Epidemiological Profile of Hospital-acquired Infection in a Tertiary Care Hospital of Eastern India (original) (raw)
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STUDY OF HOSPITAL-ACQUIRED INFECTIONS IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL-A PILOT STUDY.
Introduction: Nosocomial infections are those infections acquired as a result of treatment in a hospital or health care service providing center so they are also known as hospital-acquired infections(HAI). Nosocomial infections usually encountered include urinary tract infection, respiratory tract infection and Enterococci infections. Objectives: Study was focused on determining the various nosocomial infection occurring in tertiary care hospital, common microorganisms involved in causing nosocomial infection and commonly used antibiotic for treatment of nosocomial infections. Methodology: This was a prospective, cross-sectional, and observational study carried out in different wards and departments of a tertiary care hospital for a period of six months. Patients data was collected from the inpatient profile form, patient history records, laboratory data. Results: A total number of 100 subjects included from different wards to evaluate the study. The percentage of male subjects and female subjects was calculated 42% and 58% respectively. all the subjects were found below the age of 75 years, maximum subjects(35%) were found in age group of 20-40 years. The obtained data shows that most of the subjects were infected by gram-negative microorganism(80%), maximum number of cases were found infected with urinary tract infection(52%), followed by surgical site infection(43%), neonatal infection(3%) and respiratory tract infection(2%). The common microorganisms involved in causing nosomial infections was Escherichia coli(44%), Enterococcus spp.(15%), Enterobacter spp.(28%). Antibiotics such as nitrofurantoin, cefoperazon+sulbactum, amikacin were mostly used for the treatment of various nosocomial infections. Conclusion: It was concluded that gram-negative and gram-positive pathogens were responsible for majority of nosocomial infections occurring in a tertiary care hospital. In the study, maximum number of cases were found infected with urinary tract infection, followed by surgical site infection. The most common bacteria found was Escherichia coli, Enterobacter spp., Enterococcus spp. Most effective antimicrobial agent for gram-negative pathogens wereimepenem, nitrofurantoin and amikacin and for gram-positive pathogens was linezolid.
IAR Consortium, 2022
Healthcare Facility Associated/Acquired infections are one of the biggest challenges that healthcare providers face in the patients safety, quality care. These healthcare associated infections acquired during stay in the healthcare facility especially in intensive care units, critical care units, neonatal care units are more compared to other areas of the healthcare facility. Hence it is obligatory on the part of the healthcare professionals and providers to follow the Disinfectant Programs strictly and also the hygienic conditions and guidelines imparted by the healthcare providers as self regulated guidelines in accordance with the facility i.e. in question. Of these, frequent hand washing remains the single most important in infection control program. However identifying mechanisms to ensure compliance of healthcare professionals, Para medical staff remains a perplexing problem. The covid-19 pandemic has given a big lesson for the healthcare providers in strictly following healthcare facility infection control that have surfaced during this Pandemic period. Gloves, Gowns, PPE Kits, masks have played a major role in preventing infections and maintaining physical distance in preventing infections caused due to contacts. In this article, an honest attempt is made in identifying the healthcare facility infections, their symptoms, cause of infections, and remedial measures that are to be followed not only by the healthcare professionals, Para medical staff, providers but the patients and the visitors. These infections place havoc in increasing procedural costs to the patients extra stay than the normal procedural stay in the facility, use of heavy antibiotics that causes loss of immunity in the patient and thereby prolong the recovery time. These infections that are contracted during healthcare facility stay in addition to the above losses the patient lose his/her earnings if he/she is an earning person and at times if the infection is severe and any permanent disablement will lose his/her earnings, finally death will jeopardize the families existence. The regulatory authorities like World Health Organization, NABH in India, JCI, National guidelines for infection, prevention and control in healthcare facilty’s (NGIPCHC) etc are playing an important role not only in the preparation of guidelines but also to improvise them with the help of statistical material that are being collected from time to time. Whatever may be regulatory authorities’ guidelines people associated with the healthcare and the patients should maintan personal hygienic, frequent handwashing and maintaining physical distance is more and more important.
The Indian journal of medical research, 2017
Hospital-acquired infections (HAIs) are a major challenge to patient safety and have serious public health implications by changing the quality of life of patients and sometimes causing disability or even death. The true burden of HAI remains unknown, particularly in developing countries. The objective of this study was to estimate point prevalence of HAI and study the associated risk factors in a tertiary care hospital in Pune, India. A series of four cross-sectional point prevalence surveys were carried out between March and August 2014. Data of each patient admitted were collected using a structured data entry form. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention guidelines were used to identify and diagnose patients with HAI. Overall prevalence of HAI was 3.76 per cent. Surgical Intensive Care Unit (ICU) (25%), medical ICU (20%), burns ward (20%) and paediatric ward (12.17%) were identified to have significant association with HAI. Prolonged hospital stay [odds ratio (OR=2.81), mecha...
TAJ: Journal of Teachers Association
Introduction: Healthcare-associated infections represent significant obstacles to providing high-quality healthcare and have been directly linked to ineffective infection control procedures. There is currently a shortage of trustworthy data in Bangladesh describing the epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections (HAIs), which is necessary for the development of effective infection prevention and control measures. This study's goal was to assess the frequency, nature, and risk factors of HAIs in acute care hospitals in Northern Bangladesh. Methods: This was a pilot point prevalent survey conducted in the medicine, surgery, gynecology, and obstetrics departments of Rajshahi Medical College Hospital between August 2022 to September 2022. Data were collected by two questionnaires for disease profile and hospital-acquired infection. In addition, a checklist was used for the observation of the infection prevention and control (IPC) status of different wards. Result: Approximately 900...
