Sero-Prevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and Associated Factors Among Pregnant Mothers Attending Antenatal Care in Public Health Facilities, Dire Dawa (original) (raw)
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Journal of Gynecology and Obstetrics
Background: Hepatitis B virus is one of the major infectious diseases and caused by a small enveloped DNA virus. Globally, 360 million people have a chronic HBV infection, and greater than three fourth of these live in the Western Pacific Region and Africa, considered as a region with high endemicity. Hepatitis B virus infection during pregnancy has a high risk of vertical transmission and is harmful to both the mother and the newborn. There is a lack of information regarding the prevalence of HBV infection and its contributing factors among pregnant women in Bahir Dar City. Objectives: To assess the prevalence and associated factors of Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women who had Antenatal Care services at Felegehiwot Comprehensive specialized Hospital in Bahir Dar City. Methods: Institution based cross sectional study design was employed at Felegehiwot Comprehensive specialized Hospital among 221 mothers. Systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study participants and data was collected using structured questionnaire by face-to-face interview and chart reviews. Data were entered into SPSS version 25 and cleaned, coded and analyzed. Bivariate and multi-variable logistic regression analysis was used. P<0.05 was used to express the statistical significance of the variables. Result: Prevalence of HBV infection is found to be 4.5% among study participants. History of blood transfusion [AOR=13.4, 95% CI (1.79-101.36)], genital mutilation [AOR=11.2, 95% CI (1.20-104.3)] and body tattooing [AOR= 6.6, 95% CI (1.29-33.7)] were the significantly associated determinant factors for HBV infection. Conclusion: The prevalence of the HBV was intermediate, according to WHO classification criteria. History of blood transfusion, body tattooing and genital mutilation were the determinant factors identified Abyot Terefe Teshome et al.:
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common public health problems worldwide. Over one million people die annually of HBV- related chronic liver disease. HBV during pregnancy has high rate of vertical transmission and adverse effect on both the mother and child. Data on seroprevalence and associated factors among pregnant women in Dubti or surrounding is scarce. Objective: To assess the prevalence and factors associated with HBV among pregnant women attending antenatal care (ANC) clinic in Dubti Hospital, Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study design will be conducted from Dec. 15, 2017 to Jan. 15, 2018 G.C on 307 pregnant women. All pregnant mothers who come for ANC during the study period who fulfill the inclusion criteria will be interviewed using a structured and pre tested questionnaire by face to face interview to assess socio-demographic and explanatory variables. Venous blood sample will be taken and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) will be detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) or rapid Test diagnosis (RDT). After the data collection, data from all the questionnaires will be coded, entered and cleaned to check for completeness, outliers and missed values and variables using Epi Info version 3.5.1. Data will be cleaned and coded using Epi and fed into SPSS version 20 for analysis. Finally data will be exported to SPSS package version 20 for further analysis. Logistic regression was employed with 95% CI and p value of <0.05 was used as statistically significant. Budget: The project requires a cost of 28,070 Ethiopian Birr. Key Words: HBV, Pregnancy, Ethiopia
American Journal of Health Research, 2020
Background: Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the serious public health problems in the world particularly in a developing country. It is transmitted from person to person by anybody fluid commonly through sexual intercourse. Hepatitis B virus infection has serious effects on both pregnant women and infants. Objective: This study aims to assess the magnitude of Hepatitis B virus infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care service in Bishoftu town. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted involving a total of 276 pregnant women attending antenatal care service at Bishoftu town from July 17-August 17, 2019. A systematic random sampling technique was used to select the study subjects. A blood sample was drawn from each study subject to testing for Hepatitis B surface antigen and confirmation for positive results was done by an enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay. Completed data from questionnaires were entered into Epi info version 7 and, exported and analyzed by SPSS Version 21. Descriptive statistics were carried out to estimate the characteristics of the participants. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to identify factors associated with Hepatitis B virus infection. Odds ratios at 95% confidence interval were calculated. P-value < 0.05 was considered as a significant. Result: The magnitude of Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care services in Bishoftu town was 18 (6.5%). Study subject with the previous history of the dental procedure [AOR=4.79, 95%CI (1.41-16.23)], body tattooing [AOR=3.18, 95%CI (1.01-10.03)] and those with a multi-sexual partner [AOR=5.19, 95%CI (1.09-24.60)] were known to have a significant association with Hepatitis B virus infection. Conclusion and Recommendation: This study indicates that Bishoftu town has intermediate endemicity of Hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women. Regarding the risk factors, pregnant women with a dental procedure, body tattooing, and multi-sexual partner were found to be at risk of Hepatitis B virus infection. To minimize the higher risk exposure status of mothers, increasing awareness and public health education on the mode of Hepatitis B virus transmission, high-risk behaviors and methods of prevention are recommended.
