Survey of QoS Routing Protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (original) (raw)
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Design of a QoS-Aware routing mechanism for wireless multimedia sensor networks
2008
In wireless sensor networks, majority of routing protocols considered energy efficiency as the main objective and assumed data traffic with unconstrained delivery requirements. However, the introduction of image and video sensors demands certain quality of service (QoS) from the routing protocols and underlying networks. Managing real-time data requires both energy efficiency and QoS assurance in order to ensure efficient usage of sensor resources and correctness of the collected information. In this paper, we present a novel QoS-aware routing protocol to support high data rate for wireless multimedia sensor networks. Being multi-channel multi-path the foundation, the routing decision is made according to the dynamic adjustment of the required bandwidth and path-length-based proportional delay differentiation for real-time data. The proposed protocol works in a distributed manner to ensure bandwidth and endto-end delay requirements of real-time data. At the same time, the throughput of non-real-time data is maximized by adjusting the service rate of real-time and non-real-time data. Results evaluated in simulation demonstrate a significant performance improvement in terms of average delay, average lifetime and network throughput. This full text paper was peer reviewed at the direction of IEEE Communications Society subject matter experts for publication in the IEEE "GLOBECOM" 2008 proceedings.
A Cost Function for QoS-Aware Routing in Multi-tier Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 2009
The Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) are formed by small devices that are able to capture video or audio information and to transmit it over wireless channels. The development of wireless technologies, such as: WiFi, Bluetooth, Zigbee, UWB, etc encourages the emergence of heterogeneous networks. However, only a few existing solutions take into account the constraints of multi-tier and multi-MAC networks. In this paper, we propose a cost function coupled to a new generic (independent ona MAC method) cross-layer routing protocol adapted to multimedia traffic over hierarchical and heterogeneous networks. The goal of our proposed protocol is to dynamically assess the cost of the routing process and the requirement of the multimedia application in order to ensure a sufficient soft quality of service (Soft QoS). Furthermore, the cross-layer approach is needed to use the physical and MAC parameters on the routing operation. The simulations results show that our proposition is efficient and gives better results than existing classical protocols.
Review Real-Time QoS Routing Protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: Study and Analysis
2015
Many routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks. These routing protocols are almost always based on energy efficiency. However, recent advances in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras and small microphones have led to the development of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) as a class of wireless sensor networks which pose additional challenges. The transmission of imaging and video data needs routing protocols with both energy efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics in order to guarantee the efficient use of the sensor nodes and effective access to the collected data. Also, with integration of real time applications in Wireless Senor Networks (WSNs), the use of QoS routing protocols is not only becoming a significant topic, but is also gaining the attention of researchers. In designing an efficient QoS routing protocol, the reliability and guarantee of end-to-end delay are critical events while conserving energy. Thus, considerable research has been focused on designing energy efficient and robust QoS routing protocols. In this paper, we present a state of the art research work based on real-time QoS routing protocols for WMSNs that have already been proposed. This paper categorizes the real-time QoS routing protocols into probabilistic and deterministic protocols. In addition, both categories are classified into soft and hard real time protocols by highlighting the QoS issues including the limitations and features of each protocol. Furthermore, we have compared the performance of mobility-aware query based real-time QoS routing protocols from each category using Network Simulator-2 (NS2). This paper also focuses on the design challenges and future research directions as well as highlights the characteristics of each QoS routing protocol.
Quality of service aware routing protocols in wireless multimedia sensor networks: survey
International Journal of Information Technology, 2020
Improvements in nanotechnology have introduced contemporary sensory devices that are capable of gathering multimedia data in form of images, audio and video. Wireless multimedia sensor networks handles such type of heterogeneous traffic. Since these networks are an emergent of wireless sensor networks, they inherit constraints that exist in these traditional networks. This paper is a survey of characteristics and requirements of wireless multimedia sensor networks and approaches to mitigating existing challenges in these networks. Further presents a review of recent research on multipath routing protocols and multi-channel media access protocols that offer quality of service assurances in handling multimedia data. The survey shows that there still exist bottlenecks in current routing solutions when applied to wireless multimedia sensor networks due to the nature of traffic involved as well as inherent characteristics, requirements and constraints. The findings are useful in the discovery of solutions to the challenges and issues. The authors further suggest approaches and plausible solutions to the problems in order to assist in the development of protocols that achieve quality of service in wireless multimedia sensor networks.
