Protective Effect of Conocarpus erectus Extracts on CCl-Induced Chronic Liver Injury in Mice (original) (raw)
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Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências, 2016
Mangroves represent areas of high biological productivity and it is a region rich in bioactive substances used in medicine production. Conocarpus erectus (Combretaceae) known as button mangrove is one of the species found in mangroves and it is used in folk medicine in the treatment of anemia, catarrh, conjunctivitis, diabetes, diarrhea, fever, gonorrhea, headache, hemorrhage, orchitis, rash, bumps and syphilis. The present study aimed to investigate the acute toxicity of aqueous extract of leaves of C. erectus in Swiss albino mice. The plant material was collected in Vila Velha mangroves, located in Itamaracá (PE). The material was subjected to a phytochemical screening where extractive protocols to identify majority molecules present in leaves were used. The evaluation of acute toxicity of aqueous extract of C. erectus followed the model of Acute Toxicity Class based on OECD 423 Guideline, 2001. The majority molecules were identified: flavonoids, tannins and saponins. The LD50 was...
Food and Chemical Toxicology, 2008
Oxidative damage is involved in the pathogenesis of various hepatic injuries. In the present study the capacity of Commiphora berryi (Arn) Engl bark as an antioxidant to protect against CCl4-induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity in Albino Wistar rats was investigated. Intraperitoneal injection of CCl4, administered twice a week, produced a marked elevation in the serum levels of aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase, alkaline phosphatase and bilirubin. Histopathological analysis of the liver of CCl4-induced rats revealed marked liver cell necrosis with inflammatory collections that were conformed to increase in the levels of SOD, GPx and CAT. Daily oral administration of methanolic extract of C. berryi (Arn) Engl bark at 100 and 200 mg/kg doses for 15 days produced a dose-dependent reduction in the serum levels of liver enzymes. Treatment with C. berryi normalized various biochemical parameters of oxidative stress and was compared with standard Silymarin. Therefore, the results of this study show that C. berryi (Arn) Engl bark can be proposed to protect the liver against CCl4-induced oxidative damage in rats, and the hepatoprotective effect might be correlated with its antioxidant and free radical scavenger effects.
A review of phytochemical and biological studies on Conocarpus erectus (Combretaceae)
Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 2014
Conocarpus erectus is a low branching evergreen shrub or tree with a typical height of up to 40 feet. This plant contains phenols such as flavonoids and tannins as its major constituents. The extract of C. erectus from different parts (leaves, stems, fruits, and flowers) showed high antioxidant, hepatoprotective and anticancer activity due to the presence of phenolic compounds. It has been shown that tannins have high antimicrobial activity than other phenolic compounds. This review is an attempt to cover the pharmacognostic characteristics, traditional uses, phytochemistry and biological activities of the plant
Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science
The present study was undertaken to investigate the possible protective effect of two edible parts (leaves and stems) of Rumex dentatus L. on inflammatory factors and oxidant/antioxidative status of rat. Determination of total phenolic content of the two parts and isolation of bioactive secondary metabolites from the promising leaves extract were carried out. The hepatic antioxidant parameters; glutathione, catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, nitric oxide and malondialdehyde were measured. Liver marker enzymes and hepatic function enzymes; aspartate and alanine aminotransferases as well as cholestatic markers; alkaline phosphatase, gamma glutamyltransferase, serum total protein content, urea, creatinine were evaluated. In addition, inflammatory markers; interleukin (IL)-2, IL-6, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor were estimated. Histopathological investigation was also examined. The ethanolic extract of leaves and stems showed antioxidant properties and anti-inflammatory properties. An improvement of liver and kidney functions was also observed. Extract of leaves showed relatively higher biological activity than that of stems, a fact which may be related to their higher total phenolic content. This extract was subjected to chromatographic and spectroscopic analysis. Phytochemical investigation has afforded emodin (1), chrysophanic acid (2), 1,5-dihydroxy-3-methyl-9,10anthraquinone (3), quercetin-3-rhamnoside (4), quercetin-3-rhamnosyl-(1→6)-galactoside (5), Isorhamnetin-3rhamnoside (6), catechin (7) and daucosterol (8). Compounds 3-7 were isolated for the first time from this species. In conclusion, the plant parts extract represents a promising candidate for the treatment of liver fibrosis and renal injury. The isolated bioactive phytochemicals was suggested to be responsible for the pronounced pharmacological activity.