Emerging entrepreneurial universities in university reforms: the moderating role of personalities and the social/economic environment (original) (raw)

Entrepreneurship in higher education: the formation of entrepreneurial universities

2020

The paper analyzes the emergence of entrepreneurial universities as a new phenomenon in higher education of Ukraine. The number of scientific publications formed essential characteristics of the concept with the emphasis on entrepreneurial thinking in the HEIs. The scientists suggest variety of approaches from internal hybrid form to a "third-generation" university. Ukrainian researchers concentrate on the question of how to integrate entrepreneurship in the HEIs. They focus mainly on commercialization of knowledge and scientific results within existing organizational forms without improving social, economic or legal environment. The article aims to consider the evolution of entrepreneurial universities model in Ukraine. The authors applied methods of legal comparative analysis to determine the level of autonomy. Then the authors used financial analysis methods to measure the potential for entrepreneurship. In particular, the paper examines the dynamics of both absolute and relative financial indicators. The analysis of legal environment revealed that the autonomy of public HEIs remains relatively limited despite first promising steps. The paper identified private HEIs as main players in the development of entrepreneurial model in Ukraine. Thus, the findings are based on the financial performance analysis of 77 private universities collected from statistical reports of Ukraine. The research demonstrates sufficient potential of private HEIs to ensure financial autonomy providing the opportunity to form entrepreneurial universities as a new organizational structure of an education institution. Moreover, the introduction of an entrepreneurial behavior model could lead to the growth of their financial results and, consequently, to the sustainable development on a long-term basis.

Theorizing the Entrepreneurial University: Open questions and possible answers

This article attempts to address theoretical questions regarding the transition towards an entrepreneurial university and the changes associated with this process, namely the increased commodification, the competitive quest for private funding and the introduction of business management practices. The important theoretical advances made in the 1960s and 1970s regarding the role of Higher Education in ideological and social reproduction cannot fully account for the new relations between education, capitalist production and the market. Current attempts to theorize these changes as a process of transforming Universities into private enterprises, especially those using a 'cognitive capitalism' framework tend to underestimate the political, ideological and hegemonic aspects of Higher Education. What is needed is a theorization of Higher Education as an hegemonic apparatus and an attempt to view the transition to the entrepreneurial university not as a simple process of privatization, but as a complex and uneven process of internalization and pre-inscription of the realities of capitalist production and a subsumption of education to the imperatives of capitalist accumulation.

Entrepreneurial University – from Ideas to Reality

Optimum. Studia Ekonomiczne, 2015

The aim of this study is to formulate and highlight the thesis on reasonability and capability of applying such attitudes and pursuing such activities in the practical operation of institutions of higher education that reflect the idea of the entrepreneurial university which has become prominent nowadays. The idea is described in brief and its present status is indicated here. The authors are seeking conditions for the practical implementation of this idea. They formulate four attributes of the entrepreneurial university, naming them economic, market, innovative and managerial orientations. They point to specific criteria of identifying each of the orientations. They present the general assessment of entrepreneurship of Polish institutions of higher education. Their conclusions highlight the most topical conditions for implementing the idea of entrepreneurial university, such as: building the economic strength and market position of the university, developing relations with the socioeconomic environment, internationalisation and innovativeness. The authors give support to the idea of the entrepreneurial university but-by examining the Polish reality-they notice the need for actions in the sphere of law, which regulates the university's capabilities to act, and point to the need for entrepreneurship-oriented transformations of lawyers and university management staff's awareness.

The development of an entrepreneurial university

The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2012

An entrepreneurial society refers to places where knowledge-based entrepreneurship has emerged as a driving force for economic growth, employment creation and competitiveness. In this context, entrepreneurial universities play an important role as both knowledge-producer and a disseminating institution. In the literature, several studies contributed with relevant findings. Most of these studies reveal a tendency to use case studies to explain this phenomenon justified by the embryonic nature of the topic field, and with the lack of a robust theoretical framework to understand it. No empirical study, however, has highlighted the interrelations among environmental and internal factors that conditioned the development of entrepreneurial universities with the teaching, research and entrepreneurial missions that they need to achieve. This paper aims to contribute to a better understanding of these interrelations identifying the most critical factors that conditioned these missions and to this end brings a proposal model to measure this phenomenon empirically in the light of the Institutional Economics and the Resource-Based View. The methodology adopted is integrated by the Spanish Entrepreneurial University Scoreboard to identify this phenomenon and Structural Equation Modeling to analyze the relationships among independent and dependent variables that integrate the proposal model of entrepreneurial university. This research could cover invaluable strategies to bring further benefits to society (in terms of the creation of new business and employment) and, in particular, to educational institutions.

