Analysis of Drought in the Northern Region of Bangladesh Using Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) (original) (raw)
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2022
The lack of precipitation for an extended period is what meteorologists call a drought, and it results in low soil moisture and crop water stress. Drought has become one of the most important global challenges due to inadequate water supplies. Drought monitoring is frequently conducted using the SPI (standardized precipitation index) and the SPEI (standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index). The goal of this work is to use SPI and SPEI to investigate the differences in drought characteristics across different physiognomy types in Bangladesh and to highlight how drought characteristics change over time and spatial scales when considering different geomorphologies. This study used monthly precipitation and temperature data from 29 metrological stations for 39 years (1980–2018) for calculating SPI and SPEI values. To determine the significance of drought characteristic trends over different temporal and spatial scales, the modified Mann–Kendall trend test and multivariable lin...
Advances in Meteorology, 2017
Natural disasters are a major concern in Bangladesh, particularly drought which is one of the most common disaster in Bangladesh. Drought needs to be explained spatially to understand its spatiotemporal variations in different areas. In this paper, the meteorological drought has been shown by using the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) method and illustrated through the Inverse Distance Weighted (IDW) method across Bangladesh. We used rainfall data of 30 meteorological stations in Bangladesh during the study period of 1981–2010. The results indicate that drought has been fluctuating and it has become a recurrent phenomenon during the study period. The SPI depicted the drought conditions that plunged dramatically in 1981, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1989, 1992, 1994, and 1996 and then gradually improved in 2004, 2006, and 2009 in the country. The present study demonstrated that drought occurred in Bangladesh on an average of 2.5 years. Drought was more prominent in the northern, south-wes...
JAWRA Journal of the American Water Resources Association, 2015
Drought is one of the most frequent natural disasters in Bangladesh which severely affect agrobased economy and people's livelihood in almost every year. Characterization of droughts in a systematic way is therefore critical in order to take necessary actions toward drought mitigation and sustainable development. In this study, standardized precipitation index is used to understand the spatial distribution of meteorological droughts during various climatic seasons such as premonsoon, monsoon, and winter seasons as well as cropping seasons such as Pre-Kharif (March-May), Kharif (May-October), and Rabi (December-February). Rainfall data collected from 29 rainfall gauge stations located in different parts of the country were used for a period of 50 years . The study reveals that the spatial characteristics of droughts vary widely according to season. Premonsoon droughts are more frequent in the northwest, monsoon droughts mainly occur in the west and northwest, winter droughts in the west, and the Rabi and Kharif droughts are more frequent in the north and northwest of Bangladesh. It is expected that the findings of the study will support drought monitoring and mitigation activities in Bangladesh.
2019
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This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of agricultural droughts in Bangladesh during 1981-2015 using the Effective Drought Index (EDI). Monthly precipitation data for 36 years (1980-2015) obtained from 27 metrological stations, were used in this study. The EDI performance was evaluated for four sub-regions over the country through comparisons with historical drought records identified by regional analysis. Analysis at a regional level showed that EDI could reasonably detect the drought years/events during the study period. The study also presented that the overall drought severity had increased during the past 35 years. The characteristics (severity and duration) of drought were also analyzed in terms of the spatiotemporal evolution of the frequency of drought events. It was found that the western and central regions of the country are comparatively more vulnerable to drought. Moreover, the southwestern region is more prone to extreme drought, whereas the central region is more prone to severe droughts. Besides, the central region was more prone to extra-long-term droughts, while the coastal areas in the southwestern as well as in the central and northwestern regions were more prone to long-term droughts. The frequency of droughts in all categories significantly increased during the last quinquennial period (2011 to 2015). The seasonal analysis showed that the northwestern areas were prone to extreme droughts during the Kharif (wet) and Rabi (dry) seasons. The central and northern regions were affected by recurring severe droughts in all cropping seasons. Further, the most significant increasing trend of the drought-affected area was observed within the central region, especially during the pre-monsoon (March-May) season. The results of this study can aid policymakers in the development of drought mitigation strategies in the future.
