SANITARY QUALITY AND PUBLIC HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE OF DRINKING WATER OBTAINED FROM DIFFERENT COMMUNITIES (original) (raw)
Related papers
2020
Background: In the current scenario, the urbanization is happening at a faster pace and the economy is not able to match at par with urbanization, this In turn is causing problems of unavailability of safe and potable water along with proper sewage system, despecially in urban slums. As a result of the scenario many urban slums are still using poor quality pit latrines and even drawing water from nearby wells, water taps which are not complying with government norms. Space is also a big problem which is being faced by these slums, due to which there is a lack of enough spaces in the houses and nearby areas, therby causing overcrowding. Due to overcrowding, the space between houses, pit latrines, wells, taps and water bodies has decreased and thus the potential of contamination of water bodies by fecal microorganisms has increased drastically. Given the above knowledge, a study is much needed to estimate the presumptive and differential coliform count of water samples from the urban slum area in Lucknow. Subjects & Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted during the period of January to June 2019. Samples were collected from all the taps, hand pumps that were currently in use, along with potable water stored in households of Sarvodaya Nagar (an urban slum area), Lucknow and were processed in the Microbiology department of IIMS&R, Lucknow. Results: A total of 53(63%) samples were taken from Public supply, out of which 36(67. 9%) were found unsatisfactory and 17(32.0%) were intermediate, were found to be contaminated with Pseudomonas sp., E.coli, Thermotolerent E.coli, Klebsiella Spp. Citrobacter, Enterococcus and Pseudornonas Spp., E.coli, Thermotolerent E.coli, Klebsiella respectively. In the study more than half of the samples were taken from the Public water supply. Out of these about seventy percent were unsatisfactory and were found to be contaminated with Pseudomonas. Conclusion: The proper sanitation, regular treatment, supervision of water sources, arid regular bacteriological assessment of all water sources for drinking should be planned and conducted.
Drinking water quality determination through the water pollution indicators, Elbasan district
2019
Today's drinking water supply in the Elbasan district continues to be an issue of concern. The population growth nowadays is accompanied by the increase of request for water use. To complete their needs, people have chosen to use groundwater by opening wells. Having their personal well does not guarantee water safety. The aim of this paper is to determine the quality of drinking water through coliform bacteria indicators, in Elbasan district. There are three groups of coliform bacteria, total coliform, intestinal enterococci and Escherichia coli. Each of these is an indicator of drinking water quality and each has a different level of risk. In this study are analyzed many water samples taken from villages Labinot fushe, Gjergjan, Paper, Shushice, and Bradashesh. In some of these villages, the water samples are taken from wells and pipes. The total coliform, E. coli, and intestinal enterococci in drinking water of these villages are reflected in this study. The data recorded show...
2012
A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess the bacteriological quality of water in Haldwani block, Nainital District, India. Stratified random sampling was used to categorize water sources and consumer points. In total, 108 samples were collected: 15 from the Gola river, 51 from water taps, 24 from water treatment plants and 18 from tube wells. Samples were tested for coliforms by the most probable number technique. Identification of species was done by standard procedures. Of 108 water samples, 58.8% were found to be polluted. All samples of water (n ¼ 15) from different sites of the Gola river were found to be highly contaminated. Out of 24 water treatment plant samples, four samples were found unsatisfactory, while more than half (51.6%) of its supplies to water taps were polluted. From tube wells and their water taps, 88.8 and 60% samples were found safe for drinking respectively. Bacterial contamination of water treatment plants and their supplies indicates significant disparities in the efficiency of water treatment processes. Contamination of water taps of tube wells suggests leakage of pipes. There is an urgent need to improve these services to ensure the supply of safe water for consumers.
Analysis of drinking water quality of the rural community of district Sirmaur, H.P., India
2015
Abstract Introduction: Access to safe and clean water is important as a health and development issue at national, regional and local levels (World Health Organisation 2006). The present study was planned to analyse the drinking water quality of rural community of district Sirmaur through selected parameters (physical, chemical, bacterial). Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in between March to April, 2015 where systematic and simple random techniques were used with sample size of 122. Water testing kit and Questionnaire were used as tools to collect data. Data were entered and analysed using SPSS version 21.0. Results: The study results revealed that that physical and chemical parameters w ere found within acceptable limits prescribed by Indian Standards (IS: 10500), indicating excellent water quality ( WQI -1 of 45+17.4 with index ranging from 26 to 172 and WQI -2 of 89+6.4 with index ranging from 56 to 96). For biological parameters, it was analysed that in most of the samples (60%) coliform bacteria w ere present. Conclusion: The fact of having access to improved source of sanitation and no open defecation found by government agencies has been proven to be of low importance after considering the biological results of the present study (coliform presence in 60% and free chlorine absence in 63%). Observations were also made regarding w ater sample collection from the households indicating open defecation in the field area during visit. Keywords: Drinking Water; Water Quality; Water quality index; Physical parameter; Chemical parameter; Biological parameter
Assessment of Bacteriological Quality of Drinking Water in Belagavi City, India
MicroMedicine Journal , 2019
With the growing population and industrialization, the potability of drinking water has been decreased due to pollution and improper sanitization. In this context the present study was aimed to check the potability of drinking water by Multiple Tube method and Membrane Filter technique and to identify bacteria from Membrane Filter technique. 100 samples from 10 different wards of Belagavi City were collected. Bacteriological analysis was done for the presence of fecal coliforms, fecal Streptococci, Salmonella and Shigella by presumptive coliform test and multiple tube method (MPN) and membrane filter (MF) techniques were used for estimation of coliform bacteria. Twelve out of 100 samples were found to be unsatisfactory for drinking purpose. A total of five different strains were isolated from 100 samples. Genera isolated were Corynebacterium species, Micrococci, Gram positive Bacilli, Staphylococcus aureus, Citrobacter freundii. 88% of the sources were hygienic for drinking purposes and for the rest of the sources, proper measure should be taken to maintain sanitary of the drinking water by regular check on the equipment, maintaining structural faults and proper disinfection of equipments.
