Effects of opium dependency on testicular tissue in a rat model: an experimental study (original) (raw)
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Testicular Cells Apoptosis in Opium-Addicted Rats: (Short Report)
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, 2011
Gh.R. Asadikaram [1] , M. Asiabanha [2] , A. Rahnema [3] , Z. Shaebani Shahrbabaki [4] , M. Mahmoodi [5] , H.A. Sasan [6] Received: 12/06/2010 Sent for Revision: 27/11/2010 Received Revised Manuscript: 26/01/2011 Accepted: 03/02/2011 Background and Objectives : Apoptosis is a physiological mechanism of cell death and it can be triggered by a variety of internal and external stimuli. It has been shown that some opium derivatives promote cell apoptosis. This study was designed to examine the influence of opium addiction on testicular cell apoptosis in Wistar rats. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was performed on 7 opium-addicted as case group and 7 normal rats as control group. In the case group, animals treated with peritoneal injections of opium twice a day at 8 a.m and 8 p.m for 8 days based on the following regimen at the first day 30 mg/kg, second day 60 mg/kg, third day 90 mg/kg, fourth day 120 mg/kg, and from fifth to eighth day 150 mg/kg. The control group recei...
The effect of opium dependency on testis volume: a case-control study
Iranian journal of reproductive medicine, 2012
Given the paucity of data on possible testis changes in opioid dependents, we sought to compare the testis volumes between a group of opium dependents and a group of healthy controls. Comparison of testis volume between opium dependents and healthy controls. This case-control study recruited 100 men with opium dependency (cases) and 100 healthy men (controls) in Iran, in 2008. A checklist containing questions about age, height, weight, daily amount of cigarette use, and duration of cigarette use for all the participants as well as daily amount of opium use (grams) and duration of opium use (years) for the case group was completed. Additionally, the dimensions of each testis were measured by a single person using calipers, and the mean of the left and right testes volume was compared between these two groups. The mean of the testis volumes in the case group was significantly lower than that of the case group (11.2±2.2 and 25.1±2.7cm³, p<0.001). The results of the ANCOVA test showe...
The Impact of Opium Dependence and Cigarette Smoking on Human Semen Parameters
Introduction: To examine the effects of opium dependence and cigarette smoking on semen quality and sperm parameters, the semen quality of men who abuse opiates and/or smoke cigarettes was investigated in a retrospective study. Methods: Male partners of 1325 infertile couples attending the infertility clinic for intrauterine insemination (IUI) procedure were divided into non-smoking non-opium (NS/NO), smoking and non-opium (S/NO), non-smoking and opium (NS/O), smoking and opium (S/O), and opium dependence regardless of smoking status (O/RS) groups. Two samples were collected from each subject and were analyzed in accordance to WHO criteria. Results: Subjects in different groups were comparable regarding mean age, duration of abstinence, and familial history of infertility, whereas duration of infertility was longer in all groups than in NS/NO group (P<0.05). The volume of semen, liquefaction time and pH differed significantly between S/NO and NS/NO groups (P<0.05). In addition, more men in S/NO group were diagnosed to be teratozoospermic than other groups (P=0.018). Sperm progression was significantly lower in NS/O than in NS/NO group (P<0.05). Conclusion: These findings suggest that opium dependence and cigarette smoking alter semen and sperm production and quality differently.
Effects of cocaine on testicular structure in the rat
Reproductive Toxicology, 1992
The effects of hourly injections of moderate doses of cocaine hydrochioride (0.5 and 10 mg/kg body weight) over 5 h on testicular structure and testosterone levels were studied in male Wistar rats. Cocaine produced a rapid disruption of spermatogenesis; the number of normal seminiferous tubules declined to 50% (low dose) and 40% (high dose), and regressive tubules (tubules with cellular degeneration, cell sloughing, or abnormal cell structures) increased to 50% (low dose) and 60% (high dose) after treatment with cocaine. The mean tubular diameter, the surface occupied by the tubules, and the volume of seminiferous tubules per pair of testes were significantly reduced (P < 0.01) after both doses of cocaine. Cocaine produced u ltrastructural changes in the cells of the seminiferous epithelium (spermatogonia, spermatids, and Sertoli cells) including vacuoles, abundant lipid droplets, and giant mitochondria. Lower doses of cocaine increased serum testosterone levels (P < 0.025) while higher doses did not. These findings indicate an acute effect of cocaine on the structure of the rat testis.
