Comparative Assessment of the Extraction Ability of Some Vegetables for Metals in Contaminated Soils Obtained from the Challawa Industrial Estate, Kano, Nigeria (original) (raw)
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This study attempts to investigate the phytochemical composition, bioconcentration and transfer factors of some selected edible vegetable consumed in Owerri metropolis (Imo State) Nigeria. The concentration of metals in different soils analyzed ranged from 1.65 ± 0.02 to 4.90 ± 0.03 mg/Kg Ni; 67.26 ± 0.74 to 137.87 ± 0.10 mg/Kg Zn; 3.11 ± 0.02 to 13.91 ± 0.02 mg/Kg Pb; 55.32 ± 0.32 to 85.68 ± 0.04 mg/Kg Cu; 2.73 ± 0.03 to 5.80 ± 0.10 mg/Kg Cd and 0.08 ± 0.01 to 0.18 ± 0.01 mg/Kg As. Geo-accumulation index used to established the extent of metal accumulation of the sample stations indicates contamination by cadmium. The levels of metals (Ni, Zn, Pb, Cu, Cd, As) in the various leafy vegetables were within the recommended limits except for lead which was higher than recommended limits, with minimum and maximum values of 2.35 ± 0.18 mg/Kg and 3.03 ± 0.88 mg/Kg respectively. Results revealed that the vegetables investigated were good accumulator of lead, copper and arsenic with significantly high transfer factors which ranged from 0.136 (Ocimum gratissmum) to 0.679 (Solanum macrocarpon), 0.06 (Corchorus Olitorius) to 0.257 (Ocimum gratissmum) and 0.056 (Solanum macrocarpon) to 0.625 (Corchorus Olitorius) respectively. Flavonoid, alkanoid, tannin, saponin and steroid were the phytochemicals detected in the various leafy vegetables investigated, and their concentration ranges from 0.09 -1.43 g/100g, 0.83 -1.06 g/100g, 0.11 -0.14 g/100g, 0.97 -1.40 g/100g and 0.06 -0.11 g/100g respectively.
A Study of the Uptake of Heavy Metals by Plants near Metal-Scrap Dumpsite in Zaria, Nigeria
Journal of Applied Chemistry, 2014
The research work investigates the metal uptake of the plants Lycopersicon esculentum (tomato), Rumex acetosa (sorrel), and Solanum melongena (garden egg) collected from experimental sites and a control area in Zaria, Nigeria. The concentrations of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn in different parts of each of the plant species grown on the experimental and control soils were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The experimental levels of the metals were higher than those at the control site and the limits recommended by Food and Agricultural Organisation/World Health Organisation (FAO/WHO). Solanum melongena showed bioaccumulation factor (BF) and transfer factor (TF) greater than 1 for Cd, Pb, and Mn; Rumex acetosa showed BF and TF greater than 1 for Mn and Zn, and TF was greater than 1 for Cu and Fe; Lycopersicon esculentum had only the TF for Fe, Pb, Mn, and Zn greater than 1. This results implies that Solanum melongena and Rumex acetosa plants can be effectively used ...
Bioaccumulation of Heavy Metals in Leafy Vegetables Around Dumpsites in Zaria, Nigeria
2022
This study examined the status and bioavailability of three potential toxic metals (Cd, Pb and Cr) in three selected garden fields located at Dogon Bauchi road, Galma bridge and Lambu in Zaria metropolis. Maje road, Tudun Wada, Zaria was selected as control site. Composite soil samples consisting of ten auger points were collected for each of the locations at 0-15 cm depth and bulked. The samples were air-dried for 14 days, crushed and sieved through 2mm for further analysis. The samples of two crops were also collected; amaranthus-Amaranthus caudatus and lettuce-Lactuca sativa according to their physiological age by uprooting. The concentration of Cadmium, Lead and Cromium from both soil and plant samples were determined and the data was subjected to analysis of variance. The total concentration of Cd, Pb and Cr in the soils
African Online Journals (Biological & Environmental Sciences Journal for the Tropics), 2024
The uncontrolled man’s action has resulted into ecological Armageddon, and natures requite in a myriad form; of such man’s action is the contamination of the soil with heavy metals. The understanding that man is the precipice of his actions, account phytoremediation a costless, and ecofriendly process for the restoration of the shrinking soils. The adoption of Banana, Guava and Pawpaw fruits for the decontamination of heavy metal polluted soil from the Etelebou dumpsite form the bases of this study. The study recorded the presence of Pb, Cd, Cr, Ni, Fe, cu and Zn in the soil and in the fruits respectively. The account of the element in the fruit is in a multifold of the desire level due to the contaminated soil. The plants poses the ability to bio accumulates, translocation of heavy metals in varied quantities in the plants aerial parts (fruits).The extractions and accumulation of the metals were higher in the fruit peels than the edible parts, serving a good hypercummulator to the metals. The study demonstrated hyperaccumulative ability of plant, whose fruits should not be considered for consumption for the purpose of these exercise. Theplants via its fruits, if successfully applied can served cost effective, ecofriendly and easy decontamination purposes for heavy metal polluted soils.
