Determination of Compounds from Epoxy Resins in Food Simulants by HPLC-Fluorescence (original) (raw)
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Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 1997
Two RP-HPLC with fluorescence detection alternative methods have been proposed to quantify and identify bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), a monomer of epoxy resins used as a coating for food packaging materials, and its hydrolysis products (HPs) in three aqueous food liquid simulants: 15% (v/v) ethanol, 3% (w/v) acetic acid, and distilled water. Both isocratic and gradient chromatographic methods were developed to determine this monomer at the specific migration limit (SML) level (restriction proposed by European Union legislation) and also the two HPs in aqueous EEC food simulants. All calibration lines had correlation coefficients greater than 0.997 and detection limits of less than 2 µg of BADGE/L. Standard deviations (in percent) obtained in the precision calculation were less than 3% for BADGE. Furthermore, both methods were applied to analyze these compounds in three types of epoxy can coatings that contact food.
Molecules
The aim of the present study was to establish a standard methodology for the extraction of epoxy resin precursors from several types of food packages (cans, multi-layered composite material, and cups) with selected simulation media (distilled water, 5% ethanol, 3% dimethyl sulfoxide, 5% acetic acid, artificial saliva) at different extraction times and temperatures (factors). Biological analyses were conducted to determine the acute toxicity levels of the extracts (with Vibrio fischeri bacteria) and their endocrine potential (with Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts). In parallel, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was performed to determine levels of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (mixture of isomers, BFDGE), ring novolac glycidyl ether (3-ring NOGE), and their derivatives. The variation induced by the different experimental factors was statistically evaluated with analysis of variance simultaneous component analysis (ASCA). Our findings d...
Determination of bisphenol a diglycidyl ether content in foods from lacquered cans
African Journal of Food, Agriculture, Nutrition and Development, 2010
Canned foods are increasingly used in food packaging. Packaging serves mainly to preserve, inform and sell foodstuffs. In order to avoid migration issues of chemical compounds from tin cans to foods, covering internal surface of the tin cans with epoxyphenolic and organosol resins is widespread. However, monomers like Bisphenol A Diglycidyl Ether (BADGE), number among the constituents of these resins capable of migrating to foods. This chemical compound (BADGE) is highly toxic not only for the immune, reproductive and hepatic systems but also for biomolecules such as DNA, nucleic acids, proteins, and hormones. Simulation tests of migration can be used to assess the significance of BADGE migration. For this study, the migration and degradation tests were realized with metallic sheets and cans lacquered with epoxyphenolic or organosol resins. BADGE concentrations were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) using a Hewlett Packard HPLC chromatograph 1050 serial equipped with an injection valve of 50 µL, a Hewlett Packard spectrophotometric UV detector serial 1050 and a Hewlett Packard integrator serial 3396. BADGE detections were made at 275 nm and compounds were separated on a LiChrospher 100 RP-18 (Merck, 250 x 4 mm I.D., 5 µm) column protected by a guard LiChrospher 100 RP-18 (Merk, 5 µm) column. The mobile phase was a mixture of methanol, water, and dichloromethane (CH 3 OH-H 2 O-CH 2 Cl 2) according to 50%-20%-30% proportion of solvents and the flow was 1 mL.min-1. The content in BADGE ranged from 3 to 37 µg.L-1. These concentrations were only slightly influenced by the storage conditions (duration and temperature). The highest concentrations were found in distilled water from cans analyzed just after sterilization and the lowest concentrations in distilled water from cans stored at least one day before analyses. BADGE degradation tests in aqueous environment provided an explanation to the lowest concentrations of BADGE in lacquered cans. Finally, the number of sterilization also proved to be critically important for the reduction of BADGE content in cans.
