Energy Audit: A Case Study in FTK Building Universiti Malaysia Pahang (original) (raw)
Related papers
Analysis of energy consumption and potential energy savings of an institutional building in Malaysia
Alexandria Engineering Journal
The building sector is one of the major energy users and greenhouse gasses emitter. An energy audit is one of the effective approaches to identify efficient energy usages and energy savings. A details walk-through energy audit has been conducted to analyse the energy consumption pattern and potential energy conservation opportunities (ECOs) in Research and Development (R&D) building at Universiti Malaya from March to May 2017. Eight different appliances were categorised to analyse and the audit results were verified with the building’s utility bill which on average were between 160 MWh to 250 MWh and RM 80 k to RM 120 k per month. In this case, it was found that the air-conditioning (34%), lighting (18%) and PC/laptops (10%) are the main appliances that contributed to the total energy consumption for the building. The replacement to LEDs light in three different stages marked as Level A, Level A + B and Level A + B + C revealed to be a good solution for energy conservation which resulted in annual energy savings of 72,750 kWh, 110,381kWh and 144,386 kWh. It concurrently contributes to annual savings of RM26554, RM40289 and RM52701 based on 9 h daily operating time with the payback period of about 1 year.
Alam Selangor. A fact has shown that the buildings are responsible for using a vast amount of energy. The energy consumption in buildings is increased by air conditioning system. To implement actions to save energy in buildings, it is necessary to measure and study its energy efficiency. This study describes the result of user attitudes towards air conditioning usage, electric energy consumption pattern and building energy index in building. Through the site survey, the results show that, the operation of air conditioning system was unsatisfying. In conclusion, the air conditioning energy consumption can be reduced by several proposed measures. The proposed measures are categorized into two ways: by improving user attitude towards using air conditioning through awareness and technical improvement.
Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy, 2013
In this paper, a survey was conducted on a residential condominium to estimate energy use by different household appliances along the lighting energy estimation in public areas. It has been found that about 2.17 GWh of energy is used in the condominium annually by different types of household appliances and lightings in public areas. As there is significant potential to reduce the energy used, different energy savings measures have been applied and energy savings, bill savings, life cycle cost analysis have been estimated and presented in this paper. It has been found that a cumulative amount of 2.4 GWh of energy can be saved for about 10 years with the implementation of different energy savings strategies proposed for appliances and lighting in public areas. However, good maintenance practices and good energy management practices should be employed continuously to maintain high energy efficiency and high performance of the equipment used and the entire building. It has been found that some of the measures like reducing air conditioning load and reducing heat gain through window tinting are economically very viable as payback period is very short. More advantageously, some of the measures can be implemented without investing significant cost. Ultimately, a key driver in the success of energy efficiency is the education and attitude of the stakeholders in the building industry, and end users who are committed to practice energy saving measures.
E3S web of conferences, 2023
As Malaysia continues to develop at a fast pace, the number of buildings in this country rapidly increases. Commercial buildings which include office buildings are one of the three major energy consuming sectors, which includes industrial and transportation sectors. Most Malaysian government office buildings tend to consume energy inefficiently due to lack of energy optimization. This study aims to analyse the energy performance as well as the factors that influence energy consumption in government office buildings. The chosen buildings for this case study are six government office buildings located in Kuala Lumpur, the capital of Malaysia. In this study, literature review has been conducted on the common factors affecting energy consumption in office buildings. The energy consumption data of the buildings were collected and analysed by comparison among the buildings and the SketchUp software. The Building Energy Intensity (BEI) of each building was also calculated using the formula in MS 1525:2019. Literature review and results from the case study show that airconditioning system is the major energy consumer in office buildings, followed by lighting system while other office equipment consumed the least energy. The findings also highlight that energy consumption in office buildings is affected by non-design factors such as building occupants' behaviour, number of building occupants, outdoor temperature as well as passive design factors such as building orientation and window-to-wall ratio. Recommendations were derived based on the findings from literature review and the case study for best practices to optimize energy consumption in government office buildings in Malaysia.
Journal of the Civil Engineering Forum, 2018
Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) is an indicator that is used to determine the amount of energy used per area by an airconditioned building within a month or a year as a reference to determine how much energy conservation can be done in the building. To determine the energy consumption of buildings and to determine the savings opportunities, there should be an effort to review the energy consumption through energy audits. In this research, energy consumption analysis was conducted at the Main Office building of the Faculty of Engineering (KPFT) and Department of Civil Engineering and Environmental (CEED) of Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta. The analysis was conducted on the main variables of energy efficiency, namely: measurement of temperature and relative humidity, calculation of Overall Thermal Transfer Value (OTTV) and Roof Thermal Transfer Value (RTTV), calculation of Energy Consumption Intensity (IKE) in air-conditioned and non-airconditioned rooms as well as an analysis of opportunities to increase the efficiency of energy consumption in the buildings. The results showed that the temperature and the relative humidity of the KPFT building = 28.4℃ and 62%, while CEED Building = 28.4℃ dan 65%. Calculation of average OTTV of the KPFT building = 17.61 W/m 2 and CEED building = 43.05 W/m 2. Average IKE of the KPFT building in 2015 was 3.25 kWh/m 2 /month and in 2016 was 3.45 kWh/m 2 /month, while the average IKE of CEED building in 2015 was 1.5 kWh/m 2 /month and in 2016 was 0.79 kWh/m 2 /month. Based on the calculation of IKE in both buildings, they are still considered in the category of efficient. However, based on the measurement of temperature and relative humidity, it shows that in both buildings air conditioning is still necessary to achieve the level of thermal comfort, therefore an increase of efficiency in the load is needed to avoid wastage.
