Modeling a Quad Bike for Simulating Rollover Events (original) (raw)
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Development of a Motorcycle FE Model for Simulating Impacts into Roadside Safety Barriers
Transportation research circular, 2017
Recent studies have identified roadside safety barriers as a cause of severe injuries and fatalities for motorcyclists. Roadside safety barrier have traditionally been designed with limited consideration for motorcyclist safety since the primary focus was on the safety of occupants of enclosed vehicles. Computer simulations of full-scale crashes between motorcyclists and road barriers would provide valuable support to improve the limited knowledge of the interaction between motorcyclists and barriers during a crash as well as assess any proposed design countermeasure to reduce serious injuries and fatalities. This study aimed to develop a Finite Element (FE) model of a sport-touring motorcycle that may be used to investigate in detail the characteristics of upright impacts between motorcyclists and different types of roadside safety barriers. Verification and validation was performed on the critical components of the developed motorcycle model, such as the steering system and the fr...
2018
A new interest in the field of dynamic response analysis is expanding as the number of accidents involving the all-terrain vehicles (ATV) are increasing in daily life. All-terrain vehicles are four wheeled motorbikes made for off-road utilities and recreation. The vehicle safety is an important feature to the public and automotive industry. Accident statistics show that deaths have been increasing year after year for this category of ATV accidents. This is due to several factors including, unsupervised and careless driving habits of the human beings and tendency of these vehicles to undergo unsafe dynamics. Rollover and Frontal flips are two of the table toppers in this category of injuries. The aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the dynamic response of an all-terrain vehicle and its driver in typical crashes. First the dynamics of the vehicle on an uneven road is examined. Next, among all the crash causes, two types of crash simulations; i.e., side rollover and frontal flip are considered. These simulations are carried out using the multibody dynamics simulation tool MSC-ADAMS and the occupant safety design analyzing tool MADYMO. The primary tasks of this thesis are (i) creating an ATV computer model, (ii) creating three different tracks for uneven road performance, roll over and frontal flip simulations (iii) including a hybrid III 50 th percentile dummy to analyze the potential injuries and fatalities in these events. The results are analyzed and compared with the awareness of various specifications. Overall the study indicates that the ATV accidents could pose significant potential for injury and fatality to the driver. vii
FE simulations of motorcycle—car frontal crashes, validations and observations
International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2005
ISO 13232 1) (1996) requires 7 configurations for full scale tests (FSTs) between the motorcycle (MC) and the car (also called the opposing vehicle, OV). Of these, 3 involve the impact of the MC with the front of the OV. In this paper we discuss Finite Element (FE) based simulations of these impact configurations. We do not evaluate the efficacy of any safety devices but refer to parts of ISO 13232 for developing these simulations. This paper analyses FE based simulations of the above-mentioned impacts. The simulations have been developed using the PAM-CRASH TM solver. In this paper an attempt has been made to compare the kinematics of the simulations with those obtained from the FSTs. The simulations indicate that the MC-OV impacts are sensitive to many phenomena. The objective of this paper is to highlight some of the important aspects of MC-OV simulations.
Modelling a quad-bike rollover mechanism when traversing an asymmetric bump
International Journal of Crashworthiness, 2018
Experimental testing of a quad bike traversing a bump placed in-line with one of the vehicle's wheel tracks showed that a passive rider could be displaced across the quad-bike seat resulting in the vehicle's sudden unintentional steering. It was hypothesised that this 'bump' mechanism could result in a rollover. To determine whether such a bump mechanism can precipitate a rollover and under what conditions it occurs, an earlier developed quad bike FE model combined with a seated Anthropomorphic Test Device FE model was validated against experimental tests of the quad bike traversing a semi-cylindrical bump. A sensitivity analysis was then carried out varying the initial conditions of ground friction and approach angle on flat terrain. The FE simulations show that the bump mechanism, for a particular set of friction values and approach angle, resulted in a rollover. The identified bump-induced rollover mechanism could help explain some of the rollover-associated quad bike crashes on Australian farms where it was known that a fatality occurred as a result of rollover which happened due to traversing a bump from Coronial investigations carried out by the authors.
Analysis of Quad-Bike Loss-of-Control Using Experimental and Simulated Dynamic Bump Tests
2015
Quad-bikes, also known as all-terrain vehicles in the United States of America, continue to be a major contributor to fatal and serious injuries in Australia as well as in many other countries all over the world, both for recreational use and in the workplace. There have been over 150 fatalities caused by quad-bike incidents in Australia since 2000 with around 70 percent of these attributed to rollovers. In 2011, quad-bikes overtook tractors as the leading cause of injury and death on Australian farms. There is a significant portion of quad-bike fatalities that are identified as being caused by riding over a raised obstacle (i.e. bump, log, tree stump, etc.), which causes the vehicle to lose control and rollover. However, the authors are not aware of any research that has been published to date in regards to identifying the mechanism that causes this loss-of-control situation in the case of quad-bikes. This paper details a novel method used to identify this mechanism. Preliminary te...
