Risk and Protective Factors for Children Facing the Criminal Justice System (original) (raw)
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Technium Social Sciences Journal, 2021
Adolescents face difficult developmental tasks and multiple challenges and are exposed to very varied risk factors. In case the protection factors are not strong enough, they can generate many difficulties or emotional and behavioral disorders, especially due to the fragility and vulnerability of the adolescent's inner world during this period. This paper presents an analysis of the protection factors underlying the resilience of young offenders admitted in educational centers in Romania. The analysis is part of a broader research conducted in a doctoral thesis. The conclusions show us that the basic pillar of reeducating these young people relies in completing their studies at least at the level of primary school and the orientation towards learning a profession, so that those who blame material deprivation as the cause of delinquency have the possibility to earn a living through work.
Resilience, desistance and delinquent career of adolescent offenders
Journal of Adolescence, 1997
This study examines resilience and desistance from delinquent behaviours and attempts to identify factors which predict persistent or increased or decreased delinquency between adolescence and early childhood. A sample of 363 young people was obtained from the population of five public institutions in 1987 and 1992. Their delinquent trajectories were described on the basis of legal records. These suggested that resilience is a rare phenomenon and is associated with stable relationships, absence of diagnostic label and good adaptation to the institution. Two axes were identified which can be used to describe the population, the family background and the psychological characteristics of the individual. Information which predicted desistance from a delinquent career was identified by means of a stepwise multiple regression. Analyses were conducted separately for each age group to take account of differences in time after the placement. The results indicated that there are important age-related differences in the characteristics which influence desistance or risk. They also show length of stay in an institution to be a predictor. Desistance from further delinquency seems to depend on the time spent in the residential environment associated with an increase of guilt, an improvement of self-image and of attachment to one or more other people.
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2012
The present study aimed to examine some family environmental factors that influence delinquency in adolescents. The semi- structured type of interview schedule was used. The total sample of the present study was 300 in number divided in to two group; The first one is 150 male delinquent adolescents were selected. The second group is 150 non – delinquents. Their age- ranging from 12-17 years. The frequency table, percentage and chi-square (X) were derived and utilized in statistical analysis to assess differences between the two groups of delinquents and non- delinquents on different family environmental variables. The findings indicate that environmental variables like size of the family, economic deprivation, parental deprivation, family discipline, inter parental relationship, child – parent relationship and parental acceptance – rejection play an important and effective role in the developmental growth of personality as well as social behavior of the delinquents. we suggest that ...
JOURNAL O F YOUTH RESEARCH, 2017
The aim of the current study is to determine the reasons (risk factors) associated with involvement in crime for the juvenile delinquent children and youth and to offer policy advice as strengthening protective factors. The participants for this investigation were 593 children and youth juvenile delinquents, and they were recruited from five prison correctional facilities in Ankara, İstanbul, İzmir, Manisa and Balıkesir. The children's and youth's ages ranged from 13 to 18. The mean age of the group is 16.52 (SD:1.35). The Personal Information Form, Life Events Form and Pathways to Resilience Youth Measure were used in this study. This study is based on socio-ecological structures emphasizing cultural and con-textual backgrounds in order to understand risks and possible protective measures. The study found that children and adolescents have risks and possible protective factors relating to individual, interpersonal, domestic relationships, school and peer-group social dependency. The prominent results of the study suggest that the number of the individuals involved in crimes was higher among children and adolescents whose families and peer groups consume high amounts of alcohol and drugs. All these results and outcomes were evaluated in terms of cultural dimensions to contribute to protective policies and practices for children and youth at risk.
Perspective chapter: Resilience as a process in changing the criminal behavior of young offenders
IntechOpen eBooks, 2024
This chapter presents and analyzes the role of the resilience process in the resocialization and reintegration of young offenders sentenced to a custodial measure in the criminal justice system. The intervention programs based on assisted resilience should have professionals as tutors/mentors of resilience. In this chapter, we will present their specific role. In this context, the need for the training of resilience tutors is presented. This aspect involves focusing on the potentialities of this category of offenders, with the aim of strengthening the protective factors at the expense of the risk factors. Resilience tutors are specialists from educational and detention centers who work with young offenders during the custodial sentence: psychologists, social workers, and educators. In our opinion, they can significantly contribute to changing the criminal behavior of young offenders. So, the main aim of this chapter is to show in which way the resilience process and resilience mentors/tutors contribute to the resocialization and reintegration of young offenders involved in the criminal justice system.