Real-Time QoS Routing Protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: Study and Analysis
Sensors, 2015
Many routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks. These routing protocols are almost always based on energy efficiency. However, recent advances in complementary metal-oxide semiconductor (CMOS) cameras and small microphones have led to the development of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) as a class of wireless sensor networks which pose additional challenges. The transmission of imaging and video data needs routing protocols with both energy efficiency and Quality of Service (QoS) characteristics in order to guarantee the efficient use of the sensor nodes and effective access to the collected data. Also, with integration of real time applications in Wireless Senor Networks (WSNs), the use of QoS routing protocols is not only becoming a significant topic, but is also gaining the attention of researchers. In designing an efficient QoS routing protocol, the reliability and guarantee of end-to-end delay are critical events while conserving energy. Thus, considerable research has been focused on designing energy efficient and robust QoS routing protocols. In this paper, we present a state of the art research work based on real-time QoS routing protocols for WMSNs that have already been proposed. This paper categorizes the real-time QoS routing protocols into probabilistic and deterministic protocols. In addition, both categories are classified into soft and hard real time protocols by highlighting the QoS issues including the limitations and features of each protocol. Furthermore, we have compared the performance of mobility-aware query based real-time QoS routing protocols from each category using Network Simulator-2 (NS2). This paper also focuses on the design challenges and future research directions as well as highlights the characteristics of each QoS routing protocol.
Multi Phase, QoS Aware Routing Protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks
2014
In this paper, we present a novel data centric routing protocol for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN) called Multi phase, QoS aware Routing Protocol (MQRP). It performs data delivery in WMSN considering crucial parameters, energy consumption, timeliness (delay), reliability, lifetime and fairness. Multiple QoS priorities are provided and the routing is performed based on the provided constraints. Simulation results show that MQRP provides QoS differentiation in mentioned parameters, as a result, achieves its goal which is improvement in the efficiency of a WMSN.
Journal of Engineering, 2016
With the advancement of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) and technology, applicability of WSNs as a system is touching new heights. The development of multimedia nodes has led to the creation of another intelligent distributed system, which can transfer real-time multimedia traffic, ubiquitously. Wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs) are applicable in a wide range of areas including area monitoring and video surveillance. But due to unreliable error-prone communication medium and application specific quality of service (QoS) requirements, routing of real-time multimedia traffic in WMSNs poses a serious problem. The paper discusses various existing routing strategies in WMSNs, with their properties and limitations which lead to open research issues. Further, detailed classification and analytical comparison of discussed protocols are also presented.
IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 2017
The vision of Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSNs) is to provide real-time multimedia applications using wireless sensors deployed for long-term usage. Quality of Service (QoS) assurances for both best effort data and real-time multimedia applications introduced new challenges in prioritizing multipath routing protocols in WMSNs. Multipath routing approaches with multiple constraints have received considerable research interest. In this paper, a comprehensive survey of both best effort data and real-time multipath routing protocols for WMSNs is presented. Results of a preliminary investigation into design issues affecting the development of strategic multipath routing protocols that support multimedia data in WMSNs are also presented and discussed from the network application perspective.
QoE Aware Routing Protocols in Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks: A Survey
2018
Wireless Multimedia Sensor Network (WMSN) has a grown as an area of interest in the recent years due to availability of various CMOS devices like camera and microphones. With this advent multimedia transmission is possible which can be enhanced by providing the transmission with various QoS (Quality of Service) parameters. QoE (Quality of Experience) plays a vital role in WMSN Multimedia Transmission as it is related to user perception for the application quality. Various QoE matrices like Mean Opinion Score(MOS), Peak-signal-to-noise ratio(PSNR), Structure Similarity Metric(SSIM), Video Quality Metric(VQM) are there for video quality measurement. The multimedia transmission contains audio, video, images and scalar data each which has a different metric for QoE. To provide a high-data rate transmission we need an efficient QoE aware routing protocol for multimedia Transmission in WMSN. Various Challenges and research issues are discussed in this paper.
Ant-based routing for wireless multimedia sensor networks using multiple QoS metrics
2010
In wireless sensor networks, most routing protocols consider energy savings as the main objective and assume data traffic with unconstrained delivery requirements to be a given. However, the introduction of video and imaging sensors unveils additional challenges. The transmission of video and imaging data requires both energy efficiency and QoS assurance (end-to-end delay and packet loss requirements), in order to ensure the efficient use of sensor resources as well as the integrity of the information collected. This paper presents a QoS routing model for Wireless Multimedia Sensor Networks (WMSN). Moreover, based on the traditional ant-based algorithm, an ant-based multi-QoS routing metric (AntSens-Net) is proposed. The AntSensNet protocol builds a hierarchical structure on the network before choosing suitable paths to meet various QoS requirements from different kinds of traffic, thus maximizing network utilization, while improving its performance. In addition, AntSensNet is able to use a efficient multi-path video packet scheduling in order to get minimum video distortion transmission. Finally, extensive simulations are conducted to assess the effectiveness of this novel solution and a detailed discussion regarding the effects of different system parameters is provided. Compared to typical routing algorithms in sensor networks and the traditional ant-based algorithm, this new algorithm has better convergence and provides significantly better QoS for multiple types of services in wireless multimedia sensor networks.