Multiple antibiotic resistant index and detection of qnrS and qnrB genes in bacterial consortium of urine samples from clinical settings (original) (raw)
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European Journal of Medical and Health Research, 2023
This work sequenced 16S ribosomal gene, determined phylogeny and multidrug resistance of pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from clinical samples at a tertiary healthcare facility in Nigeria. A total of 184 clinical specimens were collected from patients and were characterized by standard methods of culturing and biochemical tests. One of the bacterial isolates was selected and subjected to molecular identification using 16S rRNA gene sequencing by Sanger method. P. aeruginosa was subjected to antibiotic sensitivity testing by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique. After culturing, 94 (51.08%) were positive for bacterial growth; out of 94 isolates of P. aeruginosa, 15 (15.96%) were from ear swabs, 14 (14.89%) from skin swabs, 20 (21.28%) from burn wound samples, 18 (19.15) from used cotton wool, 12 (12.76%) from catheter, and 4 (4.25% each) from urine and sputum. Also, this study recorded high prevalence rate of isolates among the female than male (63.83% and 36.17%, respectively), and the highest average (34%) of isolates were recorded among the age group 36-45 years and the lowest prevalence (5.22%) was recorded among the age group 15-25 years. The isolate demonstrated high resistance to beta-lactams (Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Ampicillin, Cloxacillin, Augmentin and Ceftazidime). Results also revealed resistance to macrolide (Erythromycin) and sulphonamide (Septrin); and the organism was resistant to two aminoglycosides (Gentamycin and Amikacin) but sensitive to chloramphenicol. The quinolones (Ciprofloxacin, Levofloxacin and Norfloxacin) were very effective against the bacterium. There was statistically significant difference amongst the zones of inhibition at (P≤ 0.05) exhibited by the different antibiotics. The quinolones may therefore be considered as reserve drugs for the treatment of P. aeruginosa infections. To avoid resistance development, illicit use of antibiotics is not advised. Continued monitoring of antimicrobial resistance patterns in hospitals and community settings is imperative to provide effective therapeutic options.
Journal of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, 2018
Introduction: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates are among the common cause of Nosocomial infections. In P. aeruginosa infections, several genes, mexA, and mexB are involved in resistance to antibiotics and pslA, pelA and brlR contribute to biofilm formation. This study aims to investigate the prevalence of these genes in P. aeruginosa isolates and to determine their relationship with biofilm formation, antibiotic resistant, pigment production, and source of infection. Methods: We collected 63 specimens out of 90 samples from patients hospitalized in a hospital affiliated to Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The specimens belonged to 42 men and 21 women and included urine, sputum, wound, skin, blood, body fluid, and central venous blood (CVB). The samples were cultured on solid media and diagnosed according to standard phenotypic characteristics. Disk diffusion method was used to identify the clinical MDR P. aeruginosa isolates, and the genes pslA, pelA, brlR, mexA, and men were detected by PCR detected. Results: about 25.4% of the clinical isolates were MDR, i.e., resistant to three or more antibiotics. The prevalence of the genes in the clinical isolates was as follows: pslA (92.1%), pelA (68.3%), brlR (93.7%), mexA (95.2%) and mexB (50.8%). The highest and lowest prevalence of drug resistance belonged to ceftriaxone and amikacin, respectively. The highest MDR P. aeruginosa isolates originated from wound, urine and sputum specimens. Conclusion: The presence of MDR isolates correlated significantly with the patients’ gender, the origin of specimens, and bacterial pigment production. In this study, the detected genes did not significantly correlate with the MDR features of the isolates.
African Health Sciences
Bakground: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major nosocomial uropathogen. It can tolerate a wide variety of physical conditions and many antibiotics by different resistance mechanisms. Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the mechanisms of antibiotics resistance in uropathogenic P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. Methods: Two hundred sixty six urine samples were collected from Zagazig University Hospitals, Zagazig, Egypt. P. aeruginosa isolates were identified using standard microbiological tests. The sensitivity to different antibiotics was determined by disc diffusion method. Anti-microbial resistance mechanisms were investigated using phenotypic methods and confirmed by PCR. Results: Fifty P. aeruginosa isolates were recovered. All isolates were MDR and were resistant to amoxicillin/clavulinic, sulphamethaxzole/trimethoprim, doxycycline and ceftazidime. Phenotypic detection of resistance mechanisms revealed that all strains have efflux mechanism, outer membrane porins, and AmpC β-lactamase; none of the strains showed ESBL activity and two of the imipenem resistant strains showed MβL activity. PCR analysis showed that all strains have MexAB-R, OprD and AmpC genes, 42 strains had PSE gene, while VEB and VIM genes were not detected. Conclusion: The resistance rates in P. aeruginosa were higher than global values; this resistance was attributed to several mechanisms. This high resistance is alarming and necessitates applying strict antibiotic prescription policies.
