Study on Economic Measurement and Control of Coal Supply Chain ’ s Carbon Emissions (original) (raw)
Related papers
Low Carbon Economy, 2017
Carbon cost management plays the key role in response to carbon market changes. According to the literature review in China and abroad, this paper breaks the limitations of existing literatures which just focus on discussing the concept of carbon cost management and accounting the carbon cost in operating activities. Combined with the management accounting role definition of full participation in business decision and based on the value chain theory, this paper introduces marketing, human resource management etc. in carbon cost management accounting scope. Also, it recognizes carbon management factors and provides accounting formulas to build a total carbon cost management system and draw its panorama. With this total carbon cost management system, companies could acquire accurate carbon cost statistics to support their business decisions in carbon market.
A comparison of coal supply-demand in China and in the US based on a network model
Chinese Physics B, 2013
Through analysis the actual coal supply and demand in the US and China, the properties of the coal supply-demand market in both countries are investigated based on the energy supply-demand network. The validity of our model is verified by comparing numerical results with empirical results. The comparison of empirical results and the comparison of coal network model parameters between in the US and in China reveal the essence of the internal differences and similarities of coal supply and demand in these two countries. The third stage of China's coal network was close to that of the US in 1995, indicating that the evolutional situation of China's coal market begins to transit to an oligopolistic type. Finally, suggestions for China's coal supply-demand strategy are put forward.
arXiv (Cornell University), 2021
China aims for net-zero carbon emissions by 2060, and an emissions peak before 2030. This will reduce its consumption of coal for power generation and steel making. Simultaneously, China aims for improved energy security, primarily with expanded domestic coal production and transport infrastructure. Here, we analyze effects of both these pressures on seaborne coal imports, with a purpose-built model of China's coal production, transport, and consumption system with installation-level geospatial and technical detail. This represents a 1000-fold increase in granularity versus earlier models, allowing representation of aspects that have previously been obscured. We find that reduced Chinese coal consumption affects seaborne imports much more strongly than domestic supply. Recent expansions of rail and port capacity, which reduce costs of getting domestic coal to Southern coastal provinces, will further reduce demand for seaborne thermal coal and amplify the effect of decarbonisation on coal imports. Seaborne coking coal imports are also likely to fall, because of expanded supply of cheap and high quality coking coal from neighbouring Mongolia. Reducing the consumption of coal, used primarily in power generation and steelmaking, is a key element of net-zero emissions plans or other long-term low-emissions strategies. This will affect the market outlook for coal exporting countries, in particular as countries with domestic coal mining industries may seek to limit negative effects on domestic coal mining industries [1]. China's decarbonization plans are particularly relevant in this respect, as it is the world's largest consumer of both thermal and coking coal, and a large source of revenue for key exporters in the region, in particular Australia and Indonesia (Fig. 1). Global coal markets have been the subject of much earlier research, and China has been a focal country in most such studies given its dominant share in global coal production, consumption and imports. Yet, exactly how Chinese coal imports depend on domestic market and other developments remains poorly assessed. In particular, such previous studies have typically used linear cost optimization with so-called multiregional models, or node-and-link type models, to represent transport infrastructure. It's important to accurately account for transport in such analyses, given the large share of transport in the total cost of coal to consumers, and because of the restrictions imposed by technical transport capacities of this infrastructure such as railways and ports. However, previous work for such analyses has always used highly simplified networks, with even the most granular models using a few dozen nodes representing continents in global analysis, or provinces in China-focused analyses. These nodes conflate provincial-level production and demand into single points, and inter-provincial transport infrastructure into single links. This casts doubt on just how accurately transport costs and capacity limits are really considered, and therefore how accurately the relative competitiveness of local and imported coal are assessed, in such models. We drastically improve on this state of the art, with an installation-level model of China, that is, a model that represents every coal mine, power and steel plant, all ports, all railways with all stops, and an intercity 1
China’s Strategic Choice of the Coal Industry: Perspective from Green Economy
2012
Coal mining industry is one of the most influential industries on environment pollution. In recent years, most studies have shown that green and circular economy is the way to solve the deteriorative environment issue. After introducing green economy theory, including background, concept, and features, the paper gives us the strategic choice of China’s coal industry. By theoretical analysis, many suggestions have been proposed, including establishment of a people-oriented scientific development ideology, strengthening the implementation of green mining model, encouraging the development of circular economy model, promoting coal industrial technological progress, improving management and security technological innovation.