An overview of hospital acquired infections and the role of the microbiology laboratory
International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences, 2014
According to the World Health Organization a Hospital-Acquired Infection is, "an infection acquired in hospital by a patient who was admitted for a reason other than that infection. This includes infections acquired in the hospital but appearing after discharge and also occupational infections among staff of the facility". 1 In other words nosocomial infections are those infections acquired in hospital or healthcare service unit that first appear 48 hours or more after hospital admission or within 30 days after discharge following in-patient care. 2 HAI is a localized or systemic condition that results from adverse reactions to the presence of an infectious agent(s) that was not present or incubating at the time of admission to the hospital from the centre for disease control. 3 MAGNITUDE OF THE PROBLEM Hospital acquired infections are a worldwide phenomenon. Patient care is provided in settings ranging from small health care clinics with basic facilities to large sophisticated highly equipped hospitals with state of the art technology. Despite progress in public health and hospital care, infections continue to develop in hospitalized patients and also in hospital staff. The World Health Organization (WHO) called HAIs a major cause of death and disability for patients. A survey on HAIs reveals that at any time, over 1.4 million people worldwide are suffering from infections acquired in treatment centres, with an estimated 80,000 deaths annually. The actual rates vary from 5% to 10% of all patients admitted to modern healthcare centres in the industrialized world to up to 25% in developing countries. The risk of health care-associated infection in developing countries is 2 to 20 times higher than in developed countries. 1 IMPACT OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTIONS Hospital-acquired infections add to functional disability and emotional stress of the patient and may, in some cases, lead to disabling conditions that reduce the quality of life. The costs of nosocomial infections in terms of both money and human suffering are enormous. 4 ABSTRACT Every year, many lives are lost because of the spread of infections in hospitals. These nosocomial infections, also called hospital acquired infections (HAI) are infections that patients acquire during the course of receiving healthcare treatment for other conditions. HAIs are a cause of significant morbidity and mortality in patients receiving healthcare, and the costs direct and indirect of these infections deplete the already limited financial resources allocated to healthcare delivery.
Hospital Acquired Infections (Hai): Control and Management
Journal of emerging technologies and innovative research, 2020
The prevalence of hospital acquired infections (HAI), commonly called as nosocomial infection in medical terms still exists in major well developed hospitals in many countries. The aim is to check for the level of hospital acquired infection and their level, steps taken to control and effective management of the same. Using standard protocol 100 staffs and 50 patients were taken for the study. Only intensive care units (ICU) patients were taken for study since the rate of infection is very high among these patients. Questionnaires were distributed to collect data and thorough observation was done throughout the hospital on what steps and procedures they are following for the prevention of hospital acquired infection. Study revealed that even though they strictly stick to the Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs), the level of hospital acquired infection sometimes exceeds the benchmark.
Bengal Physician Journal
Background Nosocomial infections are the foremost reasons for morbidity and mortality among hospitalized patients. Rampant use of antibiotics in infections has led to the emergence of multiresistant bacteria worldwide. Periodical review of sensitivity profiles is of utmost importance for optimal patient benefit. Aims and objectives To explore the spectrum of organisms responsible for intensive care unit (ICU) and inpatient hospital-acquired sepsis and evaluate the pattern of antibiotic sensitivity of the organisms. Materials and methods Samples were collected from all consecutive patients getting fever and satisfying the criteria for a nosocomial infection indoor as well as ICU, irrespective of etiology. They included sputum, blood, urine, and wound swabs. All samples were sent for a routine examination as well as a culture and sensitivity test. Descriptive statistical methods were used with the help of SPSS version 21. Results The most frequent organisms for nosocomial infections i...
A study on hospital acquired infection and prevention in CCU at College of Medicine &JNM Hospital
IOSR Journals , 2019
A hospital-acquired infection (HAI), also known as a nosocomial infection is an infection that is acquired in a hospital or other health care field.Hospital acquired infection are major complication in every unit of hospital, Specially Critical Care Unit. Hospital acquired infection is burden for the society. This increased morbidity, mortality, cost of treatment and also hospital staying condition. Mostly patients, their relatives & health care provider get infected by the nosocomial infection. The main aims of this study were to To assess magnitude of different hospital acquired infection (HCAI) ,duration of stay and antibiotic use in CCU and also to assess the cleanness practice among doctors and staffs in CCU. An observational studywas conducted during the period of two months in department of CCU, College of Medicine and JNM hospital. The data has been collected by visiting at the CCU on daily basis at 10 am in the morning to note the type of patients, signs, symptoms, demographic, vital etc. of nosocomial infection as per the guideline of center for disease control and prevention (CDC). By using the detail record of admitted patients and also by interaction with clinical staffs, absence or presence of nosocomial infection was established. Statistical technique used for further evaluation analysis. During the 2months period a total of 84 patients were admitted in CCU of College of Medicine And JNM Hospital for more than 48hours and were included in the study. In admitted 84 patients, 28 (33.33%) were confirmed and documented with nosocomial infection.Out of 28 nosocomial infected patients ,that rate of urinary tract infection ,respiratory tract infection ,surgical site infection, intravascular infection and other was 15(53.57%) ,9(32.14%), 6(21.42%) ,8(28.57%) and 5(17.85%) respectively.