system.
Energy conservation of residential buildings in Beirut
International Journal of Energy Research, 1998
Energy conservation measures on buildings have a significant role to play in reducing the burden of the energy bill on the Lebanese economy. The residential sector is one of various sectors that energy measures can be applied to. Such measures include the use of insulation materials, double-glazed windows, shading, efficient air-conditioning systems, economical lighting and reduction of infiltration rates. It is demonstrated through detailed energy analysis of typical residential and office buildings that strict conservation is benificial on the micro-and macro-economic levels. A code of practice is suggested to establish acceptable standards for energy use in residential buildings and ranking is done of energy measures based on economical indices.
Journal of Building Design and Environment, 2023
The residential sector is responsible for the consumption of 46% of the building's total primary energy consumption in Jordan. The Jordanian housing stock will need to be significantly improved to meet the government's commitment to reduce national emissions by 2050. This research aims to examine the available statistical data on residential buildings, to help better understand the current state of housing stock in Jordan and pave the way to generate a national housing stock model, as well as to identify opportunities in improving the energy efficiency of these buildings. The study synthesised data from the Department of Statistics housing survey and the Jordan Green Building Council survey to investigate the Jordanian national housing stock. The aggregated data was examined using a descriptive statistical analysis method. The data was then merged to provide aggregated datasets with detailed building characteristics. The study successfully characterized residential buildings archetypes and identified a range of typical thermal performance-related building characteristics (e.g., envelope properties, HVAC systems, lighting systems, etc.). The findings of the statistical analysis can be useful for policymakers in Jordan to gain insights into the current state of the housing stock, identify trends and patterns, and make informed decisions and initiatives such as the improvement of regulatory building code requirements for energy efficiency.