Developmental and Behavioral Disorders Grown-Up—Intellectual Disability (original) (raw)
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Tourette’s From a Neuropsychological Perspective
Current Developmental Disorders Reports, 2018
Purpose of Review Pediatric neuropsychologists have interest in the relationship between neurodevelopmental disorders and chronic health conditions, and the developing brain. With growing survivorship of children with such conditions, pediatric neuropsychologists are increasingly looking to the literature for guidance regarding evaluation and treatment approaches, including those for Tourette's syndrome. The purpose of this article is to raise awareness of the complexity in the clinical presentation of Tourette's so that patient care is optimal, and generation of literature for future study of the elusive aspects of the disorder is encouraged. Recent Findings The published research regarding Tourette syndrome encompasses many aspects of the disorder. Those that are of relevance to pediatric neuropsychologists will be discussed. Summary Pediatric neuropsychologists must seek out relevant information about Tourette's syndrome for the purposes of patient care. In this article, a brief review of current literature highlights the most salient aspects of this complex disorder to be considered for evaluation and treatment purposes.
Tourette syndrome: clinical and psychological aspects of 250 cases
American Journal of Human Genetics, 1985
Tourette syndrome is a common hereditary neuropsychiatric disorder consisting of multiple tics and vocal noises. We summarize here clinical aspects of 250 consecutive cases seen over a period of 3 years. The sex ratio was four males to one female, and the mean age of onset was 6.9 years. Only 10% were Jewish, indicating that it is not more prevalent in Ashkenazi Jews. Only 33% had compulsive swearing (coprolalia), indicating that this is not necessary for the diagnosis. The most frequent initial symptoms were rapid eye-blinking, facial grimacing, and throat-clearing. In this series, it was clear that Tourette syndrome is a psychiatric as well as a neurological disorder. Significant discipline problems and/or problems with anger and violence occurred in 61%, and 54% had attention-deficit disorder with hyperactivity. Some degree of exhibitionism was present in 15.9% of males and 6.1% of females. Obsessive-compulsive behavior was seen in 32%. Other than tics and vocal noises, the most common parental complaints were of short temper and everything being a confrontation. There were no significant clinical differences between familial and sporadic cases.
Tourette syndrome: Associated symptoms and most disabling features
Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 1993
WAND, R. R., G. S. MATAZOW, G. A. SHADY, P. FURER AND D. STALEY. Tourette syndrome: Associated symptoms and most disabling features. NEUROSCI BIOBEHAV REV 17(3) 271-275, 1993.-Four hundred forty-six patients with Tourette Syndrome (TS) and/or their parents completed a 52qtem self-report survey about vocal and motor tics, and the frequency of associated co-morbid conditions of aggression, obsessions and compulsions, attentmnal problems, sleep disturbance, mood disturbance, anxiety, and self-mutilative behaviours which have been frequently reported in the literature on TS. Respondents also responded to an open-ended question regarding the most disabling aspects of TS. Results were analyzed within two age groups; under 18 years of age (N = 245) and 18 years of age or older (N = 177). Tics and associated conditions were the most frequently reported disabling aspect by both age groups. Subjects under age 18, however, reported significantly more frequent problems with hyperactivity, temper control, aggressive behaviours and sleepwalking than adults w~th TS.
A review article: Tourette syndrome
International Journal of Advanced Psychiatric Nursing
The purpose of this review is to provide the latest information on Tourette syndrome (TS). The authors conducted a literature search of available sources describing the issue of tic disorders with special focus on TS and made a comparison and evaluation of relevant findings. The results of this review indicate that TS is a complex disorder, which has a significant impact on the quality of life of both the patients and his/her family. Therefore, early and proper diagnosis and treatment are necessary in order to reduce or even eliminate both symptoms and social burden of the patient.
Tourette Syndrome: A Mini-Review
Frontiers in Neurology
The purpose of this mini-review is to provide the latest information on epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of Tourette syndrome (TS). The authors conducted a literature search of available sources describing the issue of tic disorders with special focus on TS and made a comparison and evaluation of relevant findings. The results of this mini-review indicate that TS is a complex disorder, which has a significant impact on the quality of life of both the patients and his/her family. Therefore, early and proper diagnosis and treatment are necessary in order to reduce or even eliminate both symptoms and social burden of the patient. This requires a multidisciplinary management approach in order to meet the patients' special needs. Future research should focus on neuroimaging, new neurotransmitter targets, in functional neurosurgery, as well as the effect of non-pharmacological psychotherapies for these people.
Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 2015
A devout Anglican, a loyal Royalist and a confirmed Tory, Samuel Johnson is often referred to as 'arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history'. He came from a humble background, distinguished himself in studies and attended Pembroke College, Oxford, supported by a munificent grant from a well-wisher. However, he had to discontinue soon since the fund ran dry and therefore had to move to London where he started writing for 'The Gentleman's magazine'. Everything gainsaid, the particular reason for which Samuel Johnson is immortalized is for compiling 'A Dictionary of English Language', which was published in 1755 and it is often referred to as 'one of the greatest single achievements of scholarship'. He befriended some of the most virile minds in London of that time, like Edmond Burke, the parliamentarian, Edward Gibbon, the historian, Oliver Goldsmith, the litterateur, Adam Smith, the economist, Joshua Reynolds, the painter, David Garrick, the actor and importantly, James Boswell, the lawyer, who wrote a masterly biography on him entitled 'Life of Samuel Johnson'. As a mark of respect to this eminent Englishman in the 18 th century, he was buried in Westminster Abbey.
Journal of Child and Adolescent Behavior, 2017
Tourette syndrome (TS) is a childhood-onset neuropsychiatric disorder that is characterized by the presence of multiple motor tics and at least one phonic tic for a minimum of one year duration. It has many differential diagnoses and is often associated with psychiatric comorbidities. One of the differential diagnoses of TS is Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD); the stereotypic behavior of which needs to be differentiated from the tics of Tourette sufferers. This is a report of an 8-year-old boy with Tourette syndrome who was seriously disabled by his symptoms that necessitated thorough evaluation to exclude any causes, differential diagnoses, and or comorbidities. The treatment of children and adolescents with Tourette syndrome is an important clinical issue. In such cases the potential longterm negative effects of using antipsychotic or other medications need to be weighed against the disruptive effects of persistent Tourette symptoms on patients' lives.
Tourette syndrome and other neurodevelopmental disorders: a comprehensive review
Child and adolescent psychiatry and mental health, 2017
Gilles de la Tourette syndrome (TS) is a complex developmental neuropsychiatric condition in which motor manifestations are often accompanied by comorbid conditions that impact the patient's quality of life. In the DSM-5, TS belongs to the "neurodevelopmental disorders" group, together with other neurodevelopmental conditions, frequently co-occurring. In this study, we searched the PubMed database using a combination of keywords associating TS and all neurodevelopmental diagnoses. From 1009 original reports, we identified 36 studies addressing TS and neurodevelopmental comorbidities. The available evidence suggests the following: (1) neurodevelopmental comorbidities in TS are the rule, rather than the exception; (2) attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most frequent; (3) there is a continuum from a simple (TS + ADHD or/and learning disorder) to a more complex phenotype (TS + autism spectrum disorder). We conclude that a prompt diagnosis and a detailed...