Overview of Wound Healing and Management (original) (raw)
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Wound Healing Process, Phases of Wound Healing and Risk Factors: A Review
Wound healing is a complex process in which the skin (or another organ) repairs itself after injury. Various cells and biological molecules work together in this process to repair the damaged tissue. The first step in wound healing is for the body to stop the bleeding. This is done by clotting factors in the blood coming into contact with damaged endothelial cells lining the blood vessels. Once bleeding has stopped, repair cells called fibroblasts migrate into the area to start synthesizing collagen fibers and other materials needed to rebuild the tissue. At the same time, new blood vessels begin to form, and inflammatory cells help clear away debris. As collagen is laid down and cross-linked, a temporary scaffold is formed that will eventually be replaced by permanent scar tissue. The rate of wound healing varies depending on many factors, including age, nutrition, immune status, and chronic health conditions.
Chronic wounds and current treatments
Journal of applied biotechnology & bioengineering, 2023
Wound healing is a complex physiological activity that occurs in the body when cell tissue is injured. 1 The process occurs in four overlapping stages and includes many different cytokines, mediators, and the vascular system. The four stages include homeostasis, inflammation, proliferation, and tissue remodeling. The inflammation and proliferation stages overlap each other and use similar cell types. The whole wound-healing process takes a couple of days to seal the wound but years for it to completely heal. 1 Once a wound has been created the homeostasis stage begins immediately to help control the bleeding. 2 The body begins with vascular constriction and fibrin clots to stop the bleeding. Several growth factors: (TGF)-β, platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF), fibroblast growth factor (FGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) are released to help repair the tissue. 2 The wound healing-healing process moves onto the inflammatory stage once the inflammatory cells move to the wound. The inflammation cells are followed by neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes to help prevent infection and remove anything that would hamper the wound-healing process. The proliferation stage occurs during the inflammation stage with the introduction of macrophages. 3 The macrophages are important to heal cell tissues in the wound. The proliferation stage helps repair and create new tissue for the wound. Fibroblasts and endothelial cells are released during this stage to help create new cells that were lost from the wound. 3
Journal of The American Academy of Dermatology, 1988
This report reflects the best data available at the time the report was prepared, but caution should be exercised in interpreting the data. The results of future studies may require alteration of the conclusions or recommendations set forth in this report.
Wound Healing and Wound Management
1994
The use of registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. Product Liability: The publishers can give no guarantee for information about drug dosage and applications thereof contained in this book. In every individual case the respective user must check its accuracy by consulting other pharmaceutical literature.
The Physiology of Wound Healing: Injury Through Maturation
Surgical Clinics of North America, 2009
The physiology of wound healing is repeatedly described in medical literature. Most classic descriptions of wound healing consist of three phases: inflammation, proliferation, and maturation. However, the three phases of wound healing are not discrete events. The true complexity of healing evolves with increasing knowledge of cellular interactions and inflammatory mediators. The stages of wound healing occur both sequentially and simultaneously. Several variations exist in the recent literature, trying to create a framework for the molecular biology and cellular physiology of the healing process. The following description of wound healing provides a general summary of the events, cellular components, and influential mediators of wound healing over time. INJURY The initiation of healing starts with the creation of a wound. A wound is defined as an injury to the body that typically involves laceration or breaking of a membrane and damage to the underlying tissues. 1 Injury can occur from any number of mechanical or thermal forces that lead to disruption of the skin and damage to the connective tissue and vasculature. Bleeding ensues along with exposure of collagen, endothelium, and intravascular and extravascular proteins. This environment serves as a stimulus for hemostasis. HEMOSTASIS The resolution of injury begins with hemostasis. Vasoconstriction and clot formation lead to cessation of bleeding. Hemostasis is achieved through the activation of platelets and the coagulation cascade.
The physiology of wound healing The physiology of wound healing
Wound healing is a complex biological process which results in the restoration of tissue integrity. Physiologically, it can be broken down into four distinct phases of haemostasis, inflammation, proliferation and tissue remodelling. This article describes the cellular basis of wound healing and the extracellular signalling processes which control them. The function of platelets, neutrophils, macrophages and fibroblasts are considered in detail. The concept of healing by primary and secondary intention is discussed. Many factors are known to adversely affect healing including malnutrition, hypoxia, immunosuppression, chronic disease and surgery. It is essential that surgeons understand the key physiological processes involved in healing in order to minimize patient morbidity from delayed healing.