Serum Homocysteine, Lipid Profile and BMI as Atherosclerotic Risk Factors in Children with Numerical Chromosomal Aberrations (original) (raw)
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Plasma homocysteine in subjects with familial combined hyperlipidemia
Atherosclerosis, 2003
Familial combined hyperlipidemia (FCH) is characterised by hypercholesterolemia and/or hypertriglyceridemia and associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels in subjects with FCH are relatively moderately elevated and do not fully explain the increased risk of CVD. Hyperhomocysteinemia is a disorder of methionine metabolism and also a well-known independent risk factor for CVD. We investigated whether subjects with FCH have higher plasma homocysteine concentrations than controls, and whether homocysteine contributes to the increased risk of CVD in FCH. Furthermore we evaluated whether parameters of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism and/or insulin resistance are associated with the homocysteine level. In total 667 subjects, including 161 subjects with FCH, 109 spouses who referenced as control group and 397 normolipidemic relatives were studied. FCH was defined by the presence of plasma total cholesterol and/or triglyceride levels above the 90th percentile adjusted for age and gender. The mean homocysteine concentration of the FCH group did not significantly differ from the control group. The risk for CVD due to hyperhomocysteinemia in subjects with FCH was not higher than in subjects without FCH. No associations were observed between plasma homocysteine concentration and plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, including small dense low density lipoprotein, nor between homocysteine concentration and insulin resistance. #
Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences
Aim: To evaluate the total homocysteine (tHcy) level, a risk factor for atherosclerosis, atherothrombosis, and insulin resistance, for sex and pubertal state diff erences in obese children. Its relationship with metabolic and anthropometric parameters was also investigated. Materials and methods: Th e study involved obese children with a body mass index (BMI) above the 95th percentile who presented with the complaint of excessive weight gain, and healthy children with a BMI below the 85th percentile. Results: Th e study included 100 obese (mean age: 10.2 ± 2.7 years) and 71 healthy nonobese (mean age: 10.9 ± 2.6) children. A comparison of the data from the obese group and the control group revealed that the diff erences in BMI, BMI standard deviation score, tHcy, total cholesterol, triglyceride (TG), insulin, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), lowdensity lipoprotein (LDL), and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were statistically signifi cant (P < 0.05). In the obese group, the tHcy level was statistically signifi cantly correlated with age and BMI, TG, and HDL levels (P < 0.05), while it was not statistically signifi cantly correlated with total cholesterol, LDL, fasting glucose, insulin, or HOMA-IR levels (P > 0.05). Conclusion: Th e results of this study showed that the tHcy level was higher in obese children than in healthy children. However, the tHcy level was not signifi cantly correlated with insulin resistance in obese children. Obese children should be routinely screened for high tHcy levels due to the potential atherosclerosis risks, and patients with high tHcy levels should be treated.
Nutrition, 2013
Objective: To evaluate homocysteine and total cysteine levels in prepubertal children and to determine the association between these levels and obesity, increased waist circumference, glucose levels, and lipid profile alterations. Methods: Using a cross-sectional study, 677 prepubertal students 6 to 11 y old were assessed. The weight, height, and waist circumference of the students were measured. Laboratory analyses included triacylglycerols, total cholesterol and its fractions, glucose, vitamin B12, folate, homocysteine, and cysteine. Chi-square tests and logistic regression (forward-stepwise) were used for statistical analysis; the significance level was set at 5%. Results: The median age of the students was 8.9 y (6.5-11.5), and the prevalences of overweight and obesity were 90 in 677 (13.3%) and 81 in 677 (12.0%), respectively. An increase in waist circumference was observed in 180 of 677 children (26.6%). Inadequate levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triacylglycerols, and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol were found in 95 (14.0%), 129 (19.1%), and 179 (26.4%) of the 677 students, respectively. The median homocysteine and total cysteine plasma levels were 5.6 mmol/L (0.1-11.7) and 365.7 mmol/L (191.5-589.2), respectively. A multivariate analysis showed that children with a waist circumference above the 90th percentile (7.3 mmol/L) were 2.4 times (95% confidence interval 1.4-4.0) more likely to have increased homocysteine levels and that children with increased waist circumferences and those with high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were 2.7 (95% confidence interval 1.6-4.6) and 2.1 (95% confidence interval 1.1-4.0) times more likely, respectively, to have total cysteine levels above the 90th percentile (445.0 mmol/L). Conclusion: The association of abdominal obesity in prepuberty with levels of homocysteine and cysteine found in this study of a prepubertal population could be an early and independent predictor of cardiovascular risk.