Journal of Interdisciplinary Histopathology, 2017
Objective: Frequently, reproductive toxic substances such as androgenic anabolic steroids, alcohol and nicotine are used in association by adolescents and adults, in an indiscriminate manner. This study investigated the testicular and epididymal tissue of adult rats submitted to a recovery period after treatment with anabolic steroid, alcohol and /or nicotine. Materials and Methods: The animals (n=42) were divided into three control groups simulating the drugs administration routes (CI: distilled water, oral; CII: saline solution, subcutaneous; CIII: water and saline solution) and groups treated with a testosterone esters mixture (T: 7.5 mg/kg body weight-b.w., subcutaneous), alcohol (AL: 3.5 g/kg b.w. of ethanol 25%, oral), nicotine (N: 2.0 mg/kg b.w., subcutaneous), and co-administration of these three substances (T/AL/N). After 15 consecutive days of treatment (once a day), the animals were kept for 30 days in recovery. At the end of this period, the testes and epididymides were collected, weighed and processed for histological and morphometric analysis by light microscope. Results: All groups treated with toxic substances presented histopathological changes in testes and epididymis after the recovery period. There was a significant decrease (p<0.05) in testicular weight and in the morphometric parameters of the testis and epididymis in T and T/AL/N groups. Conclusion: The testis and epididymis of rats treated with anabolic steroid, alcohol and/or nicotine exhibited histopathological changes after a recovery period and the damages were more evident in the groups receiving the anabolic steroid alone or co-administered with other drugs.
Effects of Methamphetamine on Testes Histopathology and Spermatogenesis Indices of Adult Male Rats
Addiction & Health, 2017
Background Methamphetamine (MAMP) as a recreational drug has devastating effects on the central nervous system (CNS). Several studies have shown that MAMP has inhibitory effects on oogenesis and spermatogenesis, and causes impaired fertility. This study designed to investigate the effect of mAM Padministration on histological changes and spermatogenesis indices in the testis of adult male rats. Methods In this experimental study, 50 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control (received no treatment, n = 10), vehicle (received saline for 7 and 14 days, n = 20), and experimental group [received MAMP, 5 ml/kg, intraperitoneal (IP) for 7 and 14 days, n = 20]. Testicular tissue samples were stained by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) technique. For histological study, we counted the number of spermatogonia, spermatocytes and Leydig cells. Spermatogenesis indices which include: tubular differentiation index (TDI), spermiogenesis index (SI), repopulation index (RI) and the mean seminife...
Induction of testicular damage by daily methamphetamine administration in rats
The Chinese journal of physiology
Methamphetamine (METH)-induced brain damage and apoptosis within the central nervous system are well documented. This study was conducted to investigate the toxic effects of daily METH administration on the testes in a rat model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats (5 weeks old, ~100 g, n = 64) were divided into two groups and treated with vehicle (saline, control) or METH (10 mg/kg) for 15, 30, 60 and 90 days. The results showed that daily administration of METH decreased the body, testicular and epididymis weights as well as the serum levels of total testosterone. The increased apoptotic index (Bad/Bcl2 expression ratio) and levels of cleaved caspase-3 indicated that apoptosis had occurred in the testes of the METH-treated rats. The oxidative stress levels increased as the reduced and oxidized glutathione (GSH/GSSG) ratio decreased. The overall sperm counts decreased at 15 and 90 days, where- as morphologically abnormal sperm counts increased at 30, 60 and 90 days in the METH-treated rats. T...
Comparative clinical pathology, 2011
The objective of the present work was to investigate the effects of buprenorphine administration on testicular tissue in mice. Sexually mature male mice were randomly divided into five experimental groups (n=5) and the following treatments were intraperitoneally administered for 21 days: Control male mice were given physiological saline. Positive control group was injected with morphine (Mor, 20 mg/kg). Three other groups were given different doses of buprenorphine including 0.15 mg/kg (B15), 0.30 mg/kg (B30), and 0.60 mg/kg (B60). Left testes were removed for histopathological evaluations and intracardiac blood samples were taken for testosterone assay. Morphometrically, the mean of seminiferous tubules diameter, spermatogonial cells diameter, sertoli cells diameter, and epithelial height were measured in the experimental groups. Meiotic index and the percentage of spermatogenesis were also calculated. The mean values of all of the above-mentioned parameters in the experimental groups showed significant decrease in comparison with the control group (p<0.05). No significant difference was observed between Mor and buprenorphine experimental groups except for the mean of germinal epithelium height which B60 showed significant reduction compared to Mor, B15, and B30 groups. Also, the effect of morphine on the reduction of spermatogenesis was similar to B30 group (p> 0.05), and in this regard, B60 group showed the most (56.36%) and B15 the least (76.16%) decrease in the mean percentage of spermatogenesis. The results show that buprenorphine could suppress plasma testosterone, damage spermatogenesis, and affect male fertility. Therefore, it should be used with attention for the treatment of opioid dependence.
