Spatial Distribution of Drought in the Northwestern Part of Bangladesh (original) (raw)
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Advances in Meteorology, 2017
Natural disasters are a major concern in Bangladesh, particularly drought which is one of the most common disaster in Bangladesh. Drought needs to be explained spatially to understand its spatiotemporal variations in different areas. In this paper, the meteorological drought has been shown by using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method and illustrated through the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method across Bangladesh. We used rainfall data of 30 meteorological stations in Bangladesh during the study period of 1981–2010. The results indicate that drought has been fluctuating and it has become a recurrent phenomenon during the study period. The SPI depicted the drought conditions that plunged dramatically in 1981, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1992, 1994, and 1996 and then gradually improved in 2004, 2006, and 2009 in the country. The present study demonstrated that drought occurred in Bangladesh on an average of 2.5 years. Drought was more prominent in the northern, south-wes...
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2016
This study focused on assessing and analysing meteorological drought characteristics of Bangladesh based on rainfall, standardized precipitation index (SPI) and geographic information system (GIS). SPI and monthly rainfall time series dataset for the period of 1971-2010 were used to define the drought years and severity. GIS techniques, along with inverse distance weighted interpolation, were used to determine the spatial pattern of drought. Drought occurrences with severity were analysed based on 3-month (SPI-3 January and SPI-3 April) and 6-month (SPI-6 April) time scales. Drought occurrence maps were generated in GIS environment by summarizing the percentage of drought occurrence for each category and for each time scale. For drought hazard mapping, a drought hazard index was computed from 34 observation stations using analytical hierarchy process, weighted sum method and drought occurrence with different severities at different time scales. Afterwards, index values were interpolated and classified into four hazard levels viz. low, moderate, high and very high.
Spatial and temporal characteristics of droughts in the western part of Bangladesh
Spatial and temporal characteristics of droughts in the western part of Bangladesh have been analysed. Standardized precipitation index method is used to compute the severity of droughts from the rainfall data recorded in 12 rainfall gauge stations for the period of 1961-1999. An artificial neural network is used to estimate missing rainfall data. Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to map the spatial extent of droughts of different severities in multiple time scales. Critical analysis of rainfall is also carried to find the minimum monsoon and dry months rainfall require in different parts of the study area to avoid rainfall deficit. The study shows that the north and north-western parts of Bangladesh are most vulnerable to droughts. A significant negative relationship between multiple ENSO index and rainfall is observed in some stations. Analysis of seasonal rainfall distribution, rainfall reliability and long-term rainfall trend is also conducted to aid prediction of future droughts in the area.
Spatio-Temporal Quantification and Characterization of Drought Patterns in Bangladesh
Journal of Water and Environment Technology, 2012
Agricultural activities of Bangladesh, being dependent on seasonal rainfall, are adversely affected by the shortage of seasonal rainfall during dry periods. Intensified drought damages due to climate variabilities have increased the urgency of proper assessment of drought in Bangladesh. Rainfall anomalies and rainfall anomaly index (RAI) were used to characterize meteorological drought scenario in Bangladesh. In addition, drought area index and percent anomaly were used to quantify drought. Analyses on rainfall intensities showed that the maximum decrease in monsoon rainfall occurred in Comilla (0.006 mm/hr). The ranges of rainfall intensity for drought condition were 0.00-0.29 mm/hr in pre-monsoon, 0.00-0.45 mm/hr in monsoon, 0.00-0.17 mm/hr in post-monsoon and 0.00-0.03 mm/hr in winter. Percentage of seasonal rainfall anomaly showed that the percentage of dry year was maximum in Jessore (42%), while it was 38% in Dhaka. Coefficient of Variation (CV), CV anomalies, and drought probability index (DPI) were used to assess rainfall reliability and drought uncertainty. The assessment on meteorological drought along with several adaptation measures found in this study will contribute to the drought management of the country.
Journal of Environmental Science and Natural Resources, 2018
Drought is an extended period when a region notes a deficiency in its water supply. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method was used in this study to analyze drought. Northern region of Bangladesh was the area of study. Monthly rainfall data of northern region of Bangladesh was obtained from the Meteorological Department of Bangladesh. Obtained rainfall data was from 1991 to 2011 and values from 2012 to 2026 were generated using Markov model. Then SPI values from 1991 to 2026 were calculated by using SPI formula for analyzing drought. Analysis with SPI method showed that droughts in northern region of Bangladesh varied from moderately dry to severely dry conditions and it may vary from moderately dry to severely dry conditions normally in future but in some cases extreme drought may also take place. From the study, it is observed that the northern region of Bangladesh has already experienced severe drought in 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2005, 2007, 2009...
