Acute Bloat in a Goat and its Surgical management by Rumenotomy (original) (raw)
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Surgical management of acute bloat by emergency rumenotomy: A review of four cases
International journal of Veterinary science and animal husbandry , 2023
A total of four Crossbred Jersey cows aged 5 to 10 years weighing around 200 to 350 Kg were presented to VCC, River with the history of distended abdomen, respiratory distress and reduced appetite. On clinical examination, the animals were dull, depressed, reluctant to move, an extension of head, and frequent urination. On examination of rumen liquor using rumen extraction pump, the fluid was strawcoloured, foul odour, pH of 5 to 6 and nil rumen protozoa and amphistomes in all four cases were noticed. Animals were treated medically with fluid therapy and oral liquid paraffin @ 2 ml/kg body weight for 2 days. Emergency rumenotomy was performed in all the animals which failed to response therapeutically. Postoperatively, fluid therapy was given for 5 days twice daily, intramuscular administration of Inj. Streptopenicillin @ 10 mg/kg body weight and Inj. Chlorphenaramine maleate @ 0.2 mg/kg body weight for 5 days and Inj. Meloxicam @ 0.2 mg/kg body weight for 3 days. Wound dressing was done using 5% povidone-iodine and sutures were removed on 10 th postoperative day and all animal recovered uneventfully.
Medical Management of Rumen Collapse in Cows
Journal of Animal Research, 2019
Rumen collapse or rumen void is a syndrome usually observed in cattle affected with other primary diseases. It is a sequelae to other primary diseases due to total anorexia for several days. Recently purchased and calved animals brought into Large Animal Outpatient Medicine Unit, Madras Veterinary College Teaching Hospital, with the history of prolonged anorexia, mastitis and metritis were screened for rumen collapse. A total of 20 cases were included for the study. Animals were subjected to clinical, physical, rectal, haematological and biochemical examination. Anamnesis included were anorexia in all cases, high rise of temperature 15(75%) and high coloured urine 14(70%). An rumen collapsed in case of recently purchased animals were 12(60%). Clinical signs were anemia 18(90%), enlarged lymph node 17(85%), decreased rumen motility 17(85%), decreased or suspended rumination 16(80%). Rectal examination revealed a small sized rumen (rumen collapsed). Rumen fluid examination revealedvery few live protozoa or complete absence of protozoal motility and increased in MBRT (Methylene blue reduction test) time. The haematological examination revealed reduced level of Hb, PCV and RBC level. Biochemical examination revealed reduced level of total protein and other parameters were remain in the normal range. The suggestive of the primary diseases involved were hypocalcaemia, theileriosis, anaplasmosis, mastitis, septic metritis, indigestion and babesiosis. The animals were firstly treated for primary diseases followed by rumen cud transplantation and oral administration of rumenotorics bolus.
Arid-zone Journal of Basic & Applied Research, 2023
Standing position in large ruminants and lateral recumbence in small ruminants have been the age-long standard restraint approaches when carrying out most surgical procedures, without recourse to the associated induced surgical stress. This study fabricated a mobile small ruminant surgical chute for standing restraint position and compares its associated haematological responses with those induced in lateral recumbence position during rumenotomy in Kano-Brown goats (KBGs). Eighteen Kano-Brown goats of both sexes diagnosed of rumen foreign body impaction were allocated to groups A, B and D. Goats in groups A and B underwent rumen skin clamp fixation (RSCF) and stay suture rumenotomy (SSR) techniques respectively, while on lateral recumbency. Goats in group D underwent rumenotomy while on standing restraint in a fabricated mobile small ruminant surgical chute (MSRSC). The six other KBGs diagnosed to be free of the rumen foreign bodies did not undergo any rumenotomy and thus, served as control (Group C). Haematological parameters were assayed pre-and post-rumenotomy at 0, 5, 24, 48, 72 hours and weeks 1, 2 and 3. The mean total white blood cell counts were 11.17 ± 1.4 X 10 9 /L, 9.63 ± 1.44 X 10 9 /L, and 8.58 ± 0.96 X 10 9 /L) for groups A, B, and D respectively, at 0-hour post-rumenotomy. Mean TWBC was lowest at 48 hours in group D, postrumenotomy even though the difference was not significant (P > 0.05). In conclusion, lateral recumbency restraints for Rumen Skin Clamp Fixation and Stay Suture rumenotomy versus standing restraints for Mobile Small Ruminant Surgical Chute Rumenotomy did not significantly impact on Haematology in Kano Brown Goats. This could mean that the fabrication was a success and an alternative to performing surgeries in standing restraints beside the conventional lateral recumbency restraints in ruminants.