The south bank of River Benue usually cultivated both in the wet and dry seasons is characterized by anthropogenic activities such as wastes disposal, burning of animal skin and remains and heavy traffic on the bridge. Run-off water from rains could wash heavy metals amongst other contaminants into the river or leave them as sediments on the farm soils and these could be taken up by the vegetables grown on them. This gave impetus to investigating the concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in Telfairia occidentalis (fluted pumpkin), Talinium triangulare (water leaf) and Amaranthus hybridus (spinach) cultivated along the south bank of River Benue in Makurdi and their farm soils using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The mean concentrations (mg/kg) of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni and Pb in T. occidentalis were 0.0043, 0.0268, 0.2501, 0.2047 and 0.1868; T. triangulare: 0.0058, 0.0090, 0.0902, 0.2207 and 0.1641 and A. hybridus: 0.0078, 0.0172, 0.0863, 0.0714 and 0.2441, respectively. The mean concentration of the heavy metals in the farm soils ranged between 0.0146 mg/kg cadmium to 4.4992 mg/kg lead in T. triangulare and A. hybridus farm soils respectively. The concentrations of the metals in the vegetables and farm soils showed strong positive correlations. The soil-plant transfer factors of the heavy metals revealed very high absorption of Ni (2.094) and Cu (2.601) by T. triangulare and A. hybridus, respectively. T. occidentalis recorded high absorption of Ni (0.758) and Pb (0.646). Generally, the concentrations of the heavy metals in the soils and vegetable were below the permissible limits set by European Union, WHO/FAO, and Nigerian Agency for Int. J. Environ. Bioener. 2013, 8(2): 56-67
Advances in Applied Science Research, 2014
Vegetable growing along major highways with heavy vehicular movement has been a serious concern to food safety specialist in large cities. The contributions of heavy metals in selected vegetables through atmospheric deposition were quantified using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The level of some heavy metal (.Pb, Cu, Fe, and Cr) were examined in the edible portion of Telfciria occidentals, Corchorus olitorius, Celocia argentea, and Thymus Vulgaries, grown along Nigeria-Republic of Benin border Seme. The results showed that the levels of heavy metal ranged from 21.69 ± 7.36 μg/g Cu to172.87 ±62.05 μg/g Fe in Telfaria occidentalis, 21.74±13.00 μg/g Pb to 304.50±72.77 μg/g Fe in Corchorus olitorius, 16.75±10.54 μg/g Pb to 260.74±215.37 μg/g Fe in Celocia argentea and 23.53±3.52 μg/g Cu to 406.33±225.06 μg/g Fe in Thymus Vulgaries were recorded in site A. The value heavy metal contamination obtained from site B ranged from 18.91±11.98 μg/g Pb to 166.49 ± 86.22 μg/g Fe in Telfaria...
This study investigated the concentration and bioaccumulation of Heavy metals of plants within waste dumpsites in Ozoro, South-South Nigeria. The soil and plants parts (Root and shoot) were obtained from the dumpsite and at a farm land far away from the dumpsite (Control site). The soil and plant parts were digested using aqua regia and analysed for heavy metals using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (Buck 200A model). Musa paradisiacal (Plantain), Manihot esculenta (Cassava), Colocasia esculenta (Cocoyam) and Carica papaya (Pawpaw) were studied. The heavy metals cadmium, copper, Iron, lead, manganese and zinc were analyzed. The metal concentration in mg/kg ranged thus; Cd (0.01 – 0.06); Cu (0.01 – 0.08); Fe (0.01 – 0.08); Pb (0.01 – 0.07); Mn (0.01 – 0.06) and Zn (0.01 – 0.05). The metal concentrations in the dumpsite soil and plants were relatively higher than those from the control site. Musa paradisiacal and Manihot esculenta had their heavy metals concentrations accumulated more in the roots than in the shoots while Colocasia esculenta and Carica papaya had heavy metal concentration more in the shoot than in the root. Bioaccumulation Factor of the studied plants showed that Musa paradisiacal is a bioaccumulator for Manganese, Manihot esculenta and Colocasia esculenta are bioaccumulators for cadmium while Carica papaya is a bioaccumulator for Cadmium, copper and Iron. Translocation Factor (TFRoot to Shoot) of the heavy metals in Musa paradisiacal and Manihot esculenta were all less than 1 while the (TFRoot to Shoot) for Colocasia esculenta and Carica papaya were all greater than 1 indicating easy translocation of the metals to the shoot by Colocasia esculenta and Carica papaya. The Translocation Factor (TFSoil to Root) for cadmium was greater than 1 for all the plants except Carica papaya. Copper and Iron had TFSoil to root greater than 1 in Manihot esculenta while manganese had TFSoil to root greater than 1 in Musa paradisiacal implying easy translocation of the metals from soil to root. The Enrichment Factor of the heavy metals were all greater than 1 which implies that the metals are all readily available for absorption by the plants. The metal concentrations were less than FAO/WHO guidelines except lead. The ease at which cadmium and lead were translocated from the root to the shoot calls for concern. Therefore planting of crops around dumpsite soils should be discontinued with in order to safeguard our health.