Structural path decomposition of carbon emission: A study of China's manufacturing industry
Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018
Manufacturing is the foundation of China's economy and accounts for a large proportion of China's CO 2 emissions. In this study, the structural path decomposition (SPD) methodology, based on an environmental input-output model, was used to find critical supply chain paths that drive changes in CO 2 life cycle in China's manufacturing industry from 1992 to 2012. The changes in CO 2 emissions were decomposed into three main factors: carbon emissions intensity, input-output structure, and final demand. In this study, the "weighted average decompositions" method of structural decomposition analysis and the non-comparable input-output table were first applied to the SPD method to obtain accurate results. The results indicate that higher-order paths, especially the paths that started from the "Smelting and Rolling of Metals" and the "Production and Supply of Electricity and Steam" sectors, led to an increase in carbon emissions. This was mainly due to the extension of the industrial chain as well as policy priorities. Moreover, CO 2 emissions from the "Chemical Industry", "Manufacture of Nonmetallic Mineral Products", and "Smelting and Rolling of Metals" sectors were mainly induced by the increase of final export demands. Based on the results of this study, relevant policy changes have also been recommended.
ijetrm journal, 2022
Research on the relationship between industrial structure and carbon emissions is of great significance for the implementation of low-carbon green development. This paper uses the time series data of Jiangsu Province from 1998 to 2019, and analyzes the relationship between the three industrial structures and carbon emissions in Jiangsu Province through VAR model, Granger causality test, impulse response analysis, variance decomposition and other tools. The results show that there is a co-integration relationship between carbon emissions and the tertiary industries in Jiangsu Province; the primary industry and carbon emissions form a one-way Granger causality, and carbon emissions are the Granger cause of the secondary industry; the secondary industry in Jiangsu Province Development is the main factor for the growth of carbon dioxide emissions, and the control of carbon dioxide emissions in the primary industry has achieved remarkable results, and the rise of the tertiary industry has led to a downward trend in carbon dioxide emissions. To this end, we should thoroughly implement the concept of green development, accelerate the pace of industrial restructuring and upgrading, vigorously develop advanced manufacturing, and change the structure of energy consumption.
Coal Consumption, Industrial Production and CO2 Emissions in China and India
The present study explores the relationship between coal consumption, industrial production and CO 2 emissions in case of China and India for the period of 1971-2011. The structural break unit root test and cointegrating approach have been applied. The direction of causal relationship between the variables is investigated by applying the VECM Granger causality test. Our results validate the presence of cointegration among the series in both countries. We also find the existence of inverted U-shaped curve between industrial production and CO 2 emissions for India but for China it is U-shaped relationship. Coal consumption adds in CO 2 emission. The causality analysis reveals that industrial production and coal consumption Granger cause CO 2 emission in India. In case of China, the feedback effect exists between coal consumption and CO 2 emissions.
Energy policy, 1997
Motivated by 1980s energy shortages, the World Bank and the Chinese State Planning Commission developed a strategic-level, network-based investment-planning model of China's coal and electricity delivery system. Transport investments were optimized alongside alternative investments that reduce transport needs, such as coal washing, minemouth power plants, long-distance transmission and hydro and nuclear power. Later, we enhanced the model by adding investment variables for improving energy efficiency. We found that energy demands in the year 2000 can be satisfied with less cost and pollution than in the supply-side-only results. Muitiobjective analysis estimates the national cost of controlling ash and sulfur both with and without energy conservation and/or carbon restrictions. Policy issues for demand-side investments are discussed.
Cost estimate of the multi-pollutant abatement in coal-fired power sector in China
Energy, 2018
Seriously stringent emission regulations are applied in the coal-fired power sector in China. GB13223-2011 standards and ultra-low emission limits are promulgated to improve the application of pollutant abatement systems and reduce emissions, respectively. However, the accompanying problem of additional economic burden may affect the operation of power units and sectors. This study proposed a cost estimate model of multi-pollutant control and designed several scenarios to evaluate the total cost of different emission standards in China's coal-fired power sector. The operating costs of NO x , SO 2 , and PM control of a typical 300 MW unit were 6.9, 11.7, and 4.3 CNY/MWh, respectively, when meeting the GB13223-2011 emission standard and 8.2, 13.8, and 7.9 CNY/MWh, respectively, when meeting the ultralow emission limits. Investment, energy consumption, and catalyst greatly influenced the operating cost. The scenarios analysis suggested that the total costs of multi-pollutant control under the GB13223-2011 standards and ultra-low emission limits were approximately 141.79e170.28 and 186.35e221.67 billion CNY per year, respectively. Feasible cost reduction strategies were analyzed on the basis of operation management and sector planning. The economic influence of the application of pollutant abatement systems on coal-fired power units should be evaluated comprehensively.