Environmental Earth Sciences, 2016
This study focused on assessing and analysing meteorological drought characteristics of Bangladesh based on rainfall, standardized precipitation index (SPI) and geographic information system (GIS). SPI and monthly rainfall time series dataset for the period of 1971-2010 were used to define the drought years and severity. GIS techniques, along with inverse distance weighted interpolation, were used to determine the spatial pattern of drought. Drought occurrences with severity were analysed based on 3-month (SPI-3 January and SPI-3 April) and 6-month (SPI-6 April) time scales. Drought occurrence maps were generated in GIS environment by summarizing the percentage of drought occurrence for each category and for each time scale. For drought hazard mapping, a drought hazard index was computed from 34 observation stations using analytical hierarchy process, weighted sum method and drought occurrence with different severities at different time scales. Afterwards, index values were interpolated and classified into four hazard levels viz. low, moderate, high and very high.
This study aims to assess the spatiotemporal characteristics of meteorological droughts in Bangladesh during 1981–2015 using the Effective Drought Index (EDI). Monthly precipitation data for 36 years (1980-2015) obtained from 27 metrological stations, were used in this study. The EDI performance was evaluated for four sub-regions over the country through comparisons with historical drought records identified at the regional scale. Analysis at a regional level showed that EDI could reasonably detect the drought years/events during the study period. The study also revealed that the overall drought severity had increased during the past 35 y; the most significant increasing trend was observed in the central region. The characteristics (severity and duration) of drought were also analysed in terms of spatiotemporal evolution of the frequency of drought events. It was found that the western and central regions of the country are comparatively more vulnerable to drought. Moreover, the sou...
Spatial and temporal characteristics of droughts in the western part of Bangladesh
Spatial and temporal characteristics of droughts in the western part of Bangladesh have been analysed. Standardized precipitation index method is used to compute the severity of droughts from the rainfall data recorded in 12 rainfall gauge stations for the period of 1961-1999. An artificial neural network is used to estimate missing rainfall data. Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to map the spatial extent of droughts of different severities in multiple time scales. Critical analysis of rainfall is also carried to find the minimum monsoon and dry months rainfall require in different parts of the study area to avoid rainfall deficit. The study shows that the north and north-western parts of Bangladesh are most vulnerable to droughts. A significant negative relationship between multiple ENSO index and rainfall is observed in some stations. Analysis of seasonal rainfall distribution, rainfall reliability and long-term rainfall trend is also conducted to aid prediction of future droughts in the area.
Spatial Distribution of Drought in the Northwestern Part of Bangladesh
Bangladesh is one of the most disaster-prone countries in the world. High spatial and temporal climatic variability, extreme weather events, poor institutional capacity, inadequate financial resources, and poor infrastructure have made Bangladesh highly vulnerable to disaster. Drought is a recurrent feature of the climate and it is common in Bangladesh. It is related to a deficiency of precipitation over an extended period of time, usually for a season or more. This deficiency results in a water shortage for some activity, group, or environmental sector. Drought affects people's access to food and water. Monsoon rains normally sweep Bangladesh from June to September gets more than 80 percent of its annual rainfall during this period. The amount of rainfall varies considerably from year to year and from region to region. In some areas in the northwestern part of the country, the amount of annual average rainfall may be as low as 130 mm whereas in the north-eastern part, average annual rainfall may be as high as 500 mm. So the northwestern part of the country is vulnerable to drought and is recognized as drought-prone region of the country. This paper deals with spatial and temporal distribution of meteorological drought in the northwestern part of Bangladesh over last 5 decades by Standardized precipitation index method. GIS is used to map the spatial extents of droughts in different time steps. The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) series of different time scales have been calculated and used for drought analysis.
Seasonal droughts in Bangladesh
Drought is one of the most frequent natural disasters in Bangladesh which severely affect agrobased economy and people’s livelihood in almost every year. Characterization of droughts in a systematic way is therefore critical in order to take necessary actions toward drought mitigation and sustainable development. In this study, standardized precipitation index is used to understand the spatial distribution of meteorological droughts during various climatic seasons such as premonsoon, monsoon, and winter seasons as well as cropping seasons such as Pre-Kharif (March-May), Kharif (May-October), and Rabi (December-February). Rainfall data collected from 29 rainfall gauge stations located in different parts of the country were used for a period of 50 years (1961-2010). The study reveals that the spatial characteristics of droughts vary widely according to season. Premonsoon droughts are more frequent in the northwest, monsoon droughts mainly occur in the west and northwest, winter droughts in the west, and the Rabi and Kharif droughts are more frequent in the north and northwest of Bangladesh. It is expected that the findings of the study will support drought monitoring and mitigation activities in Bangladesh.