Homocysteine and Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Overweight or Obese Children and Adolescents
Health, 2015
Introduction: Among the extrinsic factors, homocysteine (Hy) stands out, which is an intermediate amino acid of the intracellular metabolism of methionine involved in the process of cellular oxidation, which promotes the installation of atheromatous plaques and, therefore, is considered as an emerging cardiovascular risk factor. Objective: To evaluate the plasma homocysteine levels (Hy) in overweight or obese children and adolescents and their relation with cardiovascular risk factors. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2011 to May 2012 with overweight or obesity children and adolescents aged 2 to 18 years followed at the Center for Childhood Obesity (IOC), Campina Grande-PB. A structured form was used to record demographic, socioeconomic and clinics variables and the patients underwent laboratory tests to define their lipid and glucose profiles and measurement of plasma Hy levels. Results: The study evaluated a total of 165 children and adolescents with mean age of 12.5 (±2.5) years; the majority were female (57.0%). Regarding the lipid profile, there was more individuals with low HDL cholesterol (88.5%). Plasma Hy levels were high in 24.2% of the sample. The mean Hy levels ranged from 4.3 to 18.9 µmol/L, being higher in males, obese adolescents and also in patients with high insulin levels and resistance. Conclusions: The results shown in this study emphasize the importance of detecting and controlling the plasma Hy levels as an independent cardiovascular risk factor, and the need for further studies to evaluate the clinical and biological factors related to alterations in its metabolism.
Cardiovascular Journal Of Africa, 2013
Aim: Hyperhomocysteinaemia and the metabolic syndrome are associated with increased cardiovascular risk. We investigated whether there is a link between the metabolic syndrome or its components and homocysteine levels in a population without cardiovascular disease. Methods: From the population sample of 382 participants (286 females and 96 males) we isolated those reflecting the metabolic syndrome and determined their homocysteine levels. We then evaluated the association of homocysteine with hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia, hypercholesterolaemia, hypertension and obesity, using a significance level of p = 0.05. Enzymatic methods were used for all biochemical parameters. Results: We found the statistical relationship between homocysteine and the metabolic syndrome as follows: hyperglycaemia (p = 0.175), hypertriglyceridaemia (p = 0.442), hypercholesterolaemia (p = 0.480), obesity (p = 0.080); and hypertension: systolic pressure (p = 0.002) and diastolic pressure (p = 0.033). Conclusion: We found no statistically significant association between baseline plasma homocysteine levels and the metabolic syndrome, except for hypertension.
Atherogenic Dyslipidemia in Children: Evaluation of Clinical, Biochemical and Genetic Aspects
PLOS ONE, 2015
The precursors of atherogenic dyslipidemia (AD) are not well defined. Therefore, we investigated 62 non-obese, non-diabetic AD and 221 normolipemic children. Anthropometric parameters, blood pressure and biochemical measures were obtained in index children, their parents and all available siblings. The heritability (h 2) of anthropometric and biochemical traits was estimated by SOLAR. Rare and common variants in APOA1 and LPL genes were screened by re-sequencing. Compared to normolipemic, AD children showed increased body mass index, waist circumference, plasma glucose, insulin, ApoB, HOMA-IR, hs-CRP and lower adiponectin (p<0.001 for all). Metabolic syndrome was present in 40% of AD while absent in controls. All traits (except adiponectin and hs-CRP) showed a strong familial aggregation, with plasma glucose having the highest heritability (89%). Overall, 4 LPLlossof-function mutations were detected (p.Asp9Asn, p.Ser45Asn, p.Asn291Ser, p.Leu365Val) and their cumulative prevalence was higher in AD than in control children (0.073 vs. 0.026; P=0.038). The LPLp.S447* gain-of-function mutation, resulted to be less frequent in AD than in control children (0.064 vs. 0.126; P=0.082). No variant in the APOA1gene was found. Our data indicate that AD is a rather common dyslipidemia in childhood; it associates with metabolic abnormalities typical of insulin resistant state and shows a strong familial aggregation. LPLvariants may contribute to the development of AD phenotype.