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the main causes of nosocomial infections with a mortality rate up to 40-50%. Resistance to antibiotics is a global challenge in the treatment of infections caused by this bacterium. The Class A beta-lactamases genes, including blaSHV, blaPER, blaVEB, are the most common causes of resistance in this microorganism. This study was conducted to determine antibiotic resistance pattern and the presence of blaper, blaveb, blashv and blaoxa-10 genes in clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa isolated from patients in a hospital in Bandar Abbas. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 72 P. aeruginosa clinical isolates. Antibiotic susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method according to the clinical Laboratory Standard Institute. MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) of ceftazidime was performed by E-Test. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed to identify blashv, blaveb-1, blaoxa-10, and blaper-1 genes. Results: Most of the isolates were detected from intensive care unit and urine samples. The highest resistance rate which was observed to sulfamethoxazole and ceftazidime, were 68 (94.44%) and 44 (61.11%), respectively. About 27.8% of these isolates were multidrug resistant. Among 44 ceftazidime resistant isolates, 15 isolates (34%) showed MIC ≥32 µg.mL in the E-test. The prevalence rates of genes were 4.16, 12.5, 8.33, and 1.38% for blaOxa-10, blaShv, blaVeb-1, and blaPer-1 genes, respectively. Conclusion: The ceftazidime resistance rate and the prevalence rate of resistance genes in the present study were lower than other Iranian studies. However, isolation of these genes is alarming that excessive use of antibiotics can lead to over expression of resistance genes and bacterial efflux pumps and the emergence of MDR phenotypes.
Molecular identification of multi drug resistant bacteria from urinary tract infected urine samples
Microbial pathogenesis, 2016
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are of great concern in both developing and developed countries all over the world. Even though the infections are more common in women and children, they are at a considerable rate in men and of all ages. The uropathogens causing the infections are spread through various routes. The treatment generally recommended by the physicians is antibiotic usage. But, most of the uropathogens have evolved antibiotic resistance mechanisms. This makes the present situation hectic in control and prevention of UTIs. The present study aims to illustrate the multidrug resistance patterns among isolated bacterial strains from infected urine samples in Odisha state, India. Four bacterial strains were isolated and identified as Proteus sp. SK3, Pseudomonas sp. ADMK77, Proteus sp. BLKB2 and Enterobacter hormaechei strain CW-3 by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Phylogenetc analysis indicated the strains belong to three various genera namely, Proteus, Pseudomonas and Enterobacte...
Research Journal of Health Sciences, 2021
Introduction: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a frequent nosocomial pathogen that causes severe diseases in many clinical and community settings. The objectives were to investigate the occurrence of multiple antibiotic resistant P. aeruginosa strains among clinical samples and to detect the presence of antibiotic resistance genes in the DNA molecules of the strains.Methods: Clinical specimens were collected aseptically from various human anatomical sites in five selected health institutions within Kwara State, Nigeria. Multiple drug resistance patterns of isolated micro-organisms to different antibiotics were determined using the Bauer Kirby disc diffusion technique. The DNA samples of the multiple resistant P. aeruginosa strains were extracted and subjected to Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for resistance gene determination.Results: A total of 145 isolates were identified as P. aeruginosa from the clinical samples. Absolute resistance to ceftazidime, gentamicin and ceftr...
Antimicrobial Stewardship & Healthcare Epidemiology
Objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a global priority with significant clinical and economic consequences. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Pseudomonas aeruginosa is one of the major pathogens associated with significant morbidity and mortality. In healthcare settings, the evaluation of prevalence, microbiological characteristics, as well as mechanisms of resistance is of paramount importance to overcome associated challenges. Methods: Consecutive clinical specimens of P. aeruginosa were collected prospectively from 5 acute-care and specialized hospitals between October 2014 and September 2017, including microbiological, clinical characteristics and outcomes. Identification and antimicrobial susceptibility test were performed using the BD Phoenix identification and susceptibility testing system, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization–time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test strips. Overall, 78 selected MDR P. aeruginosa...
