Removal of Manganese(II) from Acid Mine Wastewater: A Review of the Challenges and Opportunities with Special Emphasis on Mn-Oxidizing Bacteria and Microalgae (original) (raw)
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Science of The Total Environment, 2005
Mine drainage waters vary considerably in the range and concentration of heavy metals they contain. Besides iron, manganese is frequently present at elevated concentrations in waters draining both coal and metal mines. Passive treatment systems (aerobic wetlands and compost bioreactors) are designed to remove iron by biologically induced oxidation/ precipitation. Manganese, however, is problematic as it does not readily form sulfidic minerals and requires elevated pH (N8) for abiotic oxidation of Mn (II) to insoluble Mn (IV). As a result, manganese removal in passive remediation systems is often less effective than removal of iron. This was found to be the case at the pilot passive treatment plant (PPTP) constructed to treat water draining the former Wheal Jane tin mine in Cornwall, UK, where effective removal of manganese occurred only in one of the three rock filter components of the composite systems over a 1-year period of monitoring. Water in the two rock filter systems where manganese removal was relatively poor was generally bpH 5, whereas it was significantly higher (~pH 7) in the third (effective) system. These differences in water chemistry and manganese removal were due to variable performances in the compost bioreactors that feed the rock filter units in the composite passive systems at Wheal Jane. An alternative approach for removing soluble manganese from mine waters, using fixed bed bioreactors, was developed. Ferromanganese nodules (about 2 cm diameter), collected from an abandoned mine adit in north Wales, were used to inoculate the bioreactors (working volume ca. 700 ml). Following colonization by manganese-oxidizing microbes, the aerated bioreactor catalysed the removal of soluble manganese, via oxidation of Mn (II) and precipitation of the resultant Mn (IV) in the bioreactor, in synthetic media and mine water from the Wheal Jane PPTP. Such an approach has potential application for removing soluble Mn from mine streams and other Mn-contaminated water courses.
Fundamental Study on the Removal of Mn2+ in Acid Mine Drainage using Sulfate Reducing Bacteria
Materials transactions, 2004
The optimum conditions for Mn 2þ removal from acid mine drainage was studied by a SRB (sulfate reducing bacteria) bioreactor. Chemical experiments with Na 2 S as a S 2À source were conducted to investigate the effects of pH, coexisting metal ions, and the components in a growth medium for SRB on MnS formation from Mn 2þ solutions. The amount of Mn removed from the Mn 2þ solutions decreased with decreasing pH. The Zn 2þ or Fe 2þ coexisting in the solutions consumed S 2À by forming ZnS or FeS, and this inhibited Mn removal. Sodium citrate, a component of the growth medium for SRB, formed a complex with Mn 2þ and suppressed MnS formation. Biological experiments using the SRB reactor were carried out at 37 C and it was confirmed that the Mn 2þ concentration decreased to less than 10 gÁm À3 from 100 gÁm À3 at neutral pHs (pH 5-7) after 100 hours when other metal ions and sodium citrate were absent. The formed precipitate was identified to be metastable-MnS with a band gap of about 3.8 eV by XRD, XRF, and UV-VIS.
BioMed Research International, 2015
Manganese is a contaminant in the wastewaters produced by Brazilian mining operations, and the removal of the metal is notoriously difficult because of the high stability of the Mn(II) ion in aqueous solutions. To explore a biological approach for removing excessive amounts of aqueous Mn(II), we investigated the potential of Mn(II) oxidation by both consortium and bacterial isolates from a Brazilian manganese mine. A bacterial consortium was able to remove 99.7% of the Mn(II). A phylogenetic analysis of isolates demonstrated that the predominant microorganisms were members ofStenotrophomonas,Bacillus, andLysinibacillusgenera. Mn(II) removal rates between 58.5% and 70.9% were observed forBacillussp. andStenotrophomonassp. while theLysinibacillusisolate 13P removes 82.7%. The catalytic oxidation of Mn(II) mediated by multicopper oxidase was not properly detected; however, in all of the experiments, a significant increase in the pH of the culture medium was detected. No aggregates insi...
Applied Sciences, 2021
Packed bed bioreactors were used to remove soluble manganese from a synthetic mine water as the final stage of an integrated bioremediation process. The synthetic mine water had undergone initial processing using a sulfidogenic bioreactor (pH 4.0–5.5) which removed all transition metals present in elevated concentrations (Cu, Ni, Zn and Co) apart from manganese. The aerobic bioreactors were packed with pebbles collected from a freshwater stream that were coated with black-colored, Mn(IV)-containing biofilms, and their capacity to remove soluble Mn (II) from the synthetic mine water was tested at varying hydraulic retention times (11–45 h) and influent liquor pH values (5.0 or 6.5). Over 99% of manganese was removed from the partly processed mine water when operated at pH 6.5 and a HRT of 45 h. Molecular techniques (clone libraries and T-RFLP analysis) were used to characterize the biofilms and identified two heterotrophic Mn-oxidizing microorganisms: the bacterium Leptothrix discoph...
