Emergency communications and early warning system development: Lessons learned from Aceh and Nias, indonesia (original) (raw)
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Emergency Communications for Disaster Management
• Getting hazard warning messages to disaster management officials • Last-mile hazard information dissemination • Disaster Resource Network • GSM alarm device for disaster early warning • Open Care: Making order out of chaos In this issue:
Progress in the early warning system in Aceh province, Indonesia since the 2004 earthquake-tsunami
Environmental Hazards, 2019
Aceh province is vulnerable to multiple hazards. Despite improvements in disaster preparedness efforts including the early warning system (EWS) following the catastrophic 2004 earthquaketsunami, ineffective disaster responses still occur here. An EWS is essential to provide early disaster information to people in order to respond appropriately. An integrated EWS consists of risk knowledge; monitoring; dissemination and communication; and response capability elements. This study investigates how Aceh's disaster management and preparedness have evolved since 2004 focusing on its EWS and in particular how the contemporary integrated EWS approach has been incorporated into its development and operation. In-depth interviews, along with review of relevant policy and procedures were conducted to understand current practices and existing governance and structure of EWS design and operation. Findings suggest that a multi-hazard EWS is not well developed and a linear EWS model is prominent. Dissemination and response elements dominate the EWS design and operation with a lack of ongoing risk assessment that incorporates vulnerability concepts and some important governance issues that impact on response and capability. Key recommendations are made for review of policy and practice for Aceh governments at provincial and district levels and other relevant stakeholders to improve the current EWS.
Facilitating disaster preparedness through local radio broadcasting
Disasters, 2011
The 2008 Disaster Mitigation Preparedness (DMP) study took place in Aceh province, Indonesia. It sought to help develop radio programmes and messages to increase resilience to disasters. The role of radio was evaluated during and after the 2004 Asian tsunami disaster. The study team interviewed 984 tsunami survivors from nine sub-districts of Banda Aceh, and local nongovernmental organisations convened eight focus groups around the area of Aceh Besar. Six key informant interviews were held with government disaster management agencies. The DMP survey is the first of its kind to interview a representative random sample of Banda Aceh residents. It reveals the importance of community and social networks, during disaster situations, when essential communications are down. A disaster warning information system based on a multi-media approach needs to be developed. The wider community should be involved in the planning, education and training of Banda Aceh and Aceh Besar residents to facilitate appropriate personal and community survival strategies.
MATEC Web of Conferences, 2018
The updated information about the disaster situation is one of the crucial aspects for people who live in hazardous areas. The community radio is one of the communication media which is required by the community to receive the fast and accurate information its updated condition of the disasters. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of community radio for supporting disaster preparedness activities. This study was conducted based on the qualitative descriptive approach where the respondents are the community, the managers of community radio and the Non-Government Organization of Combine Resources Institution. The data for the qualitative analysis was obtained by interviews, fills the questionnaires, and observation of the above respondents. The result of this study shows the high effectiveness of the community radio for supporting the disaster preparedness, i.e. 63.6 %. Its effectiveness is influenced by the utilization, management and economy impact of the communit...
FEBC Philippines' First Response Radio (FRR) provides a crucial service as it fills a communication gap during the critical acute emergency period after a disaster. When FRR fulfills its mandate to provide the communication of critical information during the acute emergency phase, those who have been affected by a disaster are given information they need to survive — thereby preventing additional suffering. But constraints placed on FRR by the humanitarian code of conduct and its present mandate as a “first responder” during the acute emergency phase leave a wide gap in communication once the disaster relief moves into the non-acute emergency and rehabilitation phases. Thus FRR needs to adopt a broader framework to make it more effective and still be faithful to its Christian moorings. Integral mission, which integrates the proclamation and demonstration of the gospel, provides a broader, more appropriate framework for how to define the work of FRR.
Natural Hazards, 2020
Engaging communities in Early Warning Systems (EWSs) is crucial to save lives, reduce injuries, and protect the environment due to disaster events. Yet, community input is not always commonly sought in many disaster policy development and implementation processes. Following the major disaster event of 2004 that had large consequences for multiple countries, the concept of people-centred EWSs was promulgated to encourage Community Engagement (CE) in EWSs. Aceh, Indonesia was one of the regions most devastated by the 2004 event, and despite the progress that has been achieved in disaster risk management and prevention and preparedness including the EWS design and operation following this event, improving CE in the system remains an important challenge. This study investigates the opportunities and challenges for enhancing CE in the EWS in Aceh by exploring current social systems, governance arrangements, donor funded projects and community perspectives using in-depth interviews, document reviews, and focus group discussions. The findings identify that there is inadequate CE across all four elements of a people-centred EWS. To enhance such CE in the EWS, numerous opportunities were identified: improved recognition of community figures, promoting adat and sharia practices in enhancing community involvement; and utility of meunasahs and mosques as important physical places for engaging the community in the system. Despite these opportunities, various barriers were identified to improve CE including insufficient integration of CE in the