Antihyperglycemic effect of the fruit-pulp of Eugenia jambolana in experimental diabetes mellitus (original) (raw)
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Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 2010
The aim of this study was to evaluate the antidiabetic activity of LH II purified from ethanolic seed extract of Eugenia jambolana in alloxan-induced mild diabetic (MD) and severely diabetic (SD) rabbits. Ethanolic extract upon chromatographic purification yielded partially purified hypoglycemic principle (SIII) which on further purification by sephadex LH 20 yielded pharmacological active compound LH II. Homogeneity of LH II was tested by HPLC. Phytochemical investigation of LH II by various structural spectra showed the presence of saturated fatty acid, Δ 5 lipid and presence of sterol. LH II was administered orally at a dose of 10 mg kg −1 body weight to MD and SD. LH II resulted, significant fall in FBG at 90 min (21.2% MD: 28.6% SD), 7th day (35.6% MD) and 15th day (59.6% SD). Glycosylated hemoglobin was significantly decreased (50.5%) in SD after 15 days treatment (Tt). Plasma insulin levels were significantly increased (P < .001). In vitro studies with pancreatic islets showed 3-fold increase in insulin levels as compared to untreated animals. LH II also showed extrapancreatic effect by significantly increasing (P < .001) the activity of key enzymes of glycolysis and significantly decreasing (P < .001) the activity of key enzymes of gluconeogenesis. Liver and muscle glycogen content were increased by 36.6 and 30% for MD, and 52 and 47% for SD, respectively. Thus, the present study demonstrates that LH II possesses potent antidiabetic activity and it is effective in both MD and SD rabbits.
Chemico-Biological Interactions, 2008
Ichnocarpus frutescence (L.) R.Br. is an evergreen plant and many preparations have been used in traditional Indian medicine for centuries to treat several illnesses including diabetes. However, scientific evidence supporting these actions is lacking. In the present study we prepared various extracts of I. frutescence (IF) leaves which were tested against streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. IF leaf methanolic extract (IFLMExt) showed significant plasma glucose lowering effect. Therefore, we prepared IFLMExt, which was tested against different types of glycemia (normal, glucose-fed hyperglycemic and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats) for their potential to induce insulin secretion and cellular insulin responses. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels were determined at different doses and times following treatment with IFLMExt or with vehicle in normal, glucose fed-hyperglycemic and diabetic rats. Oral administration of IFLMExt led to a significant blood glucose-lowering effect in glucose-fed hyperglycemic and diabetic rats. The hypoglycemic effect was observed at doses of 100 and 200 mg/(kg bw) after 6 and 2 h administration, respectively, in glucose-fed hyperglycemic rats. The maximum effect of IFLMExt was detected at 2 h with 200 mg/(kg bw) in diabetic animals and this profile was maintained for the next 6 h (37.23%) but increased after that at 24 h. Oral administration of IFLMExt daily for 45 days to diabetic rats significantly reduced the FPG (54.5%) to near normal. After 7 days of streptozotocin administration plasma insulin decreased in diabetic controls compared to normal controls. Treatment with IFLMExt significantly prevented the decrease in plasma insulin levels from day 0 to 45 in comparison to diabetic controls. Oral administration of n-hexane fraction led to a significant glucose-lowering effect in diabetic rats (54.50%). Histopathological examination showed that IFLMExt extract protected the pancreatic tissue from streptozotocin-induced damage enormously. Oral administration of IFLMExt extract and nhexane fraction to normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats decreased plasma glucose levels without hypoglycemic effect. The results suggest that methanolic extract and n-hexane fraction of IF may provide new therapeutic avenues against diabetes.
International journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014
Objective: Ficus dalhousiae Miq. Has been documented for a wide range of uses in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic effect of FDLEE in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Plant material was collected from Tirupati A. P, during the month of March 2013 the leaves were wiped carefully to make them free from dust and foreign material and dried under shade at room temperature. After seven days, the leaves were powdered and passed through a sieve. The powder was weighed (500 gm) and was extracted by maceration process and the solvent was evaporated in a rotavapor at 40º-50º C under reduced pressure. The total yield of the extract was 16.5%. Phytochemical screening was carried out for the detection of alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides, saponins, sterols and tannins by simple qualitative methods. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single i. p injection of freshly prepared solution of Alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 150mg/kg b. w. The animals were kept under observation for 48hr; Blood glucose was measured by glucometer. The rats with blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dl were selected for the experimental studies. FDLEE (100, 200 & 400mg/kg, b. w) was administered orally once a day for a period of 10 days. Body weight and blood glucose levels were determined on different experimental days. Results: Significant decrease in body weight and increase in blood glucose and lipid profile were observed in diabetic rats. The administration of FDLEE and glibenclamide daily for 10 days reversed body weights and blood glucose significantly. Conclusion: FDLEE exhibited anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects in diabetic rats which supports its use as an adjunct in treatment of diabetes.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014
Objective: Ficus dalhousiae Miq. Has been documented for a wide range of uses in Ayurvedic and Unani medicine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the anti-hyperglycaemic effect of FDLEE in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Methods: Plant material was collected from Tirupati A. P, during the month of March 2013 the leaves were wiped carefully to make them free from dust and foreign material and dried under shade at room temperature. After seven days, the leaves were powdered and passed through a sieve. The powder was weighed (500 gm) and was extracted by maceration process and the solvent was evaporated in a rotavapor at 40º-50º C under reduced pressure. The total yield of the extract was 16.5%. Phytochemical screening was carried out for the detection of alkaloids, flavanoids, glycosides, saponins, sterols and tannins by simple qualitative methods. Diabetes mellitus was induced by single i. p injection of freshly prepared solution of Alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 150mg/kg b. w. The animals were kept under observation for 48hr; Blood glucose was measured by glucometer. The rats with blood glucose levels above 250 mg/dl were selected for the experimental studies. FDLEE (100, 200 & 400mg/kg, b. w) was administered orally once a day for a period of 10 days. Body weight and blood glucose levels were determined on different experimental days. Results: Significant decrease in body weight and increase in blood glucose and lipid profile were observed in diabetic rats. The administration of FDLEE and glibenclamide daily for 10 days reversed body weights and blood glucose significantly. Conclusion: FDLEE exhibited anti-hyperglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidaemic effects in diabetic rats which supports its use as an adjunct in treatment of diabetes.
Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 2005
The world is facing an explosive increase in the incidence of diabetes mellitus and cost-effective complementary therapies are needed. The effects of Eugenia jambolana, a household remedy for diabetes, were studied. Streptozotocin diabetic female albino Wistar rats weighing 150-200 g (N = 6) were fed E. jambolana seed powder (250, 500 or 1000 mg/kg) for 15 days. Diabetic rats fed 500 and 1000 mg/kg seed powder showed an increase in body weight on day 20 in relation to day 5 (6 ± 4.7, 9 ± 7.8 vs diabetic control-16 ± 7.1 g, P < 0.001), a decrease in fasting blood glucose (75 ± 11.9, 123 ± 14.4 vs diabetic control-34 ± 12.1 mg/dl, P < 0.001), a difference in post-treatment fasting and peak blood glucose (38 ± 11.9, 36 ± 14.2 vs diabetic control 78 ± 11.9 mg/dl, P < 0.001), and a difference in liver glycogen (50 ± 6.8, 52 ± 7.5 vs normal control 90 ± 6.6 µg/g of liver tissue, P < 0.001). Tri-terpenoids, tannins, gallic acid, and oxalic acid were the chemical constituents detected in E. jambolana seed. The best results were obtained with an oral dose of 500 mg/kg. Subacute toxicity studies with a single administration of 2.5 and 5.0 g/kg seed powder showed no mortality or abnormality. These data on the antidiabetic effect of E. jambolana seed are adequate for approval of phase 2 clinical trials to evaluate this seed powder as complementary therapy in type 2 and type 1 diabetes.
Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 2003
The hypoglycaemic and hypolipidemic effect of ethanolic extract obtained from seeds of E. jambolana was investigated in alloxaninduced diabetic rabbits. Hypoglycaemic activity was assessed by reduction in fasting blood glucose (FBG) at 90 min and also fall in peak blood glucose during glucose tolerance test (GTT) in sub-diabetic and mild diabetic (MD) rabbits, but in severe diabetic (SD) rabbits by reduction in FBG at 90 min. Ethanolic extract (100 mg/kg body weight) when given orally to sub-diabetic (AR) for 1 day, MD for 7 days and SD for 15 days showed significant fall in FBG at 90 min (12% AR, 18.9% MD and 29% SD) and also produced 16.9% fall in peak blood glucose in AR and 21% in MD rabbits during GTT. When administered daily for 15 days to MD and SD rabbits, significant fall in FBG (41.3% MD, 31.6% SD) and glycosylated haemoglobin (GHb) levels (23.3% MD, 26.6% SD) were observed, while serum insulin level showed significant increase (32.8% MD, 26.9% SD). Liver and muscle glycogen content also increased. The ethanolic extract of seeds also exhibited significant hypolipidemic effect as evident from fall in total serum cholesterol (TC)/high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) ratio, serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) levels and decreased activity of HMG-CoA reductase. The histopathological studies of liver, pancreas and aorta in alcoholic extract treated diabetic groups revealed almost normal appearance.
