Point prevalence & risk factor assessment for hospital-acquired infections in a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India (original) (raw)
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Indian Journal of Medical Research, 2017
Background & objectives: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a major challenge to patient safety and have serious public health implications by changing the quality of life of patients and sometimes causing disability or even death. The true burden of HAI remains unknown, particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to estimate point prevalence of HAI and study the associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India. Methods: A series of four cross-sectional point prevalence surveys were carried out between March and August 2014. Data of each patient admitted were collected using a structured data entry form. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines were used to identify and diagnose patients with HAI. Results: Overall prevalence of HAI was 3.76 per cent. Surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (25%), medical ICU (20%), burns ward (20%) and paediatric ward (12.17%) were identified to have significant association with HAI. Prolonged hospital stay [odds ratio (OR=2.81), mechanical ventilation (OR=18.57), use of urinary catheter (OR=7.89) and exposure to central airconditioning (OR=8.59) had higher odds of acquiring HAI (P<0.05). Interpretation & conclusions: HAI prevalence showed a progressive reduction over successive rounds of survey. Conscious effort needs to be taken by all concerned to reduce the duration of hospital stay. Use of medical devices should be minimized and used judiciously. Healthcare infection control should be a priority of every healthcare provider. Such surveys should be done in different healthcare settings to plan a response to reducing HAI.
TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association
Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections represent significant obstacles to providing high-quality healthcare and have been directly linked to ineffective infection control procedures. There is currently a shortage of trustworthy data in Bangladesh describing the epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), which is necessary for the development of effective infection prevention and control measures. This study's goal was to assess the frequency, nature, and risk factors of HAIs in acute care hospitals in Northern Bangladesh. Methods: This was a pilot point prevalent survey conducted in the medicine, surgery, gynecology, and obstetrics departments of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital between August 2022 to September 2022. Data were collected by two questionnaires for disease profile and hospital-acquired infection. In addition, a checklist was used for the observation of the infection prevention and control (IPC) status of different wards. Result: Approximately 900...
Epidemiological Profile of Hospital-acquired Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India
2019
Introduction: “Hospital-acquired infection (HAI)” can be defined as an infection acquired in hospital by a patient who was admitted for a reason other than that infection. Purpose: This study was done to observe the incidence of HAI (with bacteriological profile and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern) in the Orthopaedics Ward of Bankura Sammilani Medical College. Materials and Methods: A total of 2062 patients admitted for more than 48 h were studied for 1 year for the detection of the development of any of the HAI during hospitalization. On suspicion of the development of an HAI, representative samples for the diagnosis of a site-specific HAI were collected, processed, and interpreted. A total of 158 patients admitted for more than 48 h showing clinical features of any one of the HAIs were selected for sampling. Results: From the 158 samples collected during the study period, samples from 92 patients were positive in bacteriological culture. Conclusion: The study attempts to u...
Background: Health Care-Associated Infections (HCAI) affect millions of people each year and raise a great risk for patients in health care settings, leading to high rates of morbidity and mortality. Objective: To estimate the prevalence of HCAI and to explore the association between certain socio-demographic factors, invasive procedures and mean duration of hospital stay with HCAI in a tertiary-care hospital. Materials and Methods: Data was obtained from the patients who were admitted for more than 48 hours in the general wards and their records in tertiary-care hospital for duration of 3 months (February 2014 to April 2014). Results: Among 290 patients, the prevalence of HCAI was estimated to be 11.7%. The prevalence of HCAI was proportionately less among men (10.2%) than in women (14.2%), was more (15.6%) among patients who underwent invasive procedures after admission and with mean duration of hospital stay of 12.47 days. Conclusion: Health Care-Associated Infections (HCAIs) were found to be significantly associated with increased duration of hospital stay and invasive procedures done after admission. Prevalence was higher in patients aged more than 40 years.
2011
Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are critical and mostly preventable complications that occur in hospitalized patients and lead to major health and economic burdens. Most of the information on HAI risk factors and the recommended preventive measures is based on data acquired from only a few countries. The aim of this point prevalence HAI study conducted in Shiraz, Iran, was to study the local epidemiology of HAIs and the major risk factors for acquiring HAIs in a Middle-Eastern region. Methods: The study employed four identical point prevalence surveys in eight university hospitals, each consisting of 60-700 beds. The study was conducted during all four season of 2008-2009. All of the patients admitted for ≥48 h were studied, although the patients admitted to emergency wards were excluded. A standardized data collection form that included name, age, gender, presence or absence of HAI, administration of any antibiotics, insertion of a central line, use of an endotracheal tube, mechanical ventilation, and use of an urinary catheter was completed for each patient. The HAI definitions used in this study were based on the US National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) guidelines. Results: Data from 3450 patients were prospectively collected and analyzed. The overall HAI prevalence was 9.4%. The most common HAIs were blood stream infections (2.5%), surgical site infections (2.4%), urinary tract infections (1.4%), and pneumonia (1.3%). A logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio OR for males rather than females acquiring infections was 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-2.02). Other HAI risk factors included using a central intravascular catheter, adjusted OR of 3.86 (95% CI 2.38-6.26), and using an urinary catheter, adjusted OR risk factor. For all HAIs, the OR of acquiring infection was 3.24 (95% CI 2. 34-4.47) in the patients with hospital stays longer than eight days. A high discrepancy between HAIs and antibiotic use was observed. Antibiotics were administered to 71% of the patients, but only 9.4% of the patients also had at least one documented infection. Conclusion: This point prevalence study showed that HAIs are frequent in Shiraz university hospitals, and that the proportion of patients receiving antibiotics is high. The results imply that more primary prevention efforts are necessary to address HAIs associated with using indwelling devices and to prevent surgical site infections.