2019
This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of meteorological droughts in 21 Bangladesh during 1981–2015 using the Effective Drought Index (EDI). Monthly precipitation data 22 for 36 years (1980-2015) obtained from 27 metrological stations, were used in this study. The EDI 23 performance was evaluated for four sub-regions over the country through comparisons with 24 historical drought records identified at the regional scale. Analysis at a regional level showed that 25 EDI could reasonably detect the drought years/events during the study period. The study also 26 revealed that the overall drought severity had increased during the past 35 y; the most significant 27 increasing trend was observed in the central region. The characteristics (severity and duration) of 28 drought were also analysed in terms of spatiotemporal evolution of the frequency of drought events. 29 It was found that the western and central regions of the country are comparatively more vulnerable 30...
This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of meteorological droughts in Bangladesh during 1981–2015 using the Effective Drought Index (EDI). Monthly precipitation data for 36 years (1980-2015) obtained from 27 metrological stations, were used in this study. The EDI performance was evaluated for four sub-regions over the country through comparisons with historical drought records identified at the regional scale. Analysis at a regional level showed that EDI could reasonably detect the drought years/events during the study period. The study also revealed that the overall drought severity had increased during the past 35 y; the most significant increasing trend was observed in the central region. The characteristics (severity and duration) of drought were also analysed in terms of spatiotemporal evolution of the frequency of drought events. It was found that the western and central regions of the country are comparatively more vulnerable to drought. Moreover, the sou...
2022
The lack of precipitation for an extended period is what meteorologists call a drought, and it results in low soil moisture and crop water stress. Drought has become one of the most important global challenges due to inadequate water supplies. Drought monitoring is frequently conducted using the SPI (standardized precipitation index) and the SPEI (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index). The goal of this work is to use SPI and SPEI to investigate the differences in drought characteristics across different physiognomy types in Bangladesh and to highlight how drought characteristics change over time and spatial scales when considering different geomorphologies. This study used monthly precipitation and temperature data from 29 metrological stations for 39 years (1980–2018) for calculating SPI and SPEI values. To determine the significance of drought characteristic trends over different temporal and spatial scales, the modified Mann–Kendall trend test and multivariable lin...
2011
Spatial analysis of rainfall was carried out in the Barind region of Bangladesh to find out its impact on regional agricultural drought. An index based on the parameters of the Markov Chain Model (DI=0.00 to DI=1.00) has been used for measuring the agricultural drought severity. Well known GIS software (ArcGIS 9.2) was used to map the spatial extent of agricultural drought of different severities in different agricultural seasons. Critical analysis of dry spells and goodness of fit test using chi-square were also carried out to aid prediction of future drought in the study area. Spatial distribution of rainfall shows that during Pre-Kharif (March to May) season more than half of the study area receive rainfall between 201-216mm and during Kharif (June to October) and Rabi season (November to February) the most part of the study area receive rainfall between 1185-1242mm and 34-36mm respectively. The maximum drought intensity was found during the Rabi season (DI=0.00 to DI=0.04) and no drought was found during the Kharif season (DI=0.47 to 0.60) and the drought during Pre-Kharif season (DI= 0.17 to DI=0.25) varied with spatial distribution of the study area. The study also shows that the western part of the study area is more vulnerable to agricultural drought than other parts.
JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2015
Drought is one of the most frequent natural disasters in Bangladesh which severely affect agrobased economy and people's livelihood in almost every year. Characterization of droughts in a systematic way is therefore critical in order to take necessary actions toward drought mitigation and sustainable development. In this study, standardized precipitation index is used to understand the spatial distribution of meteorological droughts during various climatic seasons such as premonsoon, monsoon, and winter seasons as well as cropping seasons such as Pre-Kharif (March-May), Kharif (May-October), and Rabi (December-February). Rainfall data collected from 29 rainfall gauge stations located in different parts of the country were used for a period of 50 years . The study reveals that the spatial characteristics of droughts vary widely according to season. Premonsoon droughts are more frequent in the northwest, monsoon droughts mainly occur in the west and northwest, winter droughts in the west, and the Rabi and Kharif droughts are more frequent in the north and northwest of Bangladesh. It is expected that the findings of the study will support drought monitoring and mitigation activities in Bangladesh.