Medical records of 31 adult dairy cows suffering from recurrent rumen tympany for at least 1 month duration that underwent exploratory laparotomy and rumenotomy were reviewed and information was obtained on signalment, history, physical examination findings, laboratory findings and surgical findings. Cases were categorized according to surgical findings into 3 groups. Group 1 (n = 10) included cattle with reticuloruminal, metallic foreign bodies and perireticular adhesions/inflammation, group 2 (n = 14) included cattle with reticuloruminal, non-metallic foreign bodies and no perireticular adhesions/inflammation and group 3 (n = 7) included cattle with no reticuloruminal foreign bodies and no perireticular adhesions/inflammation. Anorexia and decreased milk production were the most common clinical signs in all groups. Reluctant to move and arched back were prominent in group 1. In 45% of cases, frothy bloat was associated with the presence of large amounts of reticuloruminal, non-metallic foreign bodies. Collectively, factors that significantly had negative impact on outcome were: presence of perireticular adhesions, feeding finely-ground grain and plasma fibrinogen levels above 600mg dL −1 . However, the amount of grain fed per day and type of bloat (free-gas or frothy gas) had no significant effect on the outcome. Results of this study suggest that similar to metallic foreign bodies, non-metallic foreign bodies in the reticulorumen of adult dairy cattle are equally important in causing recurrent rumen tympany.
Nigerian Journal of Animal Production, 2020
In the present study, the prevalence, clinical manifestation, pathology and causes of rumen impaction in sheep and goats were determined from 6 years postmortem records, of the Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, for proper management of the condition. The prevalence was calculated as percentage of occurrence of rumen impaction among cases presented for postmortem examination; as overall, annual, age and sex-specific. The overall prevalence was 16.05%; and was higher in sheep (23.53%) than in goats (10.64%). Annual prevalence varied from 7.14 in 2014 to 25.00% in 2017. Higher prevalence was recorded in adult (23.81%) and female (21.43%) than in young (7.69%) and male (10.26%) animals. Clinical findings included distended abdomen, dullness, anorexia, fever; difficulty in breathing, recumbency and anaemia. Grossly the abdomens were distended; there were severe frothy exudates in the trachea and air ways. The...
A simplified polythene drape technique for reducing post-rumenotomy complications in goats
1993
In a study to reduce post-rumenotomy complications with polythene drapes, eight clinically healthy Borno-white goats of mixed sexes, separated into two groups of four each, were used. The polythene drape was surgically attached to the rumen prior to rumenotomy incision, using continuous suture without penetrating the rumen mucosa. It was observed that the polythene drape method reduced abdominal abscesses from peritonitis, but did not affect suture lines sepsis. Also three of the four goats in group B, which had no polythene drape, showed visceral organ and visceral-to-abdominal wall adhesions compared to goats in group A. The importance of this technique is in the reduction of peritoneal contamination due to seepage of rumen contents into the peritoneal cavity, minimising post-rumenotomy complications during the healing process.
Esophageal groove dysfunction: a cause of ruminal bloat in newborn calves
BMC Veterinary Research
Background: Esophageal groove dysfunction is one of the major causes of ruminal bloat. This condition is fatal in new born calves if it is not treated early. In healthy, suckling calves, milk should bypass the forestomach (rumen and reticulum) and enter into the abomasum where enzymatic digestion of milk proteins takes place. However, failure of the esophageal groove allows milk to enter into the forestomach, which results in the production of excess gases by microbial fermentation. Consequently, this increase in abdominal distention particularly on the left side in ruminants is an imminent manifestation of excess gases in the foresomach. Case presentation: A 10-day-old crossbred male calf presented with a distended left abdomen and manifesting dyspnea at a dairy farm. The calf was weak, reluctant to move, and had visibly congested mucus membranes. Regarding the calf's feeding, milk was the only thing ingested and the calf had not started on dry feeds (hay, concentrates, and roughages). According to the herdsman of the farm, the calf had a mild-to-moderate form of bloat and 3-5 h after milk feeding the bloat would disappear spontaneously. During bloat, an increase in pulse rate, respiratory rate (tachypnea), and shallow breathing was noted. Physical examination revealed severe distention of the left side of the abdomen, and on percussion, accumulation of gases mixed with fluid in the left abdomen was detected. An attempt was made to release gases from forestomach by introducing a stomach tube with oral antibiotics; however, the case was not resolved. The calf suffered from frequent recurrence of bloat after every milk feed, and in response to the refractory outcome to conventional treatment, a rumenostomy was indicated and a better treatment response was achieved. In addition, IV fluid and other supportive therapy were provided while milk was withheld. However, considering the fact that milk is a natural feed that should not be taken away from every calf at this age, we had to encourage calf to consume milk as it would not result in bloat as far as rumen fistula is being created. Furthermore, encouraging calves to consume starter feed (fresh grasses and hay) earlier than usual recommended period whilst decreasing milk intake would hasten the rumen function. Conclusions: Cases like this are successfully managed by a rumenostomy when conventional options fail.