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2016
Objective: The present investigations were undertaken to evaluate the hepatoprotective and antioxidant activity of the ethanolic extract of the whole plant of Combretum albidum G Don against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Methods: Hepatoprotective effect of ethanolic extract of Combretum albidum (EECA) was determined by using carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) intoxication of rats as experimental models. The extent of liver damage and effect of the plant extract was assessed by various biochemical parameters like alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), total billrubin (TB) and total protein (TP) in blood serum and concentration of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), glutathione-s-transferase (GST) in liver were determined. Histopathological changes in the liver of different groups were also studied. Results: The administration of EECA at dose levels of 250 and 500 mg/kg/b.w., orally had decreased the rise of ALT, AST, ALP, TB and TBRAS levels and the effects were comparable to standard drug (Silymarin 25 mg/kg/b. w,) the GSH, SOD, CAT, GPx, GST and TP levels were significantly increased in the animals received EECA. The histopathological studies show decreased necrosis and hepatocellular degeneration when compared to the CCl4 intoxicated liver. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the hepatoprotective and the antioxidant activity of the whole plant of Combretum albidum therefore scientifically supports the use of this plant in traditional medicine for treatment of liver disorders.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2010
Ethnopharmacological relevance: The leaf decoction of Byrsocarpus coccineus (Connaraceae) is drunk for the treatment of jaundice in West African traditional medicine. Aim of the study: To investigate the hepatoprotective and in vivo antioxidant effects of Byrsocarpus coccineus in carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4 )-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Materials and methods: Group allotment in this study included vehicle, CCl 4 , Byrsocarpus coccineus 1000 mg/kg alone, Byrsocarpus coccineus 200, 400, and 1000 mg/kg + CCl 4 and Livolin ® 20 mg/kg + CCl 4 , and treatment was carried out accordingly. On the 7th day, rats were sacrificed and blood was withdrawn by cardiac puncture. The levels and activities of serum biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzymes were then assayed using standard procedures. Results: CCl 4 significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of ALT and AST and reduced total protein. In CCl 4 treated animals, Byrsocarpus coccineus (200, 400, and 1000 mg/kg) dose-dependently and significantly decreased ALT, AST and ALP levels with peak effect produced at the highest dose. Conversely, Byrsocarpus coccineus produced significant increases in albumin and total protein levels. The standard drug produced significant effects in respect of ALT (↓), albumin (↑), and total protein (↑). CCl 4 also produced significant (P < 0.05) reductions in the activity of catalase, SOD, peroxidase and GSH, and conversely increased MDA level. Byrsocarpus coccineus produced significant and dose-dependent reversal of CCl 4 -diminished activity of the antioxidant enzymes and reduced CCl 4 -elevated level of MDA. The standard drug also significantly increased CCl 4 -diminished antioxidant enzymes activity and reduced CCl 4 -elevated MDA level. In general, the effects of the standard drug were comparable and not significantly different from those of Byrsocarpus coccineus. Conclusion: The results obtained in this study suggest that the aqueous leaf extract of Byrsocarpus coccineus possesses hepatoprotective and in vivo antioxidant effects. This finding justifies the use of this preparation in West African traditional medicine for the treatment of liver disease.