[High frequency of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents with Down Syndrome]
Revista chilena de pediatria, 2017
Down Syndrome (DS) shows an increased risk of chronic diseases, associated to higher morbidity and mortality for cardiovascular disease. Some studies have shown a worse lipid profile in children with DS, however, until now there is no recommendation for screening for dyslipidemia in these subjects. To describe the frequency of dyslipidemia in a population of Chilean children and adolescents with DS. Retrospective study, including patients with DS, aged 2 to 18 years, who participated in a special health care program for people with DS in Health Net UC CHRISTUS, between 2007 and 2015. Patients who had a lipid profile between their routine laboratory tests were included. Clinical characteristics, relevant comorbidities, malformations, medications, nutritional status and pubertal development were obtained from medical records. Diagnosis of dyslipidemia was considered according to the criteria of the NHLBI 2011. The medical records of 218 children with DS were revised, 58,3% had some ty...
Lipid Profile, Lp(a) Levels, and HDL Quality in Adolescents with Down Syndrome
Journal of Clinical Medicine
The improvement in the lifespan of individuals with Down syndrome (DS) has created interest in the context of the development of age-related diseases. Among them is atherosclerosis-based cardiovascular disease (CVD), which seems to be an especially urgent and important issue. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the lipid markers that may clarify cardiovascular risk profiles in individuals with DS. To this end, we analyzed lipid profile parameters, including lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels, protein composition, and the antioxidative properties of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), in 47 adolescents with DS and 47 individuals without DS. Compared with the control group (C), subjects with DS had significantly increased concentrations of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (105 ± 31 vs. 90 ± 24 mg/dL, p = 0.014), non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (120 ± 32 vs. 103 ± 26 mg/dL, p = 0.006), and triglycerides (72 [55–97] vs. 60 [50–77] mg/dL, p = 0.048). We found that patients wi...
[Increase of homocysteine in cardiovascular diseases in Hungary]
Orvosi Hetilap, 2006
Introduction: Our aim was to investigate the association of elevated homocysteine (Hcy) and lipoprotein(a) Lp (a) with the prevalence of coronary artery disease (CAD) and myocardial infarction (MI) and to investigate their interaction in both genders. Materials and methods: 955 (male/female: 578/377) consecutive patients admitted for coronary angiography were enrolled in the study. Lp(a), Hcy, vitamin B12, folic acid, MTHFR C677T polymorphism and traditional risk factors were determined. Results: 619 patients had significant (≥50%) stenosis (CAD+) and 341 had MI (MI+). CAD-MI-cases (n =302) were considered as controls. Adjusted Hcy levels were significantly elevated only in the female CAD + MI + group that was related to decreased vitamin B12 levels. Lp(a) was elevated in the CAD+ MI + group of both genders. Folic acid levels and MTHFR T677 allele frequency did not show significant difference. Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia (Hcy N 15 μmol/L) or elevated Lp(a) (N 300 mg/L) increased the risk of CAD (OR 2.27, CI 1.36-3.80 and OR 1.64, CI 1.03-2.61, respectively) and MI (OR 2.52, CI 1.36-4.67 and OR 1.89, CI 1.06-3.38, respectively) only in women. Only simultaneous but not isolated elevation of Hcy and Lp(a) conferred a significant, 3.6-fold risk of CAD in females and even higher (11-fold) risk in young females, which suggested an interactive effect. Conclusions: Moderate hyperhomocysteinemia or elevated Lp(a) level associated with a risk of CAD and MI only in women. While isolated elevation of one of the two parameters represented a mild risk of CAD, their combined elevation highly increased the risk in females. No such effect was observed in males.