Motorcycle Structural Response in Simulated Vehicular Collision
This preliminary study explores a full scale vehicular crash test in which a motorcycle impacted a car in a right angle collision in an outdoor ground. The test utilized a customized fixture attached to an SUV as a propulsion system. Relevant data and high speed images were recorded for the analysis of motion, wheelbase shortening and deformation and damage assessment. The simulated test has certain kinematic similarity with other studies, especially prior to 100 ms timeframe. Beyond that, the motorcycle kinematics was less aggressive possibly due to lower impact speed and stability issue prior to impact. It was also showed that wheelbase shortening may likely reach the maximum for certain speed range for the class of motorcycle being tested. Lastly, assessment of motorcycle damage indicated that deformation occurred mainly from the steering stem base forward. All motorcycles did not exhibit any main-frame distortion.
Investigation of motorcyclist and pillion passenger injuries using numerical simulations
IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering
Road traffic fatalities involving powered-two wheeler (PTW) are the highest portion in Thailand. Few studies are available concerning the head impact loading and head trauma in case of real PTW accidents. This work, therefore, aims to improve the understanding on kinematics and head trauma of PTWs rider and pillion passengers. By selecting a real-world PTW accident provided by the Central Institute of Forensics Science database, reconstruction of the accident was performed using multibody dynamics simulations. Parametric studies which focused on vehicle speed and position of rider and passenger at impact was conducted to obtain the best correlations. Then, head impact velocity, impact direction and head impact area have been extracted and implemented in the finite element head model to simulate the head trauma by impacting directly the head model on the vehicle structure. The motorcyclist's head and the pillion passenger's head impact conditions were retrieved and used as initial condition for the finite element head impact simulation. Head and brain injuries were analyzed.
All-terrain vehicles (ATV) are achieving wider response and significance in the present world. With their characteristic abilities of getting through any terrain along with their simple and compact structure, they rule the off-roading world. A new field of engineering research has been developed because of the increasing number of ATV accidents. For determining the reasons to how so many crashes occurs and how they can be prevented, a series of ATV tests were conducted. The tests included simulating an ATV for frontal impact, side impact and rolling over with added weight of a passenger, and due to a thrust effect. Through testing, the amount of weight needed to flip an ATV was determined. This paper highlights the ways to analyse the safety of its chassis in case of impacts or roll overs.
Methodologies for motorcyclist injury prediction by means of computer simulation
Methods for predicting motorcyclist injuries by means of computer simulation have evolved since the 1970's and are critically reviewed in the context of International Standard ISO 13232. The latter was approved in 1996 in order to establish minimum scientific requirements for motorcyclist protective device research, including calibration of simulations against laboratory and full-scale test data. Data from an example ISO-compliant simulation are presented which indicate substantial agreement between the distribution of predicted and real injuries in n=501 accidents in Los Angeles and Hannover. Other data indicate that multi-body and finite element models can produce similar buckling responses when they incorporate similar levels of detail. Key emerging technologies and issues are identified. Computer simulation, motorcycles, injury, finite element, multi-body COMPUTER SIMULATION METHODS for predicting motorcyclist injuries due to impacts have evolved since the early 1970's, from single mass models, to multi-rigid-body (MB) models, to finite element (FE) models, and to hybrid FE/MB models. This paper begins with an historical review of the development of these simulation methodologies, their standardisation under ISO 13232 (1996), their capabilities to predict the distributions of rider injury severities observed in real accidents, and some comparisons between multi-body (MB) and finite element (FE) simulation methods and results. Conclusions and discussion are provided regarding the levels of agreement between simulations and real accidents, MB and FE models, and emerging technologies and issues that relate to future progress in this field.
Development of Computational Model of Motorcycle and Rider during Collision
Journal of Sustainable Manufacturing in Transportation, 2021
The goal of this project is to develop the computational model of motorcycle and rider for deformable body. Also, to identify the response of rider and motorcycle on collision. Computational model is the one method that can replace the actual experiment on crash test. From the simulation can save cost by actual impact crash test. This project begins with design the model of actual motorcycle. Because the model of the project using Honda Wave 100R is to complex and the computer not powerful enough to generate mesh the simplified model is use for the project. Then, the material of this project using ANSI 304 stainless steel. The simulation of the experiment run by the ANSYS software to calculate mathematical model result after impact. Finally, the result of deformation was recorded to compare the result of deformation on actual crash test. The Comparison result of deformation actual and simulation are quietly similar