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Oral Submucous Fibrosis and Elongated Styloid Process - Do they have an Alarming Inter-Connection?
Acta Scientific Otolaryngology, 2020
Oral Submucous Fibrosis is a premalignant condition affecting a considerable population around the world. The surge in the use of arecanut and tobacco products has led to monumental rise in young patients complaining of trismus and inability to eat. Although, the condition can be effectively managed through surgery followed by physiotherapy, its incessant subclinical progression often restores the intraoral fibrosis once physiotherapy is discontinued, most commonly due to pain. In this respect, it was intriguing to notice many such patients eliciting an elongated styloid process which may be consequent to activation of Transforming Growth Factor-beta due to chronic trauma or inflammation. This growth factor is also involved in marked deposition of collagen forming intraoral fibrous bands. Hence, if a definite association can be delineated between the two conditions, through radiographic examination on an orthopantomogram, clinicians can be alerted to diagnose an elongated styloid process whenever a case of oral submucous fibrosis presents in the clinical practice. This simple yet significant protocol shall eliminate a prominent cause of pain during mouth opening exercises thus making the chances of treatment failure negligible.
Oral submucous fibrosis: is it a collagen disease? A study in search for its aetiology
International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) though prevalent throughout the Indian subcontinent, its aetiopathogenesis is still an enigma. The disease frequently leads to severe trismus and ankyloglossia that make patients" life miserable. The collagen theory regarding its aetiology is supported and disagreed by many workers. Rowell described OSMF as an autoimmune disorder. 1-7 Joshi named the disease as "submucous fibrosis of palate and pillars" in 1953 and reported its clinical features. 8 Su designated the same condition as "idiopathic scleroderma of the mouth". 1 Most of the patients with OSMF have the complaint of long standing gradually progressive painless difficulty in opening the mouth (trismus) and fibrosis of the soft palate, faucial pillars and buccal region. Other common features include intolerance to spicy food and recurrent vesicles and ulceration in oral cavity and oropharynx. 9 The leading and well reported and accepted predisposing factor of OSMF is chewing of different forms of betel nuts, betel leaves and tobacco. 1,4,10-12 Several other factors ABSTRACT Background: The aetiopathogenesis of oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF), though not an uncommon disease, is not yet well established. OSMF is prevalent in the geographical area of study. These were the driving factors to conduct this study. This haematological study in patients with oral submucous fibrosis was conducted to find out some definite causative features so that an effective treatment regime could be evolved. Methods: This prospective hospital-based observational study was conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology (ENT) and Pathology in a tertiary care medical college hospital. The 150 clinically diagnosed patients were enrolled for the study. Routine laboratory tests were done to identify markers which would suggest autoimmune conditions. Results: In 124 cases (83%), mild to moderately anaemia was observed while 75 cases (50%) showed raised ESR. Lymphocytosis and eosinophilia were observed in 42 cases (28%) and 48 cases (32%) respectively. Hyperglobulinaemia was observed in 45 cases (30%). In 18 cases (12%) leukocytosis was observed. In 30 cases (20%), pus cells were seen in urine, while ova and cysts were found present in 42 cases (28%). Conclusions: The present study could not establish the commonly claimed theory of collagen disease. The exact aetiology of OSMF is not yet known. Some genetic factors seem to play a role, which make some people predisposed to react abnormally to chronic masticatories of different forms of areca nut, tobacco and areca leaves. Therefore further research in the direction of genetic studies will perhaps reveal the exact cause of OSMF.
Journal of Evolution of medical and Dental Sciences, 2015
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a well-recognized chronic insidious disease, precancerous condition, autoimmune and collagen related disorder which is multifactorial in origin mainly associated with the practice of chewing betel quid containing areca nut, a habit common among lower socio-economic strata of society. It is characterized by inflammation, increased deposition of submucosal collagen and formation of fibrotic bands in the oral and paraoral tissues, which increasingly limit mouth opening. In the myriad of literature available, numerous etiology and management techniques are put forward by various authors in the past. In this paper, an attempt is made to analyze critically and update the knowledge of the recent developments that enhances the understanding of the etiology of this premalignant condition and its medicinal & surgical management which improves the life expectancy.
ORAL SUBMUCOUS FIBROSIS – A SHORT REVIEW
Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a well-known debilitating precancerous condition of oral cavity which results due to chewing tobacco, areca nuts and its related products. It is an irreversible condition with very high malignant potential. There is a dire need to curb this common but avoidable condition that is increasingly observed in the younger age groups which leads to early development of oral cancer. The purpose of this article is to comprehend OSMF in totality and help the health professionals to get acquainted with the possible etiology, clinical features, differential diagnosis and current treatment modalities of OSMF along with the planning of promotive and preventive research to elucidate the solutions to the problem.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis: Review on Etiopathogenesis and Treatment Modalities
Journal of Oral Sign, 2013
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSMF) is a chronic incidious disease of the oral mucosa characterized by inflammation and a progressive fibrosis of the lamina propria and deeper connective tissues. It is a condition predominantly seen among people of Indian subcontinent and areca nut chewing has been strongly associated with the onset and progression of the disease. Various other etiologic factors like genetic, immunologic, nutritional, autoimmune have been also implicated in the pathogenesis of the disease. With the easily availability and effective economic pricing of commercial available areca nut the frequency of the disease has increased by many folds in the developing nations. Various treatment modalities are now available but the cessation of the habit should be prime importance during the treatment planning. The treatment of patient of OSMF depends on the degree of involvement. The aim of this paper is to discuss about the various factors involved in the etiopathogenesis of the dis...
Oral Submucous fibrosis: New technique for management-A Case Report
IJDSIR : Dental Publication Service, 2020
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is the chronic disease of the oral mucosa which is painful and crippling. It is well known as being potentially malignant. Disorder which is specifically associated with the use of arcanut in different ways. It features inflammation and progressive fibrosis of the tissue is submucosal. The disease pathogenesis involves numerous factors such as arecanut chewing, chillies, nutritional deficiencies and genetic processes. An attempt is made through this article to update the awareness of aetiology and its therapeutic and surgical management which Improves life expectancy of OSFM patients.
Oral Submucous Fibrosis- Correlation between Clinical Findings and Histopathological Grading
Bengal Journal of Otolaryngology and Head Neck Surgery
Introduction Oral Submucous fibrosis (OSMF) occurs in young adults, who are in the habit of chewing tobacco mixed with areca nut and its various commercially available preparations. The disease results in progressive inability to open the mouth due to the submucosal fibrosis initiated by chronic inflammation affecting mainly oral mucosa. Authors undertook the present study to correlate the clinical features of OSMF to histopathological features and to find out aetiopathological factors of this condition. Materials and Methods A total of 123 clinically diagnosed OSMF patients, in the age range of 17 to 70 years were studied. Mouth opening was measured using a scale and was recorded in millimeters. Incisional biopsy was taken from the representative areas in the oral cavity. The patients were graded clinically and histopathologically and results were analyzed and discussed. Result Most of the patients were in the age group of 20-30 years (37.4%) with male predominance. The duration of...