Chromatographic profiles of extractives from leaves of Eugenia uniflora (original) (raw)
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Pharmacognosy Research
Background: The traditional use of Eugenia uniflora L. ("Pitanga") is reported due to several properties, which have often been related to its flavonoid content. Objective: The aim was to evaluate analytical procedures for quantification of total flavonoids content (TFCs) by ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometry in the herbal material (HM), crude extract (CE), and fractions from leaves of E. uniflora. Materials and Methods: The method for quantification of flavonoids after complexation with aluminum chloride (AlCl 3) was evaluated: amount of sample (0.25-1.5 g); solvent (40%-80% ethanol); reaction time and AlCl 3 concentration (2.5%-7.5%). The procedures by direct dilution (DD) and after acid hydrolysis (AH) were used and validated for HM and CE and applied to the aqueous fraction (AqF), hexane fraction, and ethyl acetate fractions (EAF). Results: The ideal conditions of analysis were ethanol 80% as solvent; 0.5 g of sample; λmax of 408 (DD) and 425 nm (AH); 25 min after addition of AlCl 3 5%. The procedures validated for standards and samples showed linearity (R² > 0.99) with limit of detection and limit of quantification between 0.01 and 0.17 mg/mL (rutin and quercetin); and 0.03 and 0.09 mg/mL (quercetin), for DD and AH, respectively. The procedures were accurate (detect, practice, and repair <5% and recovery >90%), and stable under robustness conditions (luminosity, storage, reagents, and equipment). The TFCs in AqF and EAF were 0.65 g% and 17.72 g%, calculated as rutin. Conclusions: UV-Vis methods for quantification of TFC in HM, CE, and fractions from leaves of E. uniflora were suitably validated. Regarding the analysis of fractions, the EAF achieved enrichment of about nine times in the content of flavonoids.
Analysis of Flavanoids in Aqueous Extract of Eugenia uniflora (L.) Leaves Using HPTLC
2016
Most of the traditional medicinal plants in India are not scientifically validated. Scientific evaluation along with traditional knowledge is essential to obtain effective drugs for commercial purpose. The aim of the study was to establish the chemical fingerprint of flavonoid profile in aqueous extract of Eugenia uniflora leaves. Fingerprint analysis by HPTLC has become an effective and powerful tool for linking the chemical constituent profile of the plants with botanical identity and for the estimation of chemical and biochemical markers. HPTLC analysis was done and profiles were developed for authentication. The aqueous extract of Eugenia uniflora showed the presence of several flavonoids. The development of such fingerprint for leaves is useful in differentiating the species from the adulterant and also acts as biomarker for this plant in pharmaceutical industry. Geedhu Daniel and S.Krishnakumari Department of Biochemistry,Kongunadu Arts and Science College,Coimbatore,Tamilnadu...
The demand for herbal medicine is increasing as herbs are less toxic, affordable, and culturally acceptable than the conventional drugs in developing countries. Thus, the increase in demand for standardization to ensure safety, purity and quality of medicinal plant. Standardization is a process of confirming herbal medicine identity and determination of its quality and purity. It involves botanical, physical, chemical and biological evaluations. These require application of different analytical methods and tools for standardization and phytochemical investigation of medicinal plants. The aim of this review is to explore analytical methods used for standardization of medicinal plants. A comprehensive web based literature review is employed in order to retrieve relevant information using international scientific databases including PubMed, Science direct, Web of Science, Google scholar. The review of selected 34 original published research articles were evaluated and summarized. The result this review showed that several analytical methods are employed and developed for standardization including chromatographic, TLC, GC, HPTLC and HPLC fingerprints, spectroscopic; UV, Fluorescence, MS, FT-IR, AAS and NMR are commonly applied techniques for different analytical purposes which are mainly used in physicochemical and phytochemical characterization of medicinal plants. Gel electrophoresis and DNA fingerprint are also applicable for botanical identification. The choice of analytical methods may depend on phytochemical, physicochemical nature of medicinal plant, selectivity and accuracy of analytical method. Development of selective analytical method is recommended for pesticide and Alfa toxin analysis to further ensure safety, quality and for complete standardization of medicinal plants.
Standardization, evaluation and quantification of herbal drugs by various analytical methods
International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine
This review article encompasses the various evaluation parameters of standardization of different medicinal plants and its constituents. In today’s life, more and more people of the world are turning towards the use of natural or herbal products as these have very less or negligible side effects. As the use of herbal medicinal products is increasing day by day, the questions regarding their quality are also arising. This is due to lack of parameters for the standardization of these products. There is a need to set different parameters or methods that can help to standardize the herbal medicinal plant materials. Various methods like physical, chemical, biological is used for standardization and quality evaluation of herbal medicinal plants. These methods can act as a basic tool for the quality evaluation of herbal plant materials. Different parameters of standardization are the fundamental tool for evaluating and assuring the quality of the herbal plant material and its products. Thi...