Medical Journal of Babylon, 2009
The hypoglycemic effect of orally administered aqueous extract of Ficus carica (F.C.) leaves against alloxan-induced diabetes in rabbits was studied. Animals were treated daily with 0.3 gm/kg F.C. aqueous leaves extract alone, or 10 IU/Kg body weight (B.wt) insulin alone, or a combination of 0.3 gm/kg B.wt F.C aqueous leaves extract and 10 IU/Kg B.wt insulin, each started one week after alloxan injection and continued for 6 weeks period for reversing the change in glucose level in diabetic rabbits. In addition, diabetic rabbits were randomly selected and received a combination of different doses of insulin with Ficus carica leaves aqueous extract to evaluate the extent of Ficus carica leaves aqueous extract in reducing insulin dose compared with diabetic rabbit treated with insulin alone (10 I.U. /Kg). Blood samples were collected weekly from the caudal ear vein of rabbits for the assessment of blood glucose level. Analysis of data obtained from the first experiment showed that, 0.3 gm/kg B.wt. of aqueous extract of F.C. leaves given alone or in combination with insulin caused an improvement of blood glucose level in diabetic rabbits compared to diabetic non-treated group. The results from the second experiment showed that, there were no significant differences between 8 U/kg insulin and 0.3gm/kg Ficus carica leaves aqueous extract group compared to 10 U/kg insulin, thus there were a reduction in insulin dose to almost 20% produced by Ficus carica leaves aqueous extract. In conclusion, Ficus carica leaves aqueous extract has the ability for decreasing glucose level and may have additional effect to insulin, and could be used as a supplement with insulin in order to improve its effect and/or reduced its doses and hence reduces its suspected side effects.
International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014
Objective: The study aimed to investigate the antidiabetic effect of ethyl acetate fraction of seed of Eugenia jambolana (E. jambolana) at genomic level in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic male albino rat. Methods: Diabetic rats were treated with said fraction at the dose of 200 mg/Kg of body weight/day for 35 days. Potential antidiabetic mechanisms were investigated with blood glucose (short duration and long duration model), serum insulin, haemoglobin A1C (HbA1 Results: Results showed a significant antihyperglycemic action of the said fraction in both short and long duration treatment schedule. Serum insulin and HbA C), ISEL (In-Situ End Labelling) study of pancreatic tissue and quantitative RT-PCR study of hepatic hexokinase-I (Hex-I), Bax and Bcl-2 gene expression. 1 Conclusion: The findings provide information about the antihyperglycemic activity of this fraction through gene regulation. C levels were also recovered in treated group in compare to the untreated diabetic group (p<0.05). ISEL study focused the regeneration of pancreatic beta cells in treated group. It was also observed that the correction in expression in Bax, Bcl-2 and Hex-I gene in hepatic tissue after the treatment of the fraction in the diabetic rat. The antidiabetic activity of the fraction was compared with glibenclamide, a standard antidiabetic drug.
Hypoglycaemic and Antihperglycaemic Actiities of Aqueous Extract of Ficus Carica in Diabetic Rats
MINAR International Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology
The Ficus carica ( fig ) is an important harvest worldwide for its dry and fresh consumption. Its common edible part is the fruit which is fleshy, hollow, and receptacle . The dried fruits of Ficus carica have been reported as an important source of vitamins, minerals, carbohydrates, sugars, organic acids, and phenolic compounds A short study was undertaken as a preliminary investigation to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of the aqueous leave extract by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) , normoglycemic and antihyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin (STZ)-nicotinamide in a dose of 120 mg kg induced non insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus Wister albino rats. Graded doses (250 and 500 mg/kg) of the aqueous leave extract suspended in gum acacia were administered to normal and experimental diabetic Wister albino rats. Effect on glucose tolerance test showed a significant reduction in the blood glucose level of extract treated animals after 1 hr, indicating its hypoglycemic activity. ...