Pharmacological Evaluation of Rhizomes of Acorus Calamus for Analgesic Activity (original) (raw)
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Establishment of Monograph of Acorus Calamus Linn. Rhizomes
Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics, 2012
Acorus calamus Linn. (Araceae) is a semi-aquatic, perennial, aromatic herb with creeping rhizomes, arching tapered reed-like leaves and minute yellow-green flowers growing wild in wet areas like edges of streams and around ponds & lakes, in ditches and seeps and also cultivated. It is widely distributed throughout India and Ceylon, ascending the Himalayas up to 6600 feet in Sikkim, plentiful in the marshy tracts of Kashmir, Sirmoor, M anipur and Naga Hills. The rhizomes are considered to possess anti-spasmodic, carminative and anthelmintic, aromatic, expectorant, nervine, sedative, stimulant and nauseating properties. M edicinally used for the treatment of epilepsy, mental ailments, chronic diarrhea, dysentery, bronchial catarrh, intermittent fevers and glandular and abdominal tumors. The current study was therefore carried out to identify requisite pharmacognostical details i.e. organoleptic, microscopical, fluorescence analysis, quantitative microscopy and physical constants such as ash value and extractive values of the fruit. The extacts were subjected to preliminary phytochemical screening. The study revealed specific indices for the particular crude drug which will be useful in identification, control on adulterations of the crude drug and preparation of a monograph of the drug.
Acorus calamus ,which is commonly known as Sweet flag is a medicinal plant used for the treatment of various disease and disorders. The active constituents such as phenyl propanoids, sesquiterpenes and monoterpenes as well as xanthone glycosides, flavones, lignans, steroids obtained from the plant has been proved to show various pharmacological activites such as insecticidal, larvicidal, antibacterial, mutagenic, cytotoxic, hepatoprotective, anticonvulsant, neuroleptic, smooth muscle relaxant and smooth muscle stimulant activity.Further exploration for the isolation of the bioactive constituents has to be done in order to reveal its potential application in the field of medicinal research.This review is done to reveal the scope and application of Acorus calamus in the pharmaceutical and agricultural field to bring out more drugs and natural products out of it.
In Vitro Anticholinergic and Antihistaminic Activities of Acorus Calamus Linn. Leaves Extracts
African Journal of Traditional Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2013
The present investigation was aimed at determining the effects of hexane, acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of Acorus calamus leaves (ACHE, ACAE, ACME and ACAQE) on cholinergic and histaminic system using isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle and guinea pig ileum. A dose dependent potentiation of Ach response (anticholinesterase like effect) was found with ACAE and ACME at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/ml, but at higher dose of ACAE, ACME, ACAQE and ACHE (5, 20 mg/ml) inhibit the Ach response (antinicotinic effect). These results revealed biphasic effect of Acorus calamus leaves extracts on acetylcholine induced contractile response in isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle preparation (i.e. potentiation effect at lower dose and inhibitory effect at higher dose). Studies on isolated guinea pig ileum demonstrated antihistaminic effect in a dose dependent manner (100-1000 mu g/ml) with ACAE, ACME and ACAQE. In addition, the dose dependent inhibition of Ach response (antimuscarinic effect) was observed with ACAE and ACME. In conclusion, Acorus calamus leaves extracts exerts antinicotinic, anticholinesterase like activities in isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle and antihistaminic, antimuscarinic effect in guinea pig ileum. It has been suggested that these observed activities can be further studied for therapeutic potential of Acorus calamus leaves in the treatment of cognitive disorders and asthma.
In Vitro Anticholinergic and Antihistaminic Activities of Acorus Calamus Linn. Leaves Extracts
African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2012
The present investigation was aimed at determining the effects of hexane, acetone, methanol and aqueous extracts of Acorus calamus leaves (ACHE, ACAE, ACME and ACAQE) on cholinergic and histaminic system using isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle and guinea pig ileum. A dose dependent potentiation of Ach response (anticholinesterase like effect) was found with ACAE and ACME at 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 and 1 mg/ml, but at higher dose of ACAE, ACME, ACAQE and ACHE (5, 20 mg/ml) inhibit the Ach response (antinicotinic effect). These results revealed biphasic effect of Acorus calamus leaves extracts on acetylcholine induced contractile response in isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle preparation (i.e. potentiation effect at lower dose and inhibitory effect at higher dose). Studies on isolated guinea pig ileum demonstrated antihistaminic effect in a dose dependent manner (100-1000 µg/ml) with ACAE, ACME and ACAQE. In addition, the dose dependent inhibition of Ach response (antimuscarinic effect) was observed with ACAE and ACME. In conclusion, Acorus calamus leaves extracts exerts antinicotinic, anticholinesterase like activities in isolated frog rectus abdominis muscle and antihistaminic, antimuscarinic effect in guinea pig ileum. It has been suggested that these observed activities can be further studied for therapeutic potential of Acorus calamus leaves in the treatment of cognitive disorders and asthma.
PHYTOCHEMICAL INVESTIGATION OF THE RHIZOMES OF Acorus calamus
Chemistry of Natural Compounds, 2014
The rhizomes of Acorus calamus L. (Araceae) furnished three diarylated naphthoyl esters characterized as 4,4,8E-trimethylhexahydroindan-3E-olyl-(2c-isopent-3cc-enyl)-7c-(isopent-2ccc-enyl)naphth-1c-oate, lanost-5,20(22)-dien-3E-olyl-(2c-isopent-3cc-enyl)-7c-(isopent-2ccc-enyl)naphth-1c-oate, and lanost-5,8-dien-3E-olyl-(2c-isopent-3cc-enyl)-7c-(isopent-2ccc-enyl)naphth-1c-oate along with the aliphatic constituents n-pentatetracontane and n-hexatetracontane. The structures of all the phytoconstituents have been established on the basis of spectral data analysis and chemical reactions.