Anales De Psicologia, 2020
Título: Estudio de las necesidades en el ajuste personal, social y psicológico en adolescentes en riesgo de delincuencia e infractores. Resumen: La literatura ha encontrado que las necesidades nocriminogénicas también son un factor de riesgo de delincuencia juvenil y, por tanto, han de ser objeto de intervención. Se diseñó un estudio de campo con el objetivo de conocer si el ajuste individual, social y psicológico (necesidades no-criminogénicas) difieren entre menores infractores, menores de protección y normalizados. Para ello se evaluó a 450 adolescentes (150 menores de reforma, 150 de protección y 150 normalizados) en el ajuste individual, social y psicológico. Los resultados mostraron un efecto significativo en el ajuste individual, social y psicológico para el factor población. Sucintamente, los menores de protección y reforma manifestaron un mayor desajuste individual en los niveles personal y familiar que los normalizados, y, adicionalmente, los de reforma a nivel social. Asi...
Psychosocial profile of Juvenile Delinquents
Wutan Huatan Jishuan Jishu, 2021
The indulgence of the adolescent population in criminal acts has been increasing and is a very burning issue today. This study explores the temperamental and character traits along with psychosocial factors that might enhance criminal behavior among adolescents (juvenile delinquents). To examine the personality profile and social factors that may be responsible for the occurrence of criminal/offensive acts among Juvenile Delinquents. The sample included 35 juveniles recruited during their imprisonment in District Observation Home. The Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) by Cloninger (1999) and a self-constructed psychosocial survey were administered. Results found that Novelty Seeking and Self Directedness have a significant negative and positive correlation with crime respectively while Self-Transcendence was non-significant.The psychosocial factors do play role in increasing offensive activities supporting the Nature versus Nurture concept works as competing factors in shaping the behavior outcome.
Crime impairs the overall development of nations by undermining people’s spiritual, social and material well-being. The study was conducted to explore the socio-cultural factors of recidivism in juvenile delinquents. Through purposive sampling, ten juveniles’ offenders were interviewed in Karachi central jail. The in-depth interviews revealed that the locality or neighborhood seriously influences, creates an overall impact on juvenile delinquents to recidivate hand in hand with poor financial situations. Thus, an integrated approach is required to help juveniles address the current situation, with a special focus on education, skill based trainings and better market opportunities.
JUVENILE DELINQUENCY AS A DETERMINANT FACTOR OF VIOLENT CRIMINAL BEHAVIOUR
Today's Children are Tomorrow's Parents, 2013
Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to highlight the causal relationship between the delinquent behavior of juveniles and further development of violent criminal behavior. Methods: application of a number of 290 questionnaires to persons definitively convicted for committing violent crime infractions, institutionalized in the Maximum Security Prison from Craiova. Results: The most important results regarding our hypothesis consist of emphasizing the causal relationships between juvenile delinquency and violent crime for more than 70% of cases. More precisely, most of the people who have committed acts of violent crime in adulthood have a criminal history that began in childhood or adolescence (12-18 years). Likewise, in this regard are important the correlations related to juvenile delinquency, low level of education of the subjects and also the presence in the family of origin of deviant behavior. Conclusions: Our hypothesis was validated by the theoretico-methodological research that was carried out. The results proved that juvenile delinquency may lead to a violent criminal behavior in adulthood. Practical implications: We propose the implementation of strategies for preventing juvenile delinquency in secondary education, with a focus on developing emotional intelligence, based on the model developed by the American psychologist Daniel Goleman. We consider that preventing juvenile delinquency is a key factor in preventing violent criminal behavior developed in adulthood.