CONSIDERATIONS ON MODULAR MEASURES IN THE LAYOUT OF COURTYARD SETTLEMENT QUARTERS OF PATAN CITY : A study on the planning modules of Kathmandu Valley towns (Part II) (original) (raw)
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A Study on the Pattern of Plot Divisions of Courtyard Residential Blocks of Patan, Kathmandu Valley
Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2004
This study analyses the ground plans and frontage widths of selected residential quadrangles of the historic core of Patan and shows that the dwelling plots were divided according to a standard method that applied to varying sizes of the courtyard settlement blocks. The size of the plots and frontages is determined by the size of the open courtyards, and their layout follows the swastika pattern, an ancient symbol sacred to both Buddhist and Hindu traditions, and which the paper finds as one of the rational ways of division to get the uniform distribution of the plots within a courtyard system of settlement. The study further shows the relationship of this pattern of division and plot planning to the layout of Buddhist monastery architecture, indicating that the form of the monastery could have been the model to inspire the planning idea of the larger residential courtyard settlements of Patan.
Spatial Structure of a Buddhist Monastery Quarter of the City of Patan, Kathmandu Valley
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ)
Jb } ?)f F v Ate ･ i< 5i)-a) {AXIts sc teX ･ 7"ivx7va) Znv ma in'i ± Mohan R`IAIT' and Shwfi Elxtz 7lie>F, Jts waFUNO** diS ff ThccilyofPataninKathmanduVnlleyhasbeenoneoftheTegionnlccnlresoflheBuddhistcultuTefiomeaTlytimesoiitshistoryandBuddhistmonasteriesabound in al] the quaTleTs ef the city. These Buddhist monasteTies, known as bahals, aTe the secio-religious ccntTcs of lhe iesident commynity. This paper pTesenls a marpholegicalanalysisefoneofsvchsettlemcntguaiteisandanalysesonhewthes ¢ "lemcntdcvelopedintempeTnlandspatialdimensionsdcmo]stratinglha"he housing cluslers are organised with babals as the nucleus o"be seltlemenL II also makes an a]alysis on the feimation ef laige bahal commttnity co"rls which representtsignifScantstageinthedevelopmentoflhebahalarchitectureandtheurbanfoTmoflheKathmanduV"11eytowns.
Architectural research, 2011
This study notices that all religions in Central Asia from the fourth century through seventh century C.E. provided considerable hands in keeping a uniform unity through a process of assimilation, although art and architecture were greatly stimulated by the creative genius of the many people. The study thus intends to argue that the common ideas of rituals and primitive forms of religious shrines lead the square-based layout of Buddhist shrines the unity and universality in the architectural products of particular regions or epochs: i.e. the "square-based plan" in Buddhist temples of Central Asia was a significant prototype in the synthesis with pre-Buddhist architectural models and Buddhist universal ideas. Thus, this thesis notes that they did not lose the universal principles of the Buddhist shrine plans due to ritual functions, and even there have been never differences from pre-Buddhist building models remarked by the periods and the venues in which they were produced, although there had been continuous evolutions and adaptive transformations in the local tastes of religious architecture. Accordingly, this study discusses how such plans in Buddhist architecture had been consistently produced within that regional style also representative of the local idioms of architecture, and how they were adopted in the sites, founded on the composition of ritual functions. The foreign architectural cultures were selectively chosen getting along with local building types of each site according to each taste for architecture as a result.
Spatial Structure of the Jyapu Community Quarters of the City of Patan, Kathmandu Valley
Journal of Architecture and Planning (Transactions of AIJ), 2000
7b }-7)f Fvttva ･ i< S')-a))S te 7"EfilttUX : F' gi{} ･ F-lva)igmaeeis'i; Mbhan I?IA[T, and Shwfi FUAIO" {..tz ..o>F, li ff {[S M ThecityofPatanasaltothertewnsofKathmanduvalley,ispredominant]yinhabitedbyNewars.TheJyapucommunityofNevifaTs,whoarefamiersconstitvtingthe major population group ef Kathmandu Valiey towns is considered to have the earliest connection with the Kirata who ru]ed and inbabited Nepal during the prehistoricperiedprioTtothe5thcentury.Thispaperana]ysesthephysica]structureofthesett]emen!quartprsoftheJyapueemmvnityhasedonthefie]dstudyof Dupat tele of Patan and shovvs the distinct features ef the settlement with a neighbovrhood sqvare as the community eentre which is different from the Buddhist monastery quarter anaiysed in our previons paper. 1t atso posits that the form of the Jyapu commvnity settlements might represent the earliest idea ef the urban settlementinthehistoryofKathmanduValley.
Journal of Asian Architecture and Building Engineering, 2005
This paper studies the street and block plans of Mohenjodaro and Sirkap of Pakistan, and Thimi of Kathmandu Valley. Mohenjodaro was a reknowned city of Indus civilization, while Sirkap of Taxila, was an important cultural center in later half of first millennium BC. While both of the cities are archaeological remains, Thimi is still a living town. The three cities, apparently separated by enormous time span and geographic space, exhibit certain features that is striking to draw the attention of archaeologists and urban historians. This study finds that all the three settlements employ exactly the same grid dimension in making the division of urban blocks. The standard modules conform to 'danda' and 'rajju', which are stated in Arthasastra, the work of Kautilya who lived during the later quarter of 4 th century BC. This paper makes a morphological analysis of the revealed plans of Mohenjodaro, Sirkap and Thimi, and demonstrates a relationship in their town plan, the division of quarter blocks and the plot divisions as shown by the built clusters and street boundaries. This is the first direct evidence to link the urban civilization of Indus with the living settlements that continue to exist up to modern times.
TEMPLE LAYOUT ISSUES of HINDU TEMPLES
INAC, 2022
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PROCEEDING INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING, 2020
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This article applies space syntax analysis as an experimental tool to assess the spatial organization and social landscape among the Chiang Saen community in Northern Thailand. This article aims to highlight concepts and interpretations of social spaces that have both ritual and domestic components, providing insights into similarities and differences in the use of space. Space syntax research elsewhere has shed light on issues of social behavior through spatial accessibility. Application of the method to the spatial arrangements in sites in Northern Thailand that span the Buddhist reform period of the fourteenth century CE enhances our understanding of similar issues. The space syntax analysis demonstrates common systems found among six archaeological sites: the first is an asymmetrical and hierarchical pattern, which reflects elements of a strongly conventional temple pattern characteristic of the post-reform period, and the second identified the symmetrical and “openness” qualities of social spaces, a less regimented spatial pattern more aligned with local religious practices. The results demonstrate that the spatial arrangement in most temples is a combination of both spatial and social systems which also indicates negotiation and change between the two, suggesting diverse social activities and religious ideas were practiced and performed at the temples.
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