Sanitation in india: role of women’s education (original) (raw)
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In recent times a worldwide consciousness has been developed about the unavailability of safe drinking water and public toilets which are still the major problems of developing countries like India. Understanding this, Union government recently launched 'Clean India Campaign' and asked the people to participate actively. Unavailability of toilets makes females is more vulnerable to the spread of diseases due to poor hygiene and sanitation. This is also one of the biggest reasons for girl's dropout from schools, especially in rural areas [1]. The problem prevails not only in rural areas but also in urban areas. Present study surveyed 10 women colleges of Jaipur city to find out their hygiene situation especially drinking water and toilet facilities. The sample including lecturers, students, housekeeping supervisors, and helpers from the selected colleges. Quantitative and qualitative data were collected through questionnaire, interview and observation. The results show th...
International journal of sociology and anthropology, 2010
This paper is based on the primary data collected from the teachers and the students studying in the elementary and senior secondary schools situated in rural areas of the state of Uttarakhand in India. The study was conducted in six districts of Uttarakhand. All these schools were randomly sample. Data were collected through interview schedule in an unbiased manner. The sample included 200 elementary and 142 senior secondary schools situated in the rural areas of six Districts of Kumoun Mandal (Commissionary) of Uttarakhand.
Missing basics: a study on sanitation and women’s health in urban slums in Lucknow, India
GeoJournal, 2019
Sanitation is a multidimensional concept alluding primarily to provision of services for safe disposal of human excreta, provision of clean potable water as well as maintenance of hygiene through judicious means of wastewater and solid waste disposal. This paper aims at studying the accessibility to toilet facilities by 350 slum residents belonging to 308 households, majority of whom are women. These were drawn from 14 selected notified slum colonies of Lucknow city during a field survey conducted in 2017. It was found that 68.42% respondent used shared toilet facilities, followed by private facilities at 10.57%. 19.21% depended on community toilets while 1.8% assented to open defecation. The BMI of women slum residents was found to be positively correlated with usage of private toilets (0.38; p \ 0.01) and negatively correlated with open defecation (-0.24; p \ 0.01) both being considered as variables of sanitation conditions. Amongst the socio economic variables, the BMI of women slum residents was found to be positively correlated with median household income (0.64; p \ 0.01) and negatively correlated with labour as a means of occupation (-0.27; p \ 0.01). In addition, a composite index was devised in order to assess the level of sanitation and socio economic development in the surveyed city slums. The slums close to the city core were found to be better developed compared to the ones at the periphery. Keywords Sanitation Á Slums Á BMI Á Women Á Lucknow ''The day every one of us gets a toilet to use, I shall know that our country has reached the pinnacle of progress.''-Jawaharlal Nehru
International Journal For Multidisciplinary Research
Environmental, social, and health problems are frequent in the absence of sufficient sanitation infrastructure and become worse as it stagnates. Poor sanitation has a disproportionately negative impact on vulnerable people, particularly women. There is a health and social divide between men and women as a result of attitudes and ideas about gender and menstruation. When managing menstruation and exercising good hygiene, women face additional challenges. This article examines the social repercussions of the condition of sanitation and tales of women's experiences managing menstrual cycles in both rural and urban areas of India. On a personal level, young women don't understand menstruation. Young women encounter constraints on mobility and other activities during menstruation, as well as stigma surrounding menstruation and a lack of opportunities to discuss it. Young women in low- and middle-income nations typically face psychological, social, and health issues related to men...
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Open defecation is a major blot on India’s overall reputation as an emerging economy as it still remains stubbornly widespread across rural India. The present paper outlines the economic and psychological aspects of toilets construction and their sustainable usage in two districts of the state of Biharviz. Gopalganj& Bhagalpur. Bihar’s performance is not up to the mark with respect to the sanitation figures among other states of India. It was found that households owning a government constructed latrine,still defecate in the open. Study evidences support a preference for open defecation; many survey respondents reported that open defecation was more comfortable and desirable than latrine use. Old people prefer going outside as they are used to this routineand do not mind defecating in the open for the rest of their lives.The study was conducted with an objective to better understand and assess the issues and strategies of behavioural change, policies present in the system and sugges...
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Gender and Sanitation: Women's Experiences in Rural Regions and Urban Slums in India
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Without adequate sanitation facilities, environmental, social, and health risks are common and worsen as the state of sanitation stagnates. Vulnerable groups, specifically women, are unequally affected by poor sanitation. Attitudes towards and perceptions of gender and menstruation have created a health and social discrepancy between women and men. Women must undergo additional obstacles when practicing proper sanitation and managing menstruation. This article utilizes the sanitation insecurity measure to assess the lived experience of women in rural and urban India. This article also discusses accounts of women’s experiences managing menstruation in both the rural regions and urban slums of India and discusses the social implications of the state of sanitation. Examining the issue of sanitation by focusing on menstruation and the dichotomy of men’s and women’s experiences with sanitation and hygiene will indicate that achieving gender equity requires sanitation to be viewed as a human rights, social justice, and education issue.