The Lancet Global Health, 2021
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) remains endemic throughout sub-Saharan Africa despite the widespread availability of effective childhood vaccines. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo, HBV treatment and birthdose vaccination programmes are not established. We, therefore, aimed to evaluate the feasibility and acceptability of adding HBV testing and treatment of pregnant women as well as the birth-dose vaccination of HBV-exposed infants to the HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme infrastructure in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods We did a feasibility study in two maternity centres in Kinshasa: Binza and Kingasani. Using the already established HIV prevention of mother-to-child transmission programme at these two maternity centres, we screened pregnant women for HBV infection at routine prenatal care registration. Those who tested positive and had a gestational age of 24 weeks or less were included in this study. Eligible pregnant women with a high viral load (≥200 000 IU/mL or HBeAg positivity, or both) were considered as having HBV of high risk of mother-to-child transmission and initiated on oral tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (300 mg/day) between 28 weeks and 32 weeks of gestation and continued through 12 weeks post partum. All HBV-exposed infants received a birth-dose of monovalent HBV vaccine (Euvax-B Pediatric: Sanofi Pasteur, Seoul, South Korea; 0•5 mL) within 24 h of life. All women were followed up for 24 weeks post partum, when they completed an exit questionnaire that assessed the acceptability of study procedures. The primary outcomes were the feasibility of screening pregnant women to identify those at high risk for HBV mother-to-child transmission and to provide them with antiviral prophylaxis, the feasibility of administrating the birth-dose vaccine to exposed infants, and the acceptability of this prevention programme. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03567382.
Background: Hepatitis B is a global public health problem and a major cause of liver disease, including chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and liver cancer. Pregnant women with hepatitis B virus infection are reservoir for the virus and do have high potential to transmit it to their fetuses and newborns. The objective of the study was to investigatesero-prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen and assesses risk factors among pregnant women in Ethiopia. Methods: Institution based cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September, 2014 among pregnant women in Ethiopia. A pretested structured questionnaire was employed to collect data on socio-demographic and potential risk factors for HBV infection. Blood sample was collected and tested for the presence of hepatitis B surface antigen using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay kit. Obtained data were evaluated by frequency, logistic regression analyses, and a significance level of 5 % (α = 0.05) was established. Result: Of the total pregnant women, 11(5.4%) of the study participants were positive for HBsAg. Majority (40.1%) of participants were in age group 25-29 years. The prevalence of HBV infection was higher above 20 years of age. Our finding revealed that none of the study participants were aware of their HBV sero-status. Sero positivity for hepatitis B surface antigen was statistically associated with history of abortion (AOR: 6; 95% CI :(1.39-27.69); P-value: 0.017), surgery (AOR: 5;95% CI: 1.04-24.31; P-value: 0.045) and family history for hepatitis (AOR: 11; 95% CI (1.63 80.44); P-value: 0.014). Conclusion: According to the research findings, there was an intermediate endemicity of hepatitis B virus infection. The finding revealed that history of abortion, surgery and family history for hepatitis were the major risk factors for the high prevalence of hepatitis B infection in the study area. Appropriate, targeted and timely response is mandatory for tackling the harmful health effects of HBV infection/disease.
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2014
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the two most important agents of infectious diseases. Both HBV and HIV share common modes of transmission and have serious effects on both pregnant women and infants. In Bahir Dar city administration, there is a scarcity of information on sero-prevalence of HIV and HBV infection among pregnant women. The main objective of this study was to assess sero-prevalence and risk factors of HIV and HBV infection among pregnant women attending antenatal care in Bahir Dar city, Northwest Ethiopia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2013 to April 2013. Socio-demographic and explanatory variables were collected using a structured questionnaire by face to face interview. Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) was detected using an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). HIV infection was also detected using the national HIV test algorithms. The results were analyzed with descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression. The odds ratio and 95% Confidence intervals were calculated. Results: A total of 318 pregnant women with the mean age of 25.72 (SD. ±5.14) years old were enrolled. Overall, 21/318 (6.6%) and 12 /318 (3.8%) of the pregnant women were positive for HIV and HBsAg, respectively. Of these, HIV/HBV co-infection rate was 4 (19.0%). Previous history of blood transfusion (AOR = 3.7, 95% CI, 9.02-14.84), body tattooing (AOR = 5.7, 95% CI, 1.24-26.50), history of surgery (AOR = 11.1, 95% CI, 2.64-46.88) and unsafe injection (AOR = 5.6, 95% CI, 1.44-22.19) were significantly associated with HBV infection. Previous history of piercing with sharp materials (AOR = 3.0, 95% CI 1.17-7.80) and history of abortion (AOR = 6.6, 95% CI 2.50-17.71) were also statistically significant for HIV infection. Conclusions: This study indicates that HIV and HBV infections are important public health issues in our region that need to be addressed. All pregnant women need to be screened for both HIV and HBV infections during antenatal care. Furthermore, health education about modes of transmission of HIV and HBV has to be given.