Building Energy Index: A Case Study of Three Government Office Buildings in Malaysia
This paper presents the findings of a study to investigate energy consumption for three selected government office buildings in Malaysia and to determine the Building Energy Index (BEI) for each building. The main purpose of this study is to review how much the buildings utilized energy and then to identify factors affecting energy usage. To obtain basic information and data, the analysis was performed based on the data gathered, on-site survey and qualitative assessment on the building and its systems. Building Energy Index (BEI) is used for comparing energy consumption in buildings for one year and measured in kilowatts hours divided by the gross floor area of the building in square meters. Based on BEI MS 1525:2007 Standard of 136 kWh/m 2 /year, there is only one of selected building has achieved BEI below than requirement standard for energy efficient building in Malaysia. In the end, factors that affecting inefficient energy consumption will provide researcher to propose appropriate energy saving approaches in future study. At the meanwhile for a long term solutions and consistent energy savings, it can be achieve by implementing energy efficient design with sustainable technologies in the early stage of construction to maintain the best environment of workplace while minimizing the energy cost.
Energy Management: A Case Study on the Malaysian Government Office Building
— Based on the current needs of the sustainable and green technology in Malaysian construction industry, this research is led to look for and distinguish chances to better oversee energy use including the procedure of comprehend when, where, and how energy is utilized in a building. The motivation behind this research is to give a best practice rule as a pragmatic instrument to help construction industry in Malaysia to enhance the energy efficiency of the workplace building during the post construction by auditing the current practice of the building operation and maintenance in order to optimize the usage and reduce the amount of energy input into the building. Accordingly, this paper will review the current issue in energy management, and to investigate the energy flow in a building and also its energy dynamics. There were a few courses of action included and concentrated on specialized systems, for example, energy metering, tracing, harvesting, and auditing based on the case study. A Government office building in Putrajaya was chosen as a proper detailed analysis for this research. Toward the end of this exploration, it will suggest a vital approach or model in a particular rule for empowering energy efficient operation and maintenance in the office building.
Journal of Advanced Research in Applied Sciences and Engineering Technology, 2023
Buildings are one of the highest energy consumption contributors in the construction sector in Malaysia. Some parameters are acknowledged as the factors that influence the efficiency of building energy, including climate conditions, location and type of buildings. Optimizing the energy efficiency of buildings is a more economical strategy to reduce energy consumption, especially for tropical climates, and Malaysia naturally has plenty of sunlight and consistency throughout the year. Therefore, this paper discusses Malaysia different building designs and policies to improve energy consumption and efficiency of office buildings in Malaysia. In addition, the limitations encountered and the initiatives implemented by the Malaysian government in improving energy usage in the office building are also included. This review is expected to provide a framework and explanation that can be used as a guide to identify which approach is most appropriate to help optimize energy efficiency for buildings in developing and tropical countries such as Malaysia.
Review of Building Energy Efficiency in the Hot and Humid Climate of Malaysia
Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology, 2017
Globally, environmental concerns and the progressively increasing high cost of energy have resulted in renewed interest in alternative forms of energy conservation and efficiency. The aim of this study is to describe various energy policies that the government of Malaysia has been adopted in order to ensure long-term reliability and security of energy supply for sustainable social economic development in the country. Improved living standards in developing nations have led to higher demand for energy, which requires nations to review their energy efficient strategies. While a significant portion of the total primary energy is consumed by buildings in developed nations, developing nations like Malaysia are proactively addressing the energy consumption issue. This review describes the standards and energy efficient codes for buildings, introduces low-energy building concepts and provides information on energy consumption of buildings in Malaysia. Alternative energy options like biomass, solar, wind and mini-hydro energy to ensure reliable, sustainable and secure supplies of energy in this country are considered.
Energy Efficiency Study in Alor Gajah Municipal Council Buildings
Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences, 2022
Energy efficiency in buildings plays a prominent role in the integrated urban development and environmental planning. By reducing the energy consumption of buildings, the environmental impact and carbon footprint are less, as well as costs for energy are reduced and optimized. The poor results from previous energy efficiency initiatives had forced the Malaysian government to launch National Energy Efficiency Action Plan for 10 years implementation period of 2016-2025 (NEEAP) after taking into account the socio-culture, policy, financial, and administration barriers. The objective of this study was to present and discuss the findings of the energy audit for the Alor Gajah Municipal Council (MPAG) building complex. MPAG will be able to save up to RM2,400,00.00 in energy spending between 2020 and 2030, should all the energy efficiency initiatives be fully implemented together with renewable energy. By investing in energy efficiency MPAG can achieve substantial energy cost savings throughout the facilities, demonstrate energy and environmental leadership, and raise self-awareness of the benefits of energy efficiency. This case study also summarises the recommendations for the implementation of energy efficiency in the building complex. Some suggestions are made in this paper as measures to improve the delivery mechanism. The Internet of Energy (IoE) is an implementation of the Internet of Things technology (IoT) will becoming a legal science tool to serve the purpose of a smart city.