Water is essential to sustain the life. Water samples have collected from a different urban area of H. D. Kote town of Mysore district from different sources such as hand pump, public taps, and stored household drinking water. Physico-chemical and microbiological characteristics of the water samples were analysed following the standard methods to evaluate the quality of drinking water. All physic-chemical parameters are within the permissible limit to WHO. The microbiological analysis shows that that t nearly 53 % of the samples were observed with coliform contamination. The significant difference among water sources regarding total plate count was observed, where stored household water has relatively higher compared to tap and borewell water exceeding the standard limit. Both hand pump and the tap water were not detected with any E. coli contamination whereas 80% of the household stored water samples have shown E. coli contamination. The presence of significant counts of coliforms in stored household water indicates post poor sanitation and existence of human activities. Attention should be given to the collection, storage, and management by additional treatment to maintain and prevent excessive microbial growth
EVALUATION OF DRINKING WATER QUALITY THROUGH MICROBIAL INDICATOR IN ELBASAN DISTRICT
KNOWLEDGE – International Journal, 2020
Clean and safe water is an absolute need for health and productive life. Source waters, susceptible to surface contamination, particularly surface waters and groundwater and spring sources contain microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses and protozoan parasites which can present a risk to human health if not effectively treated and disinfected. The quality of the water supplies is important in determining the health of individuals and whole communities. The analysis of drinking water for the presence of indicator microorganisms is the key to determining its microbiological quality. Drinking water supplies in Elbasan village are predominantly sourced from surface waters or groundwater influenced by surface water and soil contamination. Present study aims to assess and compare the ground water quality in Elbasan district, during June-August 2018 and with WHO standards. In order to assess the quality of water, the microbial indicators of drinking water quality have been determined in collective wells (20 sampling points/village). Thus, total coliform, intestinal enterococci bacteria and Escherichia coli have been analyses in water samples taken in the wells of villages Labinot Fushë, Gjergjan, Papër, Shushicë and Bradashesh. Testing for bacteria is the only reliable way to know if your water is safe. The coliform pollution level continues to be serious problem in studied villages. Water sources were contaminated with fecal wastes and posed a health risk to consumers of that water. Community-led sanitation and hygiene education and better water source protection are urgently needed. The philosophy underlying disinfection of all water supplies is to use the best quality source of water available and to provide multiple barriers to the transmission of any pathogenic organisms to consumers.
Drinking water quality analysis of some villages from Gadhinglaj Tahsil, Maharashtra
The present research work deals with assessment of drinking water quality of 30 villages from Gadhinglaj tahsil; carried out during the year 2013-2014. The physico-chemical and Microbial parameters were assessed to check either the water is suitable or not for drinking purpose. The physico-chemical parameters such as Total hardness, Ca, Mg, Chloride, Total alkalinity, pH and EC were analyzed as per standard methods. The microbial parameters like MPN, SPC, Total and Fecal coliforms were carried out. The investigation has confirmed a significant number of fecal coliform in all the samples and it found significantly higher than the WHO limit (0) for drinking water. So all the water samples may raise concern on the safety of the water for human health may cause the various water borne and gastro-intestinal diseases so, proper hygiene and purification techniques should be recommended.
2021
Water is essential for living organisms for their survival. Access of adequate and safe water is a basic need of human beings. In adequacy and unsafe water supply may cause various health problems. This study was designed with a view to assessing physicochemical properties of drinking water collected from different restaurants at Mymensingh sadar. In this case, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biological oxygen demand (BOD), arsenic (As), iron (Fe) and lead (Pb) were measured. Furthermore, Microbiological assessments of drinking water samples were carried out. For achieving the microbiological assessment, methods of heterotrophic plate count (HPC) and total coliform count (TCC) were applied. The mean value of EC, TDS, pH, DO, BOD, As, Fe, Pb were 682.38 µS cm-1 , 201ppm, 7.11, 4.98 mg/L, 1.72 mg/L, 0.005 ppm, 0.181 ppm and 0.000 ppm, respectively. According to the standard of drinking water the EC, TDS, pH, DO, BOD, As, Fe, Pb toxicity were not detected in all samples. All of above mentioned parameters were present in water within permissible limits. In most cases the concentrations of Pb and in some cases the concentrations of Fe were considered as toxicants due to the higher concentrations noted. The highest heterotrophic plate count was found in water of Ganginapar sample (1.2×10 7 CFU/ml) and the highest total coliform count was noted in C. K. Ghosh road sample (13 coliforms/100 ml). Therefore, the examined water quality parameters indicate that water quality of the restaurants at Mymensingh sadar is suitable for drinking. Although some of the samples identified as the presence of fecal coliforms that indicates contamination of feces with water. One sample among the studied drinking water samples was contaminated with fecal coliform which is very harmful for health and this water is not suitable for drinking. It may be concluded that hygienic and quality water need to supply for human drinking purposes.
Study was conducted to find out the health of drinking water of village Khillah, Muzaffarabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) in 2015-16. The bacteriological analysis especially, the presence of Coliforms (E. coli) along with levels of physico-chemical parameters; temperature, pH, turbidity, alkalinity, calcium ions, magnesium ions, chloride ions total dissolved solid, total suspended solids, total organic solids and total inorganic solids were monitored during eight months by using standard methods. All physico-Chemical parameters of water stayed behind standards set by World Health Organization (WHO). On the other hand, all drinking water sources of Khillah village were highly contaminated by Coliforms and contamination was greater during monsoon.