This study investigated soil physicochemical parameters, eight heavy metals speciation and soil-plant transfer for five edible leafy plants species on dumpsites. The soil and plants parts (roots, stem and leaves) were obtained from Ubakala and Abia Tower dumpsites in Umuahia and a nearby farm land (control site) and were subjected to standard methods of chemical analysis. Results obtained showed that mean pH, electrical conductivity, moisture, cation exchange capacity, total organic carbon, total organic matter, phosphate, sulphate, carbon:nitrogen ratio and total extractable metal for Cd, Cu, Mn, Pb, Zn, Fe, Ni, and Cr were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the dumpsites compared to control site. Sequential extraction showed higher percentages (%) of the non-residual fraction for all the metals studied except Cu. The order of mobility and bioavailability of these metals were: Cd > Fe > Pb > Mn > Zn > Cr > Ni > Cu. Total mean concentration of metals in different parts of Amaranthus hybridus, Talinum triangulare, Carica papaya, Ipomea batatas and Luffa aegyptica were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in the dumpsites compared to control site. The translocation factor, biological concentration factor and biological accumulation coefficient values of the plant species varied for all the metals. The toxicological implications of the study were discussed.
Journal of Applied Sciences and Environmental Management, 2020
The study analyses the health risk assessment of the concentration of Iron, Lead, Copper, Chromium, and Cadmium heavy metals in vegetables grown near dumpsites of Jimeta and Ngurore areas of Adamawa State, Nigeria. Vegetables mainly Spinach (Spinacia oleracea) and lettuce (Lactuca sativa) were collected in triplicates and analyzed using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Buck 210VGP (AAS). The result revealed that heavy metals detected in spinach at Jimeta dumpsite decreased in the following order: Fe (3.7 mg/kg) > Pb (0.18 mg/kg) > Cu (0.12 mg/kg) > Cr (0.07 mg/kg) > Cd (below limit of detection), compared to the metal concentration in spinach at Ngorure dumpsite with lower concentration of heavy metal which decreased in the order of: Fe (2.5 mg/kg) > Pb (0.16 mg/kg) > Cu (0.14 mg/kg) > Cr (0.02 mg/kg) > Cd (below limit of detection). Other result for Spinach in Jimeta decreased in the order Fe (3.31mg/kg) > Pb (0.2mg/kg) > Cu (0.11mg/kg) > Cr (0.0...
The purpose of the study was to evaluate some proximate compositions and health risk of heavy metal uptake by vegetables grown at a waste-water irrigated sites in FCT, Abuja. The study was carried in dry seasons between 2015 and 2017. Two different types of vegetable samples (Lagos Spinach-Celosia argentea and African Eggplant -Solanum macrocarpon) were collected simultaneously from three irrigated farm sites. Heavy metal levels were quantified using Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS). Other parameters were determined using standard methods. The levels of heavy metals in vegetables varied according to sites. Proximate composition in both vegetable leaves recorded higher mean values for total ash (8.65-8.97), crude fibre (10.83-11.25), protein (4.96-5.08), Fat (3.05-3.29) and dry matter (65.58-68.85) indicating that they were rich in nutrients that promote healthy living. The mean levels of Zn (3.36±0.50) and Ni (0.03±0.01) in Lagos Spinach ; and Zn (2.80±0.36) and Ni (0.04±0.02) in African Eggplant were generally lower than the FAO/WHO permissible limits except for Fe (14.96±0.86), (15.81±0.89) and Pb (1.12±0.11), (1.31±0.11) in both vegetables that were significantly higher (P<0.05). Lagos Spinach recorded lower Metal Pollution Index (10.35) while African Eggplant had the highest value (12.18) suggesting that these vegetables may present more health risk to the consumers of these vegetable. Daily Intake values of Fe (0.089), Zn (0.020), Ni (0.001) and Pb (0.006) in Lagos Spinach and Fe (0.094), Zn (0.017), Ni (0.001) and Pb (0.008) in African Eggplant were below the WHO/FAO and USEPA permissible limits. However, Health risk index of heavy metals in vegetable samples were less than 1 indicating no significant health risk associated with the consumption of vegetables by the consumers.