Botanicals as Selective Pesticides for the Integrated Pest Management in Vegetables: A Review (original) (raw)
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SCREENING OF BOTANICALS FOR CONTROLLING VEGETABLES PEST
Bangladesh Journal of Environmental Science, 2016
A screening test of botanicals for controlling the vegetables pests' viz. red pumpkin beetle, black bean aphid and okra jassid was conducted during the period from June, 2012 to May, 2013. Here ten selected botanicals such as jute seeds, jute leaves, urmoi leaves, arahar leaves, custard apple leaves, ganda leaves and stems, nisanda leaves, lantana leaves, kalomegh leaves and stems and holde hurhuri collected from BAU campus were used for preparation of extracts, which were applied for determining the % mortality of the above studied insects. The study revealed, the studied botanicals showed the significant adult mortality (%) of red pumpkin beetle at different hours after treatment i.e. 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours. In case of jute seed the mortality (%) found 70% at 24 hours, which reached in 83.33% at 48, 72 and 96 hours respectively. In this period, jute seed showed about 1.90, 1.49, 4.19, 1.10, 7.00, 3.00, 1.49, 4.19 and 5.25 times higher performances in comparison with jute leaves, urmoi leaves, arhar leaves, custard apple leaves, ganda leaves, nisinda leaves, lantana leaves, kalomegh and halde hurhuri, respectively. Here ganda leaves gave the worst insecticidal performances at all the studied intervals. The study also detected the somewhat same performances of the studied botanicals in case of black been aphid and okra jassid as like as red pumpkin beetle. However, in case of black bean aphid and okra jassis, the significant mortality (%) also achieved by the studied botanicals at different hours after treatment i.e. 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours. The mortality (%) ranged 5.00 to 26.67 % at 12 hours, which recorded as 21.67 to 78.33; 30.00 to 91.67 and 33.33 to 100% at 24, 36 and 48 hours, respectively in case of black bean aphid. On the other hand, the mortality (%) ranged 3.33 to 26.67, 21.67 to 80.00, 25.00 to 81.67 and 30.00 to 88.33% at 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours, respectively in okra jassid. After all, in some cases, though there was no significant variation between two or among more botanicals but always, the jute seed showed the highest performance than that of other studied botanicals. The custard apple leaves ranked in the 2 nd highest position whereas urmoi leaves and lantana jointly placed in the 3 rd highest position in case of red pumpkin beetle. In respect of black bean aphid and okra jassid the jute seed, custard apple leaves and urmoi leaves selected as the 1 st , 2 nd and 3 rd best botanicals the studied ones. The study also found out that the % mortality increased with passing the time after treatment up to a certain period in red pumpkin beetle and also in the last in travels in black bean aphid and okra jassid.
Herbal Pesticide Technology for Controlling Insects and Pest in Vegetable Crops
Production of different vegetable crops is adversely affected by harmful insects and pests, which causes severe economic losses to the growers. To contain these losses, farmers are widely using agro-chemicals, which are very harmful and toxic to the environment. As an alternative, several broad-spectrum herbal pesticides have been developed at Sadbhav SRISTI Sanshodhan Laboratory by pooling the best grassroots community based plant protection practices. These value added herbal pesticides provide low cost, extremely affordable and sustainable solutions for enhancing the productivity of small farmers. The developed herbal pesticides have been validated in field as well as in lab conditions. The production process includes identification and collection of correct plant materials, preparation of extracts, formulation, quality control of the final product and packaging. The products are stable for more than two years at normal storage conditions. The developed formulations are appropria...
Review on Some Plants as Bio -Pesticides
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY RESEARCH AND REVIEW , 2017
ABSTRACT - The study used Onion (Allium Cepa), Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) and Sour Orange (Citrus Aurantium) to assess their effectiveness as bio-pesticides. The study also revealed that plants play vital roles towards the storage of many food stuffs. The consideration for the used extracts of plants origin is that they were easily biodegradable, effective on some pests and considered safer in pest control operations as they minimized pesticide residues and also ensured safety of the consumers of the treated grains and the environment. Which in turn, the production of organic extracts of plant origin for pest control were easier and less expensive than the synthesized some of the complex chemical formations.
Potential of entomopathogens and neem oil against two emerging insect pests of vegetables
Bioefficacy of different entomopathogenic microorganisms, viz Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, Lecanicillium lecanii, Bacillus subtilis-2 and botanical, i.e. neem oil were tested alone and their 1:1 combination with neem oil against two emerging insect pests of vegetables. Among the entomopathogens, M. anisopliae IIVR strain was most promising against hadda beetle (Epilachna dodecastigmata), followed by M. anisopliae commercial formulation, whereas L. lecanii was highly effective against painted bugs (Bagrada hilaris). However, neem oil was the most effective biopesticides against duo insect pests. The per cent mortality changed in time dependent manner and the lowest median lethal time (LT 50) for neem oil against E. dodecastigmata and B. hilaris were 45.09 and 102.03 h, respectively. Combinations of these entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) and neem oil (1:1) had lower LT 50 values than each of their individual indicating the compatibility among them which was also confirmed through co-toxicity values greater than one in all the cases.