Infection, epidemiology and microbiology, 2020
Aims: Recently, overuse and misuse of antibiotics have led to the development of multidrugresistant bacteria and infectious diseases caused by these organisms, increasing morbidity and mortality rate in patients. Pseudomonas aeruginosa as a common Gram-negative pathogen is predominantly responsible for hospital-acquired infections. In this study, the prevalence of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and pandrug-resistant (PDR) P. aeruginosa strains isolated from clinical specimens of patients admitted to a teaching hospital in Gorgan, Iran, was determined. Materials & Methods: Clinical samples of blood, urine, burn wound, eye, and secretions (pleural fluid, tracheal or bronchial aspirates and sputum) were collected from all hospitalized patients during a three-month period from April to June 2019. Using conventional biochemical methods, P. aeruginosa strains were identified, and the antibiotic resistance pattern was determined by Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method. Findings: A total of 40 (25.4%) P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from 377 clinical specimens. Most of the P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from wound (35%) and urine (30%) samples. Most of the P. aeruginosa positive samples were recovered from intensive care unit (32.5%) and burn ward (30%). The highest susceptibility was shown to fosfomycin (100%), and the lowest susceptibility was observed to ceftazidime (87.5%), followed by aztreonam (60%). Based on the results, 52.5 and 20% of the isolates were MDR and XDR, respectively. All of the MDR isolates exhibited susceptibility to colistin. No PDR phenotype was observed. Conclusion: Continuous monitoring of drug resistant strains among clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa must be done to adopt effective strategies to decrease the threat of antimicrobial resistance.
Journal of Chemotherapy, 2005
Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in low rates from stool specimens of outpatients and inpatients (7% versus 12%) but in higher rates from chlorinated and nonchlorinated water sources (15% versus 44%), respectively in Jordan. The same biotype was recognized among 90% of P. aeruginosa isolates from patient's stools and water sources using specific biochemical profiles. Three serogroups belonging to 01, 06 and 011 accounted for the majority of these isolates in water (66%) and stools (78%), respectively. All P. aeruginosa isolates from water were highly susceptible (87%-100%) to piperacillin-tazobactam, amikacin, gentamicin, imipenem, aztreonam, ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin, whereas the isolates from stool were slightly less susceptible (81%-98%) to these antimicrobials. P. aeruginosa isolates from water and stool sources were almost equally highly resistant to tetracycline (86%-89%) and carbenicillin (88%-89%), respectively. One common small plasmid (15.4 kb) was detected in 14/25 (56%) of multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa isolates from both water and stool. This study demonstrates certain common epidemiological characteristics including antimicrobial resistance pattern, biotypes and serotypes among P. aeruginosa isolates from patient's stools and drinking water sources in Jordan.
Background: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a ubiquitous free-living bacterium and is responsible for severe nosocomial infections, life-threatening infections in immune compromised persons. The bacterium, along with its natural resistance, can acquire resistance to many antibiotics by a variety of methods. Method: Therefore, to compare the antibiotic sensitivity pattern of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a total of seventeen isolates of P. aeruginosa were isolated from different sources; for example environmental sources, frozen food sources, clinical sources and medical waste materials. Isolates were confirmed to be P. aeruginosa by cultural and biochemical properties. Result: The isolates were tested against seventeen commercially available antibiotics to observe the antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Imipenem and meropenem were the most potent antibiotics (100% sensitivity) followed by amikacin and piperacillin with maximum sensitivity. Among others, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and aztreonam were found to be fairly active. A good number of isolates were intermediately resistant to ceftriaxone. The rates of resistance to aztreonam, cefotaxime and ceftazidime were 11.76%, 82.35% and 5.88% respectively. Complete resistance was observed against penicillin, ampicillin, cefixime and cefpodoxime. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the clinical isolates including isolate from medical waste, were multi-drug resistant than environmental and food isolates indicating the risk of transmission of resistance to the environmental isolates of P. aeruginosa.