Journal of Research in Medical Sciences
brain. [2] In addition, excessive or repeated use of the drug may play a significant role in male infertility. [3,4] Several studies have shown that chronic morphine exposure adversely affected male fertility by reducing testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels as well as decreasing the partial weights of testes, seminal vesicles (SVs), and prostate glands (PGs). [5,6] Columnar epithelial cells are the crucial part in the SV and PG as their functions are to secrete fructose and prostaglandins into their glandular lumina, which provides energy for sperm. Therefore, the decreased weight of the SV and PG could be due to the reduction Background: Previous studies have shown that morphine negatively effects male fertility while Phoenix dactylifera (dates) could cure male infertility by the exhibition of antagonist effects. This study was conducted to assess the possible ameliorating effects of dates on the histological features of morphine-induced male rat reproductive organs. Materials and Methods: Adult male Sprague Dawley rats age 7-9 weeks old, 200-250 g body weight (BW) were divided into six rats per each group: Group 1, force-fed with distilled water, 1 ml/kg BW for 35 days (control); Group 2, intramuscularly (IM) injected with morphine, 20 mg/kg BW for 7 days followed by force-fed with distilled water for 28 days; Group 3, force-fed with distilled water for 7 days followed by crude P. dactylifera extract, 200 mg/kg for 28 days; Group 4, injected (IM) with morphine, 20 mg/kg BW for 7 days followed by force-fed of crude P. dactylifera extract, 200 mg/kg for 28 days. Rats were sacrificed on day 36. The seminal vesicle (SV) and prostate gland (PG) were removed and fixed before histological processes. Results: In morphine-treated rats, the SV showed the absence of honeycomb-like appearance with flattened columnar cells while in the PG, eosinophilic secretion was noted to be absent from glandular lumina as compared to the control group. Administration of P. dactylifera extract in Group 4 showed improvement in histoarchitecture of the SV and PG with complex mucosal infoldings and glands luminal filled with secretion. Conclusion: P. dactylifera extract has a protective effect against the adverse effects of morphine on the male rat reproductive organs.
Naloxone has a Local Effect on the Testis of Immature Rats
Andrologia, 2009
Introduction Recently, the presence of Bendorphin in the human semen (Sharp and Pekary-1981) and in the male reproductive tract of the rat (Sharp et al.-1980) has been demonstrated. By immunohistochemical method ACTH and &endorphin positivity was found in the cytoplasm of Leydig cells and in the epithelium of the epididymis, vas deferens and seminal vesicle of the rat (Tsong et al.-1982). These observations raised the possibility of a direct action of opioids on the male reproductive tract. In the present study we investigated whether the opioid antagonist naloxone could directly influence testicular function. As an experimental model, we used the development of compensatory testicular hypertrophy which occurs in the remaining testis if hemicastration is performed in immature rats (Grant-1956; Ojeda and Ramirez-1972; Cunningham et al.-1978). Materials and Methods Under hypothermic conditions 5 day-old male rats of CFY strain were unilaterally castrated (UORCHX) and/or underwent local treatment of the testis. Different doses (0.01 pg, 0.10 pg, 0.5 pg, 1.0 pg, 2.0 pg/testis) of naloxone, 2.0 pg of D-Met' ,-Pro5-enkephalinamidea superactive enkephalin analogue synthesized by Bajusz et al. (1977)or 30 pg of dopamine (DA) per testis, respectively were injected under the testicular capsule by the aid of a Hamilton microsyringe. One group of animals was treated with naloxone intraperitonally giving 20 pg/lO g body weight. All the drugs were dissolved in physiological saline and administered in a volume of 2 pl. Animals were sacrified on day 10 by decapitation. Trunk blood was collected and serum stored at-20" C until testosterone (T) assay. The testes were removed, cleaned and weighed, fixed in formaline solution and embedded in paraffin. Serial sections were cut and stained with hematoxylineosin. Serum testosterone level was determined by radioimmunoassay of ether extract of 0.1 ml serum. The recovery of the extraction was checked in each sample using tracer amount of H3-labelled testosterone. The assay system contained the dissolved extract, 10 000 cpm/100 fmol/H3labelled testosterone (The Radiochemical Centre Amersham) and the antibody (RT 1/7 [Csernus-19821, 1/90 000 dil.) in a total volume of 0.7 mi buffer. After the incubation for overnight at 4' C the bound and free steroids were separated by dextran-coated charcoal. The radioactivity was measured in a two phase liquid scintillation system at 53% efficiency using Beckman LS 100 C counter. Student's c test was used to evaluate significant differences between groups.