Journal of Infection and Public Health, 2012
Background: Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are critical and mostly preventable complications that occur in hospitalized patients and lead to major health and economic burdens. Most of the information on HAI risk factors and the recommended preventive measures is based on data acquired from only a few countries. The aim of this point prevalence HAI study conducted in Shiraz, Iran, was to study the local epidemiology of HAIs and the major risk factors for acquiring HAIs in a Middle-Eastern region. Methods: The study employed four identical point prevalence surveys in eight university hospitals, each consisting of 60-700 beds. The study was conducted during all four season of 2008-2009. All of the patients admitted for ≥48 h were studied, although the patients admitted to emergency wards were excluded. A standardized data collection form that included name, age, gender, presence or absence of HAI, administration of any antibiotics, insertion of a central line, use of an endotracheal tube, mechanical ventilation, and use of an urinary catheter was completed for each patient. The HAI definitions used in this study were based on the US National Nosocomial Infection Surveillance (NNIS) guidelines. Results: Data from 3450 patients were prospectively collected and analyzed. The overall HAI prevalence was 9.4%. The most common HAIs were blood stream infections (2.5%), surgical site infections (2.4%), urinary tract infections (1.4%), and pneumonia (1.3%). A logistic regression analysis showed that the odds ratio OR for males rather than females acquiring infections was 1.56 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.21-2.02). Other HAI risk factors included using a central intravascular catheter, adjusted OR of 3.86 (95% CI 2.38-6.26), and using an urinary catheter, adjusted OR risk factor. For all HAIs, the OR of acquiring infection was 3.24 (95% CI 2. 34-4.47) in the patients with hospital stays longer than eight days. A high discrepancy between HAIs and antibiotic use was observed. Antibiotics were administered to 71% of the patients, but only 9.4% of the patients also had at least one documented infection. Conclusion: This point prevalence study showed that HAIs are frequent in Shiraz university hospitals, and that the proportion of patients receiving antibiotics is high. The results imply that more primary prevention efforts are necessary to address HAIs associated with using indwelling devices and to prevent surgical site infections.
Drug, Healthcare and Patient Safety, 2016
Purpose: Hospital-acquired infection (HAI) is a major safety issue affecting the quality of care of hundreds of millions of patients every year, in both developed and developing countries, including Ethiopia. In Ethiopia, there is no comprehensive research that presents the whole picture of HAIs in hospitals. The objective of this study was to examine the nature and extent of HAIs in Ethiopia. Methods: A repeated cross-sectional study was conducted in two teaching hospitals. All eligible inpatients admitted for at least 48 hours on the day of the survey were included. The survey was conducted in dry and wet seasons of Ethiopia, that is, in March to April and July 2015. Physicians and nurses collected the data according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention definition of HAIs. Coded and cleaned data were transferred to SPSS 21 and STATA 13 for analysis. Univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to examine the prevalence of HAIs and relationship between explanatory and outcome variables. Results: A total of 908 patients were included in this survey, the median age of the patients was 27 years (interquartile range: 16-40 years). A total of 650 (71.6%) patients received antimicrobials during the survey. There were 135 patients with HAI, with a mean prevalence of 14.9% (95% confidence interval 12.7-17.1). Culture results showed that Klebsiella spp. (22.44%) and Staphylococcus aureus (20.4%) were the most commonly isolated HAI-causing pathogens in these hospitals. The association of patient age and hospital type with the occurrence of HAI was statistically significant. Conclusion: It was observed that the prevalence of HAI was high in the teaching hospitals. Surgical site infections and pneumonia were the most common types of HAIs. Hospital management should give more attention to promoting infection prevention practice for better control of HAIs in teaching hospitals.
2022
Purpose: Hospital acquired infection (HAI) is an infection acquired a major global concern of wellbeing, affecting the quality of care in the health care setting. Routine surveillance of infection is an important part of infection prevention (IP) and quality assurance in hospitals. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated factors of HAI at inpatients, in Hawassa university comprehensive specialized hospital (HUCSH). Method and materials: A weekly based cross-sectional study was conducted at inpatients in HUCSH. All eligible inpatients admitted for at least three days on the day of survey were included. The study was conducted from June 28/2021 to August 23/2021. Environmental health professionals and nurses collected the data according to the Centers for Disease Control through observational assessment documented by physician. Coded and cleaned data from Epi-data version 3.5 were transferred to SPSS version 23 for analysis. Univariate and multivaria...