A Concept of Entrepreneurial University: Critical Analysis of Literature

International Journal of Business Management and Processes (ISSN 2616-3209), 2021

The search for new sources of finance to replace declining government funding for higher education is a strong imperative for universities in a number of economies to adopt "new managerialism" and "entrepreneurialism". In the 21st century, the "entrepreneurial university" tends to displace the 20th century's socially-oriented "mass university", yet must still co-exist with the traditional "ivory tower" university. "The role of the entrepreneurial university is increasingly being seen as important for finding new ways to compete and succeed in uncertain and unpredictable environments and for finding new solutions to the multiple challenges that need to be addressed for the public good whether local or global". The main objective of this article was to contribute to the understanding of the entrepreneurial university and to determine the factors for successful entrepreneurship universities. The author used entrepreneurship theories to define and conceptualize entrepreneurial university. Design/methodology/approach: The author used a qualitative approach by reviewing literature on the concept of entrepreneurship universities. Findings: This study presents a conceptualization for entrepreneurial universities and proposes six factors for the successful entrepreneurial universities. Conclusions and recommendations: for universities to transform to entrepreneurial universities it requires considerable effort, top managers of the universities should change the style of management, reduce bureaucracy to enhance decision making, monitor the external environment and reduce time wastage. The result of the study is useful to university managers, investors, academicians and policy makers.

A literature review on entrepreneurial universities: An institutional approach

2006

It is now generally accepted that globalization process and internationalization have modified the roles of main agents of social and economic changes. In this case, Universities have been affected by new responsibilities such as regional economic and social development, the reduction of public funds, and the educational market competence. On this, universities are being required to operate more entrepreneurially, commercializing the outcomes of their research and spinning out new, knowledge-based enterprises. In this context, the main purpose of this paper is to revise the literature about the environmental factors that affect the creation and development of the Entrepreneurial Universities. With this aim the study adopts institutional economic theory, and more specifically the works realized by , to focus on the formal and informal factors that facilitate or retard the phenomenon of an entrepreneurial university. The main contribution of this paper could be help design policies that will stimulate the entrepreneurial activity of universities and stimulate, therefore, their contribution to the development of the modern knowledge economy.

An overview of present research related to the entrepreneurial university

The purpose of this paper is to present main ideas, concepts, theories and practices related to entrepreneurial university. Since the concept of the entrepreneurial university is rather fuzzy we performed a literature research in order to clarify its semantic and operational dimensions. The concept is cultural dependent, and understanding it means to consider its social and economic external environment. Also, it is important to consider a multidimensional analysis, and not to reduce the main idea of entrepreneurship to its financial metric.

Dilemma on the Entrepreneurial University Ideal: The Prevailing Academic Tensions / Dilema oko ideala poduzetničkog sveučilišta: prevladavajuće akademske tenzije

Croatian Journal of Education - Hrvatski časopis za odgoj i obrazovanje, 2016

The fact that universities have become complex organisations characterised by multiple missions including teaching, research, and entrepreneurship agenda served as a starting point for this enquiry. This study strives to offer a deeper insight into the views of the academics pertaining to the creation of an entrepreneurial university ideal within the context of a research university. The underlying complexities in achieving this mission were extracted from a series of semi-structured interviews conducted among academicians spanning the diverse disciplines within the university. The findings revealed a vast array of definitions given to the concept of an entrepreneurial university that ranges from the soft spectrum to the hard spectrum of entrepreneurial activities. This study adds value to the existing literature through the identification of dilemmas surrounding the creation of the entrepreneurial university that encompass challenges related to the academic resistance, internal fac...

Special Introduction: The Entrepreneurial University Wave

Technology Financing and Commercialization, 2015

An entrepreneurial wave is spreading across the academic universe. If not a tsunami, it is certainly more than a ripple as evidenced by the increasing attention to the model by policy makers, universities, and researchers since I initially set it in motion 30 years ago (Etzkowitz, 1983). As awareness and interest grow, a university wants to play a more strategic role in encouraging regional innovation, renewal, and growth. This occurs through local actors from academia, industry and government, coming together, at the invitation of a respected person with convening power, to formulate and implement a strategy to promote regional development via a 'High-tech Council' or 'Knowledge Circle' (Jonker, 2013). The assumption that positions will be available in existing organizations for graduates is being replaced by a more realistic attitude, on the part of both students and teachers, that new jobs and fields of activity need to be invented. The paradox of high research productivity and low economic return is of concern, not only to policy makers, but also to graduating students seeking careers who are of a mind to take action. Thus, some students claim that 'The European University Is Broken' and have set up a school in Ljubljana with a branch in San Francisco to train start-ups, in a reprise of the medieval Bolognese tradition of the student-founded university (Frelih, 2013). A recently established PhD training program in the biological sciences at the University of California Irvine includes training in intellectual property and business development, provided by the university's business and law faculties. The emergence of the entrepreneurial university is larger than the issue of economic and social development, although it includes it. It is