Determination of Properties of Selected Fresh and Processed Medicinal Plants
Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2015
The study aimed to determine the chemical properties, bioactive compounds, antioxidant activity and toxicity level of fresh and processed medicinal plants such as corn (Zea mays) silk, pancit-pancitan (Peperomiapellucida) leaves, pandan (Pandanus amaryllifolius) leaves, and commercially available tea. The toxicity level of the samples was measured using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Assay (BSLA). Statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). Results showed that in terms of chemical properties there is significant difference between fresh and processed corn silk except in crude fiber content was noted. Based on proximate analyses of fresh and processed medicinal plants specifically in terms of % moisture, %crude protein and % total carbohydrates were also observed. In addition, there is also significant difference on bioactive compound contents such as total flavonoids and total phenolics between fresh and processed corn silk except in total vitamin E (TVE) content. Pandan and pancit-pancitan showed significant difference in all bioactive compounds except in total antioxidant content (TAC). Fresh pancit-pancitan has the highest total phenolics content (TPC) and TAC, while the fresh and processed corn silk has the lowest TAC and TVE content, respectively. Furthermore, results of BSLA for the three medicinal plants and commercially available tea extract showed after 24 hours exposure significant difference in toxicity level was observed. The percentage mortality increased with an increase in exposure time of the three medicinal plants and tea extract. The results of the study can served as baseline data for further processing and commercialization of these medicinal plants.
The Phytochemical and Thin Layer Chromatography Profile of Ethnomedcinal Plant
2020
The plants have provided valuable medicines in the form of secondary metabolites synthesized by them for various purposes. The present study deals with the phytochemical profiling of Helicia nilagrica using various phytochemical procedures and thin layer chromatography. The mature non-infected stem bark of Helicia nilagirica was collected, dried, powdered and subjected to sequential extraction with increasing polarity using petroleum ether, chloroform, ethanol and distilled water. The different extracts were cooled and evaporated to dryness with rotary evaporator. The phytochemical analyses were carried out on chloroform, ethanol and aqueous extracts. The chloroform extract revealed the presence of flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids, cardiac glycosides, whereas alkaloids, saponins and carbohydrates were completely absent. Similarly, the ethanol extract contained flavonoids, tannins, phenols and cardiac glycosides. The aqueous extract showed the presence of saponins, tannins, cardiac gl...
Revista Brasileira de …, 2011
Myrcia uniflora Barb. Rodr., Myrtaceae, popularly known as "pedra-hume-caá" in Brazil, is sold as dry extracts in capsules or as tinctures for the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Previous phytochemical studies on this species described the occurrence of the flavonoids mearnsitrin and myricitrin. In the present study, the chromatographic profiles of M. uniflora leaves and commercial extracts were determined using HPLC-PAD. Myricitrin was used as an external standard in the development and validation of the HPLC method. The proposed method is simple, rapid and reliable and can be successfully applied in industry for standardization of herbs and phytomedicines commercialised in Brazil as "pedra-hume-caá".
The Journal of Supercritical Fluids, 2011
Different extraction processes were employed to extract the polyphenolic compounds from pitanga (Eugenia uniflora L.) leaves: a one-step process using water, ethanol or supercritical CO 2 as solvents, and a two-step process using supercritical CO 2 followed by either water or ethanol. The total polyphenolic compounds, total flavonoids and antioxidant activity were determined in all the extracts obtained. The process performance was evaluated with respect to three variables: global extraction yield, concentration and yield of both polyphenols and flavonoids in the extracts. For the one-step extraction, the results showed that the extraction yield increased with solvent polarity. For the two-step process, the results suggested that water was more efficient in extracting the phenolic compounds from E. uniflora when the matrix was previously extracted with scCO 2 . With respect to the antioxidant activity, the ethanolic extracts obtained from both processes, using either the DPPH radical scavenging method or the -carotene bleaching method, presented high antioxidant activities.
Foods (Basel, Switzerland), 2018
The use of nutrient-rich foods to enhance the wellness, health and lifestyle habits of consumers is globally encouraged. Native fruits are of great interest as they are grown and consumed locally and take part of the ethnobotanic knowledge of the population. Pitanga is an example of a native fruit from Uruguay, consumed as a jelly or an alcoholic beverage. Pitanga has a red-violet pigmentation, which is a common trait for foods that are a good source of antioxidants. Hence, fruits from different Uruguayan regions were analyzed via miniaturized sample preparation method, HPLC-DAD-ESI/MS and RP-HPLC-DAD techniques to identify and quantify phenolic compounds, respectively. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated via DPPH and ORAC (Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity) assays. A multivariate linear regression was applied to correlate the observed antioxidant capacity with the phenolic content. Furthermore, Principal Components Analysis was performed to highlight characteristics between the...