Aetiology of viral hepatitis among jaundiced patients presenting to a tertiary hospital in Ghana (original) (raw)
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Hepatitis E as a Cause of Acute Jaundice Syndrome in Northern Uganda, 2010-2012
The American journal of tropical medicine and hygiene, 2014
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a common cause of acute viral hepatitis in developing countries; however, its contribution to acute jaundice syndrome is not well-described. A large outbreak of hepatitis E occurred in northern Uganda from 2007 to 2009. In response to this outbreak, acute jaundice syndrome surveillance was established in 10 district healthcare facilities to determine the proportion of cases attributable to hepatitis E. Of 347 acute jaundice syndrome cases reported, the majority (42%) had hepatitis E followed by hepatitis B (14%), malaria (10%), hepatitis C (5%), and other/unknown (29%). Of hepatitis E cases, 72% occurred in Kaboong district, and 68% of these cases occurred between May and August of 2011. Residence in Kaabong district was independently associated with hepatitis E (adjusted odds ratio = 13; 95% confidence interval = 7-24). The findings from this surveillance show that an outbreak and sporadic transmission of hepatitis E occur in northern Uganda.
Hepatitis research and treatment, 2017
Using prospective blood donors as a proxy, this study was aimed at estimating the burden and five-year (2012-2016) trend of viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV) infection among asymptomatic adult population in Ho. A retrospective analysis was done on secondary data extracted from the hospital archives comprising 4,180 prospective blood donors from January 2012 to December 2016. Demographic variables included age and sex, as well as place of residence. Screening results of serum infectious markers (HBV and HCV) were obtained. The prevalence of asymptomatic viral hepatitis (HBV and HCV) infection in the general adult population was 6.94% and 1.84%, respectively. Females recorded a higher burden of HBV and HCV (8.3% and 5.0%) compared to their male peers (6.8% and 1.4%). A significant age variation in HBV antigenaemia was seen with HBV seropositivity peaking among the younger population (less than 20 years' group) at 11.24% and troughed among the older population (above 50 years' grou...
Hepatitis B infection is highly prevalent among patients presenting with jaundice in Kenya
BMC Infectious Diseases, 2016
Background: Viral hepatitis is a major concern worldwide, with hepatitis A (HAV) and E (HEV) viruses showing sporadic outbreaks while hepatitis B (HBV) and C (HCV) viruses are associated with chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The present study determined the proportion, geographic distribution and molecular characterization of hepatitis viruses among patients seeking medical services at hospitals throughout Kenya. Methods: Patients presenting with jaundice at four selected hospitals were recruited (n = 389). Sera were tested for the presence of antibody to hepatitis viruses A through E, and HBV surface antigen (HBsAg). Nucleic acid from anti-HAV IgM antibody and HBsAg positive samples was extracted, amplified and sequenced. Results: Chronic HBV infection was the leading cause of morbidity among patients with symptoms of liver disease seeking medical help. Incident HCV, HEV and HDV infection were not detected among the patients in this study, while the proportion of acute HAV was low; HAV IgM positivity was observed in 6.3 % of patients and sequencing revealed that all cases belonged to genotype 1B. HCV seropositivity upon initial screening was 3.9 % but none were confirmed positive by a supplementary immunoblot assay. There was no serological evidence of HDV and acute HEV infection (anti-HEV IgM). HBsAg was found in 50.6 % of the patients and 2.3 % were positive for IgM antibody to the core protein, indicating probable acute infection. HBV genotype A was predominant (90.3 %) followed by D (9.7 %) among HBV DNA positive specimens. Full genome analysis showed HBV/D isolates having similarity to both D4 and D6 subgenotypes and D/E recombinant reference sequences. Two recombinant sequences demonstrated > 4 % nucleotide divergence from other previously known D/E recombinants. Conclusions: HBV is highly prevalent among patients seeking care for symptoms consistent with hepatitis, compared to the general population. Molecular characterization of HBV isolates indicated recombinant strains that may give rise to new circulating variants. There is a need to document the prevalence, clinical manifestation and distribution of the variants observed. HAV genotype 1B, prevalent in Africa, was observed; however, the absence of HCV, HDV and acute HEV in this study does not rule out their presence in Kenya.
Hepatitis E Virus Infections among Patients with Acute Febrile Jaundice in Burkina Faso
Viruses
Hepatitis E virus infection is a significant public health problem in many parts of the world including Africa. We tested serum samples from 900 patients in Burkina Faso presenting with febrile icterus. They all tested negative for yellow fever, but those from 23/900 (2.6%) patients contained markers of acute HEV infection (anti-HEV IgM and HEV RNA positive). Genotyping indicated that 14 of the strains were HEV genotype 2b. There was an overall HEV IgG seroprevalence of 18.2% (164/900). In a bivariate analysis, the factors linked to HEV exposure were climate and patient age. Older patients and those living in arid regions were more likely to have HEV infection. HEV genotype 2b circulating only in humans can be involved in some acute febrile icterus cases in Burkina Faso. Better access to safe water, sanitation, and improved personal hygiene should improve control of HEV infection in this country.