Egyptian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences, 2017
abstract 33Thepresent studywasdesigned toestimatethe protectiveorcurative potency ofanextractfrom Cocculus 34hirsutus leaves against CCl4 intoxication via its antioxidant property in rats. Liver enzyme markers (SGOT, 35SGPT, ALP, LDH, and bilirubin) and oxidative stress markers {lipid peroxidation (LPO), enzymatic antiox36idants [superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase] and non-enzymatic antioxidants [re37duced glutathione, vitamin C and E]} were analyzed by spectrophotometry. Histopathological studies on 38hepatic tissue were also performed by the method of Hematoxylin and Eosin staining. Rats administrated 39with 30% CCl 4 in olive oil intraperitoneally resulted in significant increase in the levels of SGOT, SGPT, 40ALP, LDH, and bilirubin compared to control rats. Significant elevation of hepatic LPO and depletion of 41enzymaticandnon-enzymaticantioxidantslevelswereobservedinCCl 4 inducedrats.WhenCCl4 induced 42rats were co-treated with C. hirsutus at doses of 250 and 500 mg/kg bwt, all the altered levels of liver 43 marker enzymes and oxidative stress markers were restored to near control values. Histopathological 44studies provided direct evidence of the hepatoprotective effect of C. hirsutus. In conclusion, extract from 45C. hirsutus could protect the liver from CCl4-induced oxidative damage, by scavenging the free radicals 46generated during the metabolism of CCl4.
Enicostemma axillare is used in Indian traditional medicine as a liver tonic. Its ethyl acetate extract has shown potent in vitro antioxidant activity and found to contain 7.26% of a bitter secoiridoid glycoside, swertiamarin. Hence, in the present study the ethyl acetate extract was screened for hepatoprotective and antioxidant properties against CCl 4 induced hepatic injury in rats. The hepatoprotection was assessed in terms of reduction in histological damage and changes in serum enzymes and metabolites. The pretreatment with the extract at 100 and 200 mg/kg body weight doses given orally for eight days prior to CCl 4 caused significant restoration of altered biochemical changes due to CCl 4 towards the normal in serum, liver and kidney. The extract treatment at 200 mg/kg body weight was found to be more potent than the standard silymarin at 100 mg/kg body weight in reversing most of the biochemical parameters. Histopathological studies complemented the results of biochemical estimations in providing a proof of hepatoprotective and antioxidant actions of the extract. The study provides a support to the ethnomedical use of E. axillare in India.
Journal of Taibah University for Science
In folklore medicine, Ceriops decandra is used to treat hepatitis. However, a scientific evaluation has not been performed. Thus, the present study was carried out to identify the hepatoprotective activity of plant parts (leaf, bark, collar, flower and hypocotyls) of C. decandra. In vitro antioxidant studies were carried out with DPPH, HRSA, NO, FRAP and LPO assays. The LD 50 was calculated and in vivo hepatoprotective activity was carried out with the leaf extract, which was found to be the most potent. The in vivo hepatoprotective activity was performed as follows: Group 1, control animals; Group 2, carbon tetrachloride (CCl 4)-treated animals; Group 3, silymarin (100 mg kg −1 bw p.o.) treated animals; Groups 4, 5 and 6, C. decandra treatment groups (100, 200 and 400 mg kg −1 bw). Histopathological scores were calculated with standard protocols. Of the selected different plant parts, the leaf extract showed maximum antioxidant scavenging properties. A study of the oral acute toxicity found C. decandra extract to be non-toxic up to 2000 mg kg −1 bw. The in vivo hepatoprotective nature of the leaf extract was identified as dose dependent and the levels of SGOT, SGPT, ALP, bilirubin, CHL and LDH were found to be significantly decreased (p < 0.05) compared with hepatotoxin groups. Histopathological scores did not show any significant variations between control and high dose (400 mg kg −1 bw) of leaf extract-treated animals. Preliminary phytochemical analysis of the leaf extract revealed the presence of phenolic groups, alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoids, catechin and anthraquinone. In conclusion, the hepatoprotective nature of the C. decandra leaf extract might be due to the occurrence of unique secondary metabolites and their antioxidant scavenging properties.