Integrative approach to a patient following rumenotomy ˗ case report
2021
Concern with antimicrobial resistance in animal production systems increases the interest toward integrative therapies. The objective of the present report was to report an integrative approach to a goat undergoing rumenotomy. A goat with ruminal acidosis underwent rumenotomy, corrective rumen suture, moxibustion, and treatment of the surgical wound (TFO) with sugar. In the first twenty days, acupuncture was performed on ST36, indirect moxibustion on Sp6 and CV8, and TFO with antibiotic ointment and sugar. The wound contracted 2cm, there was gradual return of ruminal dynamics, and moderate pain. Acupuncture continued from D21 to D50 on Yin tang, BL13, BL20, BL23, and BL22. Although there was drainage of ruminal fluid, the wound contracted 4cm during this period, pain was absent, and ruminal dynamics normal. During the last thirty days, the acupuncture technique surround the dragon was used and BL13 point needled, with complete closure of the wound. The TFO from D21 was performed sol...
Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
Objective: This study ascertained effects of roughage quality, period of day at meal termi nation and time lapse after feeding on digesta load in the rumen. Methods: Veld hay was untreated (poor roughage quality, PRQ), improved (improved roug hage quality, IRQ) by treating with urea or semiimproved by spraying with urea (semi improved roughage quality, SIRQ). Experiment 1a used four rumen fistulated sheep to deter mine in-sacco degradability. Twelve sheep (56.3±4.59 kg) were blocked by weight and ran domly allocated to IRQ (n = 6) and PRQ (n = 6) to determine solid and liquid passage rates. In experiment 1b, nine sheep (37.6±9.34 kg) were blocked by weight and randomly allocated to IRQ (n = 4) and PRQ (n = 5) to determine digestibility. Sixteen sheep (36.47±9.46 kg) were blocked by body weight and randomly allocated to IRQ (n = 8) and PRQ (n = 8). Two sheep were slaughtered for each sampling time in each treatment (IRQ and PRQ) at 0, 6, 12, and 24 h after feeding to determine rumen load. In experiment 2, eighteen goats (25.4±9.08 kg) were blocked by weight and randomly allocated to IRQ (n = 6), SIRQ (n = 6), and PRQ (n = 6). Then all 18 goats were slaughtered soon after meal termination in the morning; afternoon and evening to determine the effect of period of day on rumen fill. Results: Rate of degradation and effective degradability were enhanced by improvement of roughage quality. Roughage quality had no effect on digestibility, but digestibility was higher in goats than sheep. Fractional passage rate of particles was higher for IRQ than PRQ, but similar for liquids. Digesta fractional clearance rates at 24 h after feeding were 0.018/h (IRQ) and 0.006/h (PRQ). Period of day had an influence on rumen load. Neutral detergent fibre load for goats were above 2.03 kg/100 kg body weight for all diet treatments. Conclusion: Following starvation, passage rate had negligible effects on emptying of rumen load.
Fresh rumen fluid was collected from slaughtered house in Ismailia governorate and lyophilized; then administered for Egyptian buffalo calves suffered from simple indigestion. Ten buffalo calves were divided into 2 groups (Five calves for each group); the 1 st group suffered from simple indigestion and were challenged with lyophilized rumen fluid (LRF) for 7 consecutive days, and a 2 nd control group. Ruminal fluid samples were collected at zero time before challenge; and at 1, 2, and 3 weeks post challenge. The study revealed that buffalo calves suffered from simple indigestion showed a highly significant reduction in ruminal pH, protozoal motility, total protozoal; total bacterial ; lactobacillus and ruminococcus counts in addition to ammonia, SCFA's and glucose level in ruminal fluid. Also, the study revealed a significant increase in the total bacterial; total protozoal counts, and count of lactobacillus and ruminococcus. Furthermore, there were a significant increase of ruminal lactate, ammonia and glucose level after treatment of indigestion with LRF compared with its level at zero time before challenge. Environmental temperature and relative humidity recording in order revealed strong positive; strong positive, strong negative; strong negative, strong positive; very strong positive, weak positive; strong negative, weak negative; positive, weak negative; weak positive, very strong positive; weak positive, weak negative; strong negative, and weak negative; weak positive correlations to ruminal pH; protozoal motility; log TPC; log TBC; log Lactobacillus count; log Ruminococcus count; levels of glucose; lactate; ammonia, respectively.