Simultaneous removal of iron and manganese from acid mine drainage by acclimated bacteria
Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2020
A bacterial consortium for efficient decontamination of high-concentration Fe-Mn acid mine drainage (AMD) was successfully isolated. The removal efficiencies of Fe and Mn were effective, reaching 99.8 % and 98.6 %, respectively. High-throughput sequencing of the 16S rRNA genes demonstrated that the microbial community had changed substantially during the treatment. The Fe-Mn oxidizing bacteria Flavobacterium, Brevundimonas, Stenotrophomonas and Thermomonas became dominant genera, suggesting that they might play vital roles in Fe and Mn removal. Moreover, the pH of culture increased obviously after incubation, which was benefit for depositing Fe and Mn from AMD. The specific surface area of the biogenic Fe-Mn oxides was 108-121 m 2 /g, and the surface contained reactive oxygen functional groups (-OH and −COOH), which also improved Fe and Mn removal efficiency. Thus, this study provides an alternative method to treat AMD containing high concentrations of Fe and Mn. 1. Introduction Acid mine drainage (AMD) is severely threatening the safety of aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems (Aguinaga et al., 2018; Auld et al., 2017). Available methods for AMD treatment include traditional neutralization techniques, magnetic nanoparticles, lignite and zeolite, and membrane methods, among others (Rand and Ranville, 2019). Traditional neutralization techniques require additions of commercially produced alkali, which is expensive and generate a large volume of sludge, especially in AMD that contains high levels of iron/ferrous ions
The Application of MnO2 in the Removal of Manganese from Acid Mine Water
Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2013
In recent years, much attention has been devoted in developing inexpensive or alternative systems for treating acid mine drainage (AMD). Manganese is a common component of AMD, and it is traditionally removed by precipitation. However, in order to meet the standard limits for discharging, usually <1 mg L −1 , it is necessary to raise the pH above 10 which implies in high consumption of reagents and a final pH that does not meet the required value for discharging. This study investigated the removal of manganese from an acid mine effluent and laboratory solutions by using an industrial residue consisted of manganese dioxide (MnO 2). The pH of the acid effluent is around 2.7, and the manganese concentration is approximately 140 mg L −1. Batch experiments assessed the influence of pH and the efficiency of manganese dioxide (MnO 2) in the Mn +2 removal. In the presence of MnO 2 , the metal concentration meets the discharging limit at pH range of 6.8 to 7.2. Experiments carried out with columns packed with MnO 2 assessed the influence of the flow rate on the process. Best results were obtained for columns fed with mine water neutralized with limestone at pH 7.0 and a residence time of 3.3 h. The maximum manganese loading capacity for MnO 2 was around 14 mg g −1. RAMAN spectroscopy showed that the MnO 2 is essentially constituted of pyrolusite. In addition, the solid hausmannite (Mn 3 O 4) was observed on the surface of the MnO 2 residue after its contact with the Mn +2 solution.
This study presents the isolation and screening of manganese (II) oxidizing bacteria from wastewater samples of electroplating industrial effluent and its application as a potential biosorbent to remove Mn(II) ions from aqueous solution in a batch system. A statistical approach, the response surface methodology is used to determine the optimum conditions for the generation of biogenic manganese oxides and manganese removal using manganese oxidizing bacterial strain Mn 21. Based on the statistical analysis; the maximum biogenic manganese oxide formation and manganese removal was obtained 64.90% and 96.90% at pH 8, temperature 300C and 10 days incubation time. We can achieve a maximum removal and Mn oxide formation upto 108.9% and 71.1% respectively at optimal conditions of pH 8.0, temperature 31.70C and incubation time of 9.7 days having maximum desirability. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) of Box–Behnken design showed that the proposed quadratic model fitted experimental data very well with coefficient of correlation r2 to be 0.9821, 0.9744 for manganese removal and manganese oxide formation respectively.
Effects of mineral composition on microbiological reductive leaching of manganese oxides
Chemical Geology, 1990
The present paper combines two fields of research: (a) the microbiological leaching of Mn-oxide ores, and (b) the normative quantification of Mn-oxide minerals in samples containing finely intergrown phases. Commonly, the difficulty of analyzing the concentration of various Mn-oxides within a sample hinders investigations on the reducing capability of microorganisms, because it is difficult to estimate how significantly the presence or absence of particular minerals influences the activity of the biota. The normalization technique overcomes this problem by providing a tool for the interpretation of experimental data. The examined ores were sampled from a geologically and mineralogically relatively uniform stratigraphic section at the Mn-oxide deposit at Groote Eylandt in the Northern Territory of Australia. Although the examined reduction system is highly specific (i.e. only Enterobacter sp. is used), the results of the laboratory tests illustrate how natural mobilization processes may operate. In principle, however, the findings can be applied to other organisms in comparable geochemical environments. The investigations also show that the microbially induced dissolution of the ores is largely controlled by the mineralogy. The thermodynamically most stable mineral, pyrolusite, is unaffected by the leaching procedure during the tests. Romanechite, cryptomelane and todorokite are reduced successively. This mineral destruction is strongly time-dependent (cryptomelane/todorokite break down earlier than romanechite), and the final remobilization of the respective mineral is generally marked by a good correlation of the pH and Mn 2÷ concentration. The data clearly demonstrate that only ores with a relatively low pyrolusite content, when compared with coexisting Mn-oxide phases, are likely to release larger quantities of dissolved Mn, and that these materials are more suitable for technological leaching processes. Most other Mn-oxides are reduced faster and more effectively than pyrolusite.