School Dropout and Associated Factors Among Omani Children with Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Study (original) (raw)
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Sultan Qaboos University Medical Journal, 2015
Objectives: The estimated worldwide prevalence of learning disorders (LDs) is approximately 2-10% among school-aged children. LDs have variable clinical features and are often associated with other disorders. This study aimed to examine the comorbidity of LDs and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among a sample of schoolchildren in Oman. Methods: This study was conducted between January 2014 and January 2015 at the Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman. The Learning Disabilities Diagnostic Inventory (LDDI) and the 28item version of the Conners' Teacher Rating Scale was completed by classroom teachers to determine the existence of LD and ADHD symptoms in 321 children in grades 1-4 who had been referred to a learning support unit for LDs from elementary schools in Muscat. Results: The mean age of the students was 8.5 years. Among the cohort, 30% were reported to have symptoms of ADHD, including conduct problems (24%), hyperactivity (24%) and inattentivepassive behaviours (41%). Male students reportedly exhibited greater conduct problems and hyperactivity than females. However, there were no gender differences noted between LDDI scores. Conclusion: This study suggests that Omani schoolchildren with LDs are likely to exhibit signs of ADHD. The early identification of this disorder is essential considering the chronic nature of ADHD. For interventional purposes, multidisciplinary teams are recommended, including general and special educators, clinical psychologists, school counsellors, developmental or experienced general paediatricians and child psychiatrists.
Oman medical journal, 2018
Objectives The objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and specific parental risk factors that may contribute to the development of ADHD in children. Methods The study was conducted in Oman among fourth-grade students (aged nine to 10 years). A standardized Arabic version of the National Initiative for Children's Health Quality Vanderbilt Assessment Scale (Teachers questionnaire) was used to determine the presence of ADHD. Parental factors such as socioeconomic status, education, and occupation were documented. Results The prevalence rate of ADHD was 8.8%. Poor maternal education status, low familial socioeconomic status, and paternal occupation were significantly associated with an increased risk of ADHD. Conclusions This was the first study that examined familial and parental characteristics of children with ADHD as potential risk factors for the condition. Such psychosocial factors could be employed to furth...
Characteristics of ADHD Among Omani Schoolchildren Using DSM-IV: Descriptive Study
Journal of Attention Disorders, 2011
Background: There is a dearth of studies describing the characteristics of ADHD among schoolchildren attending child psychiatry clinics in the Arab world. Most of the previous quests have focused on community surveys or themes that hampered international comparison. Aim: This study screened for the presence of ADHD as well as investigates the psychosocial and educational history relevant for the diagnosis of ADHD among children. Method: Consecutive schoolchildren attending child psychiatric consultations were screened for the presence of ADHD according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental disorders (DSM) criteria. Result: A total of 221 schoolchildren suffering from ADHD were identified according to the DSM. The year incidence was 0.16. Males constituted the majority presenting with ADHD. The contribution of consanguinity and a history of acquired brain injury were common features. The majority were attending mainstream education as pharmacotherapy is the only option available for managing ADHD. Conclusion: This study is one of the few from this part of the world using DSM criteria to diagnose ADHD. The implications of the present findings are discussed in the context of the available literature and the specific situation in Oman. (J. of Att. Dis. 2010; XX(X) 1-XX)
Saudi medical journal, 2018
To determine the prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), subtypes of ADHD, and psychiatric, academic, and behavioral comorbidity in public primary school students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study. A simple random sample of 6 primary government schools in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, was identified (3 male, 3 female), and a random sample of classes in each of grades 1-6 were selected. Between July and November 2016, teachers in these classes were asked to complete the Vanderbilt ADHD scale on all students in their classes. Results: A total of 929 students were screened. The overall prevalence of ADHD was 5% (5.3% in girls, 4.7% in boys). The most prevalent subtype of ADHD was combined type (2.7%), followed by hyperactive type (1.2%), and inattentive type (1.1%). The highest prevalence of ADHD overall was in grade 3 (7.1%) and the lowest prevalence in grade 6 (3.4%). Among students with ADHD, prevalence of comorbid psychiatric, academ...
Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2021
BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common reasons for visiting psychiatrists and psychologists. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ADHD and its related risk factors among children at elementary schools. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study focused on teachers and parents of 779 elementary students who were selected through stratified cluster random sampling; Conners Parent and Teacher Questionnaires were used to collecting data. The data were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), independent samples t-test, Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results: According to teachers’ responses, the prevalence of ADHD among students in elementary schools was 4.4%, whereas parents reported a prevalence of 0.5%. There was a significant relationship between childhood ADHD and marital status of parents, fathers’ smoking habits, previous ex...
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is behavioral, developmental neurocognitive disorder presented as hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention (9). ADHD is a common mental disorder in children, becomes obvious in preschool and school years (9). 10 % of the US school- age children diagnosed as ADHD (7). It has affected about 5 % to 7 % among school-age children in our Arabian society. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of ADHD on school performance among children in Makkah Region. The targeted population consisted of 300, ages 7-18 years .A multistage sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data collected used Translating the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health to Arabic version then re-translated into English and reviewed by a professor of psychiatry to ensure correct meaning of questions. The questionnaire it divided to 3 part according to the questions, and it filed by the student if he/she able to understand the questions or by the collectors data, the family and by the school administration. Written permission for the study it sought from school authorities and the parents of school boys.
Cureus, 2023
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired levels of inattention, disorganization and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ADHD among primary school children in Jordan and assess the potential risk factors. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-2023 on 1563 school children aged six to 12 years. ADHD was assessed using parent and teacher versions of the Conners Rating scale. Risk factors were evaluated through a sociodemographic questionnaire. A p-value set at <.05 was considered statistically significant. Results ADHD prevalence based on parents' and teachers' perspectives was 27.7% and 22.5%, respectively. Males, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight, low parental education and unemployment, and public schools had increased ADHD rates. Conclusion ADHD presents a major problem among primary school children in Jordan. Early detection, prevention, and management of this disease require parents' and teachers' awareness and risk factor control.
Objective Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired levels of inattention, disorganization and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity. The aim was to estimate the prevalence of ADHD among primary schoolchildren in Jordan and assess potential risk factors. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022-2023 on 1563 schoolchildren, aged 6 to 12 years. ADHD was assessed using parent and teacher versions of Conners Rating scale. Risk factors were evaluated through a sociodemographic questionnaire. P-value set at < .05 considered statistically significant. Results ADHD prevalence based on parents’ and teachers’ perspectives was 27.7% and 22.5%, respectively. Males, smoking during pregnancy, low birth weight, low parental education and unemployment, and public schools had increased ADHD rates. Conclusion ADHD presents a major problem among primary schoolchildren in Jordan. Early detection, prevention, and management of...