Sero-prevalence of Hepatitis B and C at a Primary Healthcare centre in Ghana
AfricArXiv
Background: The advent of emerging infections such as SARS-CoV-2 has brought forth the public health crises of neglected diseases in the LMICs. Viral hepatitis infections remain a public health problem especially in the advent of emerging. Viral hepatitis which preponderantly afflicts citizens of LMICs is one such group of diseases which exerts considerable burden in these countries, especially, hepatitis B and C. There is an effective vaccine against Hepatitis B and curative treatment to hepatitis C, however, access has been hampered resulting in deleterious sequalae. Identifying population afflicted by these infections could lead to prevention of the complications. Materials and methods: Retrospective review of electronic data on individuals screened for hepatitis B and C at the University of Cape Coast Hospital were abstracted. Data abstracted included hepatitis B and C test status, age, sex, previous immunisation history and region of residence. Overall prevalence and prevalence in different categories were calculated. Results: Data for 6,006 were collected and used for the analyses. The overall prevalence for hepatitis B in the study group was 5.06%. The prevalence for hepatitis C was 0.93%. Conclusion: The burden of hepatitis B and C infection in Ghana is still high.
Hospital-Based Surveillance for Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers and Hepatitides in Ghana
PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 2013
Background: Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHF) are acute diseases associated with bleeding, organ failure, and shock. VHF may hardly be distinguished clinically from other diseases in the African hospital, including viral hepatitis. This study was conducted to determine if VHF and viral hepatitis contribute to hospital morbidity in the Central and Northern parts of Ghana.
Microbiology Research, 2021
Only a minority of the patients with acute febrile jaundice evaluated through the Yellow Fever surveillance program were found positive for antibodies against Yellow Fever Virus (YFV). In order to characterize patients with acute febrile jaundice negative for YFV, we collected 255 sera between January to December 2019. We screened for HBV antigens, and antibodies against HCV and HEV. The seroprevalences observed were 10.6% (27/255) for HBV, 2% (5/255) for HCV, 17.3% (44/255) for HEV IgG, 4.3% (11/255) for HEV IgM, and 12.5% (32/255) for both IgG and IgM HEV. Prevalence of HEV was significantly higher in females than males (p < 0.01). HEV IgG prevalence was highest in those 20–29 years old, but the highest incidence rate (IgM positive) was in children 0–9 years old. Exposure to HEV was higher in the Sahelian zone (55.8%, 95% CI: 40.97–70.66) than in the Sudanese zone (30.2%, 95% CI: 24.01–36.37, p = 0.003). The high prevalence rates and hepatitis virus diversity underline the chal...
GSC Advanced Research and Reviews, 2022
Hepatitis is swelling and inflammation of the liver. It is commonly caused by a viral infection. There are, however, other causes of hepatitis. These include autoimmune hepatitis and hepatitis that occurs as a secondary result of medications and chemical agents. This disease is characterized by fever, vomiting, nausea and jaundice. Various forms of hepatitis exist and they include; Hepatitis A, B, C, D, E, F. Owing to the sad experience of wrong diagnosis of this case and wrong treatment which most times lead to death this study work aimed at determining the presence of hepatitis agents and the prevalence of hepatitis among residents of Umuaka Community in Njaba L.G.A of Imo State was carried out between the month of September and November, 2013. Hundred and twenty (120) subjects between the age range of 5-84 years were screened for Hepatitis, using immunochromatographic (IC) strips. Two forms of Hepatitis: HBV and HCV were tested for, in the study area. The overall prevalence of al...
Universal Journal of Pharmaceutical Research
Background: Hepatic jaundice results from abnormal metabolism of bilirubin in the liver. The main hepatic jaundice causes are severe damage to hepatocytes due to autoimmune diseases, infectious diseases, drugs/ medication induced, or, less commonly, hereditary genetic diseases. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B Virus (HBV), hepatitis A virus (HAV), and hepatitis C virus (HCV), in patients with hepatic jaundice as causes of acute viral hepatitis (AVH) in Sana'a city, Yemen. Subjects and Methods: Data of patients with hepatic jaundice tested for hepatitis B surface antigen, total anti-HCV antibody, and anti-HAV immunoglobulin M (IgM) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay were collected from Class I Viral Diagnostic Laboratories in Sana'a for 3 years. Then the statistical analysis of the data was used where the descriptive analysis was calculated: frequency and percentage, as well as the association of infection with sex and age group by me...