Women & Health, 2023
Introduction: globally, approximately 350-400 million persons are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), over 65 million of whom are in Africa. One in four people with chronic hepatitis B develop serious health problems. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is responsible for more than half of chronic infections. If infected at birth, a child has a 90% chance of becoming a chronic carrier. We evaluated hepatitis B virus prevalence and risk factors for infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in West Hararghe public hospitals, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study among 363 pregnant women at routine antenatal clinic visits in West Hararghe public hospitals from April-May, 2017. We used systematic random sampling method to enroll participants. We used a structured questionnaire to collect information on risk factors, and collected blood samples to test for hepatitis B Virus surface antigen (HBsAg) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were entered using EpiData Version.3.1 and exported to SPSS Version 23.0 for descriptive analyses and binary logistic regression Results: the overall seroprevalence of HBsAg among participants was 6.1% (95% CI 3.9-8.5). History of abortion (aOR=4.3, 95% CI 1.3-15.0), traditional tonsillectomy (tonsillectomy conducted by an untrained practitioner) (aOR=4.4, 95% CI 1.1-17.8), admission to a health facility (aOR=4.4, 95% CI 1.2-16.9), multiple sexual partners (aOR=6.3, 95% CI 1.7-23.4) and familial liver disease (aOR=8.2, 95% CI 2.1-32.8) were associated with hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women. Conclusion: the prevalence of hepatitis B virus in study area indicates a high-intermediate level epidemic. Multiple types of healthcare, as well classic risk factors such as multiple sex partners and a family history of liver disease increas ed the odds of infection. Hygiene promotion and infection prevention methods in healthcare settings are recommended to avoid nosocomial infections. To reduce MTCT, we recommended screening all pregnant women for hepatitis B virus as part of routine antenatal care and supportive treatment and making available methods of preventing infection at birth, including prophylaxis and birth dose vaccine.
Pan African Medical Journal, 2020
Introduction: globally, approximately 350-400 million persons are chronically infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV), over 65 million of whom are in Africa. One in four people with chronic hepatitis B develop serious health problems. Mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) is responsible for more than half of chronic infections. If infected at birth, a child has a 90% chance of becoming a chronic carrier. We evaluated hepatitis B virus prevalence and risk factors for infection among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in West Hararghe public hospitals, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Methods: we conducted a cross-sectional study among 363 pregnant women at routine antenatal clinic visits in West Hararghe public hospitals from April-May, 2017. We used systematic random sampling method to enroll participants. We used a structured questionnaire to collect information on risk factors, and collected blood samples to test for hepatitis B Virus surface antigen (HBsAg) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data were entered using EpiData Version.3.1 and exported to SPSS Version 23.0 for descriptive analyses and binary logistic regression Results: the overall seroprevalence of HBsAg among participants was 6.1% (95% CI 3.9-8.5). History of abortion (aOR=4.3, 95% CI 1.3-15.0), traditional tonsillectomy (tonsillectomy conducted by an untrained practitioner) (aOR=4.4, 95% CI 1.1-17.8), admission to a health facility (aOR=4.4, 95% CI 1.2-16.9), multiple sexual partners (aOR=6.3, 95% CI 1.7-23.4) and familial liver disease (aOR=8.2, 95% CI 2.1-32.8) were associated with hepatitis B virus infection among pregnant women. Conclusion: the prevalence of hepatitis B virus in study area indicates a high-intermediate level epidemic. Multiple types of healthcare, as well classic risk factors such as multiple sex partners and a family history of liver disease increas ed the odds of infection. Hygiene promotion and infection prevention methods in healthcare settings are recommended to avoid nosocomial infections. To reduce MTCT, we recommended screening all pregnant women for hepatitis B virus as part of routine antenatal care and supportive treatment and making available methods of preventing infection at birth, including prophylaxis and birth dose vaccine.
Research Square (Research Square), 2024
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is one of the most common health problems worldwide and is associated with high mortality and heavy economic burdens. The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and associated risk factors among pregnant women attending antenatal clinics in Adigrat General Hospital in Northern Ethiopia. METHODS An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted from January to March, 2024, among 385 pregnant women. Participants were selected through a systematic random sampling method. Sociodemographic and associated factor data were collected using a structured questionnaire, and 5 mL blood samples were collected. The data were subsequently entered into EPI Info and analyzed using SPSS version 25. Descriptive statistics were computed. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were employed to measure associations, and values < 0.05 were considered to indicate statistical signi cance. RESULTS The overall seroprevalence of HBsAg among the 385 study subjects enrolled was 10.4% (n = 40). HBsAg was common in all age groups. The prevalence of infection was greater in those who had a history of multiple sexual partners (22.7%), early piercing (13.4%), or abortion (27.6%), as was the history of delivery (26.3%) and genital mutilation (35.7%). According to multivariate logistic regression, patients
Research Square (Research Square), 2024
Background: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is one of the global health challenges that pose burden on the lives of millions. It is 50-100 more infectious than the HIV/ AIDS and it also called "a silent infection" because most people do not have any symptoms when they are infected first. The route of the transmission of the HBV is largely vary from region to regions in which vertical transmission is common in highly endemic areas like Asian-Pacific regions and African region. Horizontal transmission is common in low endemic areas like Europe and America. In spite of the importance of the epidemiological knowledge of the sero prevalence of the hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg) among pregnant women to identify the associated risk factors and implement the appropriate intervention measures in Ethiopia is under studied particularly in the current study area. Objectives: To determine sero-prevalence of HBV infection and associated factors among pregnant women attending antenatal care at Babile district health facilities, Oromia, Eastern