Journal of Chromatographic Science, 2018
Gradient reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection was used for separation, detection and quantification of bisphenol-A-diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and some of its reaction products, namely, BADGE•HCl•H 2 O, BADGE•H 2 O and BADGE•2HCl in pure form and in canned foods, where canned beans and tuna were used as representatives of aqueous and oilin-water food matrices, respectively. The proposed method had a linear range of 0.01-0.5 μg g −1 for BADGE•HCl•H 2 O, BADGE•H 2 O, BADGE•2HCl and 0.02-0.7 μg g −1 for BADGE in aqueous food matrices. In oil-in-water matrices, the method was proven to be sensitive over a linear range of 0.01-0.5 μg g −1 for BADGE•HCl•H 2 O, BADGE•H 2 O and 0.02-0.7 μg g −1 for BADGE•2HCl and BADGE. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.24 to 1.22 ng g −1 and 0.73 to 14.07 ng g −1 , respectively. Excellent intraday and interday precision (n = 9) were obtained with RSD% of 0.84-2.19% and 1.88-2.52%, respectively. Accuracy was measured at five concentration levels and the recoveries ranged from 96.31% to 98.76% with an acceptable variation of ±0.9-2.87. Results suggest that the proposed method could be applied for the routine analysis of the studied compounds in their laboratoryprepared mixtures and in various types of canned foods following the limits and regulations of the European Union.
Journal of Chromatography A, 1999
A new method has been developed to simultaneously analyse bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) in aqueous based food simulants. The method consists on direct immersion solid-phase microextraction (SPME) of the analytes from the liquid matrix and subsequent chromatographic analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Using the proposed method, a whole analysis (including chromatographic step) can be completed in less than 40 min, with minimum sample handling. The SPME method shows good analytical performance for simultaneous BPA and BADGE analysis, except for BADGE determination in the aqueous alcohol (simulant C) solution. Detection limits ranging from 0.1 to 2.0 ng / g for BPA and from 13 to 15 ng / g from BADGE were obtained, with a linear range from the low-ng / g to several-mg / g range for BPA and from 0.1 mg/g to 40 mg / g for BADGE. A possible optimisation method has been also developed and introduced.
Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society, 2019
The migration of bisphenol A (BPA) from epoxy-phenolic can coating into canned meat products, produced for the needs of the Serbian Armed Forces, was investigated in this work. The tinplate cans were made according to the special military demands, filled with the beef goulash or the meatballs in tomato sauce, and preserved by sterilization. The structure of internal can coating was analyzed by FTIR spectroscopy. The migration of BPA into content of the cans was investigated after storage under regular conditions in typical military facilities. The samples of beef goulash (BG) produced in 2010-2016, and the meatballs in tomato sauce (MB) produced in 2014-2017 were tested for the presence of BPA. Thereafter, the impact of storage temperature and degree of can damage on BPA migration was examined. Both meat products were ther-mostated on 20 and 40 °C, and BPA level was measured after 3, 6, 9 and 12 months of storage. The level of BPA was determined in the content of undamaged cans, and cans with lower and higher degree of damage. The BPA was extracted from food with acetonitrile and the extracts were purified by QuEChERS procedure. The level of BPA was determined by LC-MS.
Czech Journal of Food Sciences, 2008
A several-year survey (2000–2006) documents a continuing occurrence of bisphenol A (BPA), bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE), and bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE), including their derivatives, migrating from packaging into food. A wide range of bisphenols levels (from traces up to hundreds µg/kg) in canned foodstuffs available at the Czech retail market was found. An analytical procedure suitable for routine monitoring of bisphenols in various matrices was validated. Crude extracts (obtained by dichloromethane extraction in ultrasonic bath) were purified by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), identification/quantification was carried out by HPLC/FLD method. Optimised procedure allowed to measure trace levels of the target analytes (LODs – 3 µg/kg) with good repeatability (RSDs – 3% at level 100 µg/kg) and recoveries exceeding 75%.
MethodsX, 2021
In the current work, a rapid and simple dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction method (DLLME) was used to determine Bisphenol A (BPA). High performance liquid chromatography with the photodiode-array detector (HPLC-DAD) coupled DLLME method was employed to analyze BPA in food samples packaged including cans, paper boxes, and glass jars. The calibration curve was obtained to be in the linear range 0.009-25 ngg −1 with a correlation coefficient of R2 = 0.9981. The mean relative standard deviations (RSDs) was of 5.2% (n = 3). The limit of detection (LOD) and the limit of quantification (LOQ) of the method were obtained to be 0.001 ngg −1 and 0.08 ng.g −1 , respectively. In sum, this method presents: • A rapid, simple and efficient modified DLLME method was used to measure BPA in packaged foods. • The advantages of this method were low detection limit, fast preparation, and high BPA recovery. • The DLLME-HPLC method consists of low detection limit and high recoveries to determine BPA in samples. • The results indicated that DLLME-HPLC-DAD was an applied method to measure BPA in food samples.