Use of neem extracts as bio-pesticides: Scoping review
Biospectra, 2022
Consequently, with the geometrically rising world population and the increasing pressure on food items, it has become increasingly necessary to increase food production from the present level. The possibility of achieving this is not only to increase production but also to protect the crops cultivated. Crop protection can be achieved through several means. One of such is the use of pesticides. This paper, therefore, reviews the use of neem extracts as bio-pesticides among other plant species with inherent pesticidal activities. It is no doubt that the chemical pesticides or insecticides possess inherent toxic substances that endangers the ecological environment, operators of application equipment, and consumers of agricultural products. It is therefore important that we encourage the use of biological pesticides as they affect only target pests, are easily biodegradable, increase farmland fertility, are environmentally friendly, cost-effective, and simple to availability. It is also important that because of the low cost of production of biopesticides it should be encouraged as an option in India in agricultural practices.
Neem: An Eco-Friendly Botanical Insecticide in Pest Management
Neem (Azadirachta indica A. Juss) is perhaps the most useful traditional medicinal plant in India. Each part of the neem tree has huge insecticidal property and is thus commercially exploitaed. During the last two decades, apart from the chemistry of the neem compounds, considerable progress has been achieved regarding the biological activity and insecticidal applications of neem. It is now considered as a valuable source of unique natural products for botanical insecticides against various pests. This review gives a bird's eye view mainly on the biological activities of some of the neem compounds isolated, insecticidal actions of the neem extracts, applications of neem has an eco friendly botanical insecticide in pest management along with their safety evaluation.
Neem leaf extract from plant specie, Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) was investigated for efficacy and economics in the control and management of insect pests in the Students' Experimental and Research Farm of Federal College of Agriculture, Ishiagu, Ebonyi State, Nigeria in 2015. The results revealed that the frequency of grasshopper as the most prevalent insect pest was (49.06%), while white fly was the least (6.6%). The most prevalent insect pest that attacked cucumber was the spotted Cucumber beetle, (43.95%), while aphid was the least. The treatment solution, Deltamethrin at 10 ml/litre and 20 ml/li were highly phytotoxic, killing some of the maize and cucumber plants; but at 5.0 ml/litre, the plants were not affected and insect population was reduced as in all other treatments. Infestation of the plant continued till the 56 days after planting (DAP) and the insect population was consistently low on plants treated with Neem extract from 21 DAP to 56 DAP. Infestation of untreated plants attained a peak at 41 DAP. Insect population on untreated plants was not significantly higher (P > 0.05) than those on treated plots at 21 DAP and 56 DAP, respectively. This was probably due to the treatment application, which did not start until 21 DAP. There was 81% reduction in leaf damage on plants treated with A. indica at 20 ml/litre, 80% reduction at 10 ml/litre and 72% at 5 ml/litre; while plants treated with Deltamethrin at 5 .0ml/litre gave 54%, at 3.75 ml/litre, 52% and at 2.5 ml/litre, 50%, reduction in leaf area damaged respectively. The cost of deltamethrin at N1, 150.00 per litre compared with the cost of preparing 500 grammes of pounded neem leaves soaked in 1.5 litres of distilled water at N200.00 only. The difference of N950.00 indicates that synthetic chemical pesticide is very costly and resource-poor farmers may not be able to afford them to control pests in their farms. Therefore, it is concluded that Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) (neem) extract can be a suitable alternative to synthetic pesticide for the management of crop pests, and since it is cheap, available and easy to prepare. If this simple technology is adopted by small scale farmers, will improve the farmers' income, without harming the farmer and consumers or disrupting agro-ecosystem.
Efficacy of plant extracts in plant disease management
The overzealous and indiscriminate use of most of the synthetic fungicides has created different types of environmental and toxicological problems. Recently, in different parts of the world, attention has been paid towards exploitation of higher plant products as novel chemotherapeu-tants in plant protection. The popularity of botanical pesticides is once again increasing and some plant products are being used globally as green pesticides. Pyrethroids and neem products are well established commercially as botanical pesticides and recently some essential oils of higher plants have also been used as an-timicrobials against storage pests because of their relatively safe status and wide acceptance by the consumers. Some of the volatile oils, which often contain the principal aromatic and flavouring components of herbs and spices, have been recommended as plant based antim-icrobials to retard microbial contamination and reduction in spoilage of food commodities. In the context of agricultural pest management, botanical pesticides are best suited for use in organic food production in industrialized countries but can play a much greater role in the production and post harvest protection of food products in developing countries.