Ovarian carcinoma: An overview of current status (original) (raw)

Ovarian cancer: Current status and strategies for improving therapeutic outcomes

Cancer Medicine

Ovarian cancer (OC) is the deadliest cancer among women placing it with 4th place for all the fatal disease among women. Cancer statistics from 2019 show that the estimated number of new cases is 22 240 with deaths around 14 170 cases. 1 There are three histological types associated with the disease. The most common is epithelial OC (EOC). Patients with this fatal disease have only 45.6% 5-year survival rate. 2 The survival rate in general increases up to 70% if effective early stage detection is possible. Early-stage detection rate for this disease is as low as 20%. For most of the patients the late

Actualities in Ovarian Cancer in the Perspective of 2015 (ASCO and ECCO)

2016

Ovarian cancer represents the 4-th reason of cancer related death in women, the majority of patients being diagnosed in advanced stages of the disease, (III-IV). The loco-regional advanced ovarian cancer should be considered a chronic disease, with multiple evolutionary relapses and where the adjuvant treatment is mandatory.The treatment of the disease is multidisciplinary and the oncologist is the centerpiece.

Epithelial ovarian cancer: An overview

World Journal of Translational Medicine, 2014

Ovarian cancer is the second most common gynecological cancer and the leading cause of death in the United States. In this article we review the diagnosis and current management of epithelial ovarian cancer which accounts for over 95 percent of the ovarian malignancies. We will present various theories about the potential origin of ovarian malignancies. We will discuss the genetic anomalies and syndromes that may cause ovarian cancers with emphasis on Breast cancer type 1/2 mutations. The pathology and pathogenesis of ovarian carcinoma will also be presented. Lastly, we provide a comprehensive overview of treatment strategies and staging of ovarian cancer, conclusions and future directions. Desai et al.

Ovarian cancer – where are we today?

Romanian Journal of Medical Practice

Despite progress reported in terms of paraclinical tests and imagistic studies, ovarian cancer represents one of the most lethal malignancies affecting women worldwide. Therefore attention was focused on identifying new prognostic markers in order to better identify candidates for primary cytoreductive surgery versus interval debulking surgery. Moreover, the wide introduction of the concept of personalized medicine gave the opportunity to benefit from more targeted treatments according to each patient needs and particularities. This is a literature review of the current status of ovarian cancer worldwide.

EPIDEMIOLOGY OF OVARIAN CANCER: AN UPDATED SYSTEMATIC REVIEW (2019-2021)

Background: Ovarian cancer (OC) is expected to cause 239,000 new cases and 152,000 deaths globally each year. Almost all benign and malignant ovarian tumors are caused by one of three types of cells: epithelial cells, stromal cells, or germ cells. The prevalence of OC varies significantly across the countries. Several risk factors have been associated with OC incidence. Among these risk factors are Family history, menarche and menopause age, pregnancy, lactation, obesity, and contraceptives use. Aim: To assess the epidemiology of ovarian cancer in females, including risk factors, diagnosis, survival, racial differences and other characteristics. Methods: Studies related to our subject were explored using PubMed and Google scholar databases during 2019 to 2021. The included searching keywords were “Ovarian cancer (OC), Epidemiology, Risk factors, OC diagnosis, OC survival, OC racial and ethnic characteristics" and were used in various combinations. The inclusion criteria were original studies reported ovarian cancer epidemiology conducted on females and full text- articles. Results: A total of 125 articles were obtained, only eleven articles were eligible for the inclusion criteria. The involved studies were conducted on a total number of 62459 participants. Out of 11 studies included, 3 studies were published in 2019, 7 studies in 2020 and 1 study in 2021. Four studies were cross-sectional, six cohort studies and one study based on data from SEER program. Conclusion: The average age of the OC patients in our sample was 52.5 years. Granulosa tumours and high-grade serous carcinoma were the most common histological characteristics of ovarian cancer. Non-Hispanic black women were shown to have a greater overall mortality risk than non-Hispanic white women. More research is needed to investigate the involvement of unknown risk factors in the development of ovarian cancer. Keywords: Ovarian cancer (OC), Epidemiology, Risk factors, OC diagnosis, OC survival and OC racial and ethnic characteristics.

Epidemiology of epithelial ovarian cancer: a tertiary hospital based study in Goa, India

Ovarian malignant tumors have varied clinical and biologic behaviour. It is the sixth most common cancer among women (Age standaradised incidence rate being 6.6/100,000) and seventh leading cause of cancer deaths globally (age standaradised mortality rate being 4.0/100,00). 1 In India, during the period 2004-2005, proportion of ovarian cancer varied from 1.7% to 8.7% of all female cancers in various population based registries of Indian Council of Medical Research. The proportion of this cancer was 6.0%-7.7% of all cancers among females in Gujarat. The Age Specific Incidence Rate (ASIR) for ovarian cancer revealed that the disease increases from 35 years of age and reaches a peak between the ages 55-64. 2 Late presentation and ineffective screening methods are impediments in its early detection. The screening tests in form of estimation of CA-125 and Transvaginal sonography are non-specific. 3 Therefore, the diagnosis is made in late stage when cure rates are low and with increased morbidity due to limited effective treatment options. Five-year survival rates range from 30-50% for all ABSTRACT Background: Ovarian malignancy is seventh most common cancer in women globally. With increase in longevity, the incidence of epithelial ovarian cancer is increasing and its etiopathology remains unknown. We present preliminary epidemiological findings to help prioritize research. Methods: Present epidemiological study is retrospective, descriptive study over two years. The collected data was analyzed using SPSS software for overall survival, with respect to stage of disease and histopathology type. Multivariate analysis was done to know independent risk factors. Results: 114 cases of primary ovarian epithelial cancer were analyzed. Patients' mean age at diagnosis was 52.1±8.96 years (median=52). 52.6% patients had stage III disease at first visit. Serous adenocarcinoma (85.05%) was the most prevalent type of histopathology followed by mucinous (7.1%), clear cell (6.1%) and Endometroid carcinoma (1.75%). Surgery followed by combination of taxane and platinum chemotherapy was first line treatment in 35%. The mean age at diagnosis was more with advancing stage (stage one 44±9.53 and stage four 55.35±9.74 years) but it was not statistically significant (p=0.098) Advancing age demonstrated poor survival (log-rank p=0.05) but survival was not significantly different in relation to histopathology (log-rank =0.629). On multivariate regression analysis age of patient (p=0.004), and stage of disease (p=0.005) were found to be independent risk factors while histopathology was not an independent risk factor (p=0.688) for survival. Conclusions: Research should be aimed to find tools for screening and early diagnosis as well as better therapeutic approaches for advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.