Issn 0189-6016©2009 Isolation and Characterization of Antineoplastic Alkaloids from (original) (raw)
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African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2010
Vinblastine and vincristine (the antileukemic agents) were isolated, in a pure form, from Catharanthus roseus L. Don., cultivated in Egypt, by several chromatographic techniques. Five modified methods for the preparation of total alkaloids were carried out. All the isolated mixtures were evaluated by HPLC and HPTLC analyses. The antineoplastic alkaloids; vinblastine and vincristine, were isolated by the use of vacuum liquid chromatographic column on silica gel : aluminium oxide (1:1) mixed bed vacuum liquid chromatography (VLC), Charcoal column, and finally purified by centrifugally accelerated radial chromatography (Chromatotrone).
South African Journal of Botany, 2018
Catharanthus roseus is among the most important anticancer agents providing plants in the world. In the current study, vinca leaves were cultured on MS medium supplemented with 1.5 mg/L BAP and 1.5 mg/L 2,4D. The callus obtained was subcultured on 15 different combinations of growth hormones for 28 days. The callus extracts from different treatments were analyzed by HPLC with respect to the vincristine and vinblastine producing capacity in comparison to the wild plant. The biomass was maximized with growth hormone combinations 2,4D/NAA and IAA/NAA but the biosynthesis of alkaloids were minimized. Vincristine production was potentiated in almost all growth hormones combinations with Kin/IAA producing the highest concentration. However, vinblastine was potentiated in growth hormone combinations Kin/IAA, IAA/Gb, BAP/Gb and NAA/Gb only, with Kin/IAA showing the highest concentration of vinblastine. The main motivating result was the biosynthesis of the essential anticancer dimeric alkaloids, vincristine which was hardly detected in the wild plant and vinblastine which showed a 3.39-fold increase compared to the wild plant.
Alkaloids of Pharmacological Importance in Catharanthus roseus
Alkaloids [Working Title]
Catharanthus roseus is a plant of the Apocynaceae family. It produces over 120 alkaloids, 70 of which are pharmacologically active. C. roseus produces vinblastine, utilized in treating Hodgkin's disease; testicular tumors, breast carcinoma, choriocarcinoma, Kaposi sarcoma and Letterer-Siwe disorder. Vincristine is used to treat acute lymphocytic leukemia, lymphosarcoma, lympho-granulomatosis and in solid infant tumors. The preparation process of 1 kg of vincristine has a cost of US$ 3.5 million, while vinblastine has a cost of US$1 million. Therefore, 530 kg of dry leaves are necessary to produce 1 kg of vincristine and half a ton for getting 1 g of vinblastine. The high cost is due to the low concentrations in the aerial portion. Due to the high market value and its effectiveness in different medical treatments, this chapter deals with the pharmacological application of the C. roseus alkaloids.
Enhanced extraction of an anticancer drug, Vinblastine, from Catharanthus roseus
Pure and Applied Biology, 2016
Catharanthus roseus G. Don belonging to family Apocyanaceae, contains more than 200 important compounds among which Vinblastine is an important anti-cancerous alkaloid. An efficient method for its extraction from plant material can lower its cost internationally. Study was aimed to increase the efficiency of extraction for the anticancer drug Vinblastine from C. roseus. In present study a comparison was made between different extractions methods for Vinblastine i.e., Microwave Assisted Extraction (MAE) and Soxhlet Extraction using a few drops of conc. HCl and ethanol respectively as extracting solvent. Quantitative estimation of Vinblastine was done with the help of HPLC (High performance liquid chromatography). Acetonitrile was used as a mobile phase. It was proved that microwave assisted extraction is more effective and efficient for extraction of Vinblastine. Microwave assisted extraction of leaves of C. roseus produced a maximum of 0.43g of extract per gram of plant material while using lesser time of extraction (30 seconds) with a very little amount of solvent used (10 mL/g) as compared to Soxhlet extraction (19.01g/30 g of plant material) and extraction time(10 hours). The maximum concentration of Vinblastine was found to be 44.33 mg/g of plant sample at 60 Seconds of microwave assisted extraction of power level 700W by using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Hence it is concluded that Microwave assisted extraction is a rapid and efficient tool for extraction of Vinblastine from C. roseus.
Journal of Natural Products, 1981
ABSTR.icT.-The antineoplastic bisindole vincaleukoblastine (TLB) (1) and two monomers, akuammicine (2) and tetrahydroalstonine, have been isolated from C. trichophyllus roots, and periformyline (3) has been obtained from its leaf alkaloid fractions. Pericyclivine (4) and five alkaloids, leurosine, vincarodine, akuammicine, vindoline and ajmalicine, have been isolated from two acid fractions of C. roseus leaves. Carbon-13 nmr spectra of two monomeric indole alkaloids, akuammicine and pericyclivine, have been assigned.
Analysis of Catharanthus roseus alkaloids by HPLC
Phytochemistry Reviews, 2007
Catharanthus roseus is a medicinal plant from which secondary metabolites used in chemotherapy to treat diverse cancers are extracted. The well known high value metabolites vincristine and vinblastine are just 2 of 130 alkaloids that can be found in C. roseus. However, only few (~11) of this high number of chemical entities are frequently analyzed and even fewer (~8) are available commercially. For more than 30 years, different analytical techniques have been developed to isolate and identify C. roseus metabolites, and then allowing revealing the therapeutic potential of C. roseus metabolites. Among few approaches, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique is still widely used for the separation and analysis of secondary metabolites such as those from C. roseus. This article thus reviews the most recent developments in HPLC analysis of alkaloids from C. roseus. Diverse considerations that are crucial to the efficiency of secondary metabolites separation and identification steps, such as biomass manipulation, extraction phase and protocols, HPLC separation and analysis protocols are reviewed in details.
Vinca alkaloid-the second most used alkaloid for Cancer Treatment-A review
This review is aimed at conferring the efficacy of anticancer property of different phytochemicals from Nayantara (Catharanthus roseus). Cancer is one of public health burden in developed and developing country. Cancer chemo preventive agents, many of which are natural products, are capable of preventing or inhibiting the process of carcinogenesis. Herbal anticancer drug are obtained from Catharanthus roseus is wildly used because of their well defined mechanism of action as anticancer drug. The main alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus is vinca alkaloids which is important for being cancer fighters. There are four major vinca alkaloids in clinical use: vinblastine (VBL), vinorelbine (VRL), vincristine (VCR) and vindesine (VDS). Recently vinflunine is discovered as new anticancer agent of vinca alkaloids. In this review, an attempt has been made to summarize the pharmacological effect of the above plant against anticancer property in a precise way to help the scientist and learners to understand the basis medicinal value of the plant.
Molecules, 2007
Dried leaves of Catharanthus roseus were extracted with aqueous acidic 0.1 M solution of HCl. Alkaloid-embonate complexes were obtained as precipitates by treating the extract with an alkaline (NaOH) solution of embonic acid (4,4'-methylene-bis-3hydroxynaphtalenecarboxylic acid). The precipitate mainly consisted of catharanthine and vindoline embonates and it was directly used as the starting material for a semisynthesis of the anti-cancer bisindole alkaloid vinblastine. The coupling reaction involved oxidation of catharanthine in aqueous acidic medium by singlet oxygen (1 O 2), continuously produced in situ by the reaction between H 2 O 2 with NaClO. An excess of NaBH 4 was used for the reduction step. Analysis of the reaction mixture indicated a maximum yield of 20% for vinblastine at pH 8.3, based on the initial amount of catharanthine concentration. Direct-injection electrospray ionization mass spectrometry in positive ion mode was used for the identification of vinblastine. The mass spectra of Molecules 2007, 12 1308 vinblastine were dominated by the corresponding protonated molecular ion [M+H] + at m/z 811 and the characteristic fragment ions matched with those of the standard compound.
Simple and reproducible HPLC–DAD–ESI-MS/MS analysis of alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus roots
Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 2010
Catharanthus roseus is one of the most important medicinal plants worldwide. The leaves of this species are the only source of the indolomonoterpenic alkaloids vincristin (leurocristine) and vinblastin (vincaleucoblastine), whose anticancer activity represents powerful therapeutics to many diseases, such as Hodgkin lymphoma. Usually, the remaining plant parts go to waste. Here we describe a phytochemical study on this species roots. Alkaloids in aqueous extracts, the usual form of consumption of this matrix, were studied using HPLC-DAD-ESI-MS/MS, which allowed the identification of 19-S-vindolinine, vindolinine, ajmalicine and an ajmalicine isomer, tabersonine, catharanthine, serpentine and a serpentine isomer. Quantification of the identified compounds revealed that serpentine and its isomer were predominant (64.7%) over the other alkaloids, namely vindolinine and its isomer (23.9%), catharanthine (7.7%) and ajmalicine (3.8%). The used procedure revealed to be simple, sensitive and reproducible.
Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2005
A simple reversed-phase liquid chromatographic method is developed for the simultaneous quantitation of the anticancerous drugs vincristine, vinblastine, and their precursors catharanthine and vindoline using a Merck Chromolith Performance reversedphase high-performance liquid chromatography column. A better resolution is obtained in comparison with available particulatetype C 18 columns. The column provides good reproducibility and peak symmetry. Chromatography is carried isocratically with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-0.1M phosphate buffer containing 0.5% glacial acetic acid (21:79, v/v; pH 3.5) at a flow rate of 1.2 mL/min and UV detection at 254 nm. Parameters such as linearity, limits of quantitation (LOQ) and detection (LOD), precision, accuracy, recovery, and robustness are studied. The method is selective and linear for alkaloid concentration in the range 0.25 µg-25 µg/mL. The LOQ and LOD are 25, 46, 56, and 32 µg/mL and 8, 14, 18, and 10 µg/mL, respectively. The results of accuracy studies are good. Values for coefficient of variation are 2.50, 1.82, 1.33, and 1.13, respectively. The percent recovery of the alkaloids was found to be 96%, 97%, 98%, and 98%, respectively. Peak purity and homogeneity of these compounds in plant extract is studied using a photodiode-array detector. This simple and rapid method of analysis is applied for the determination of these alkaloids in a large number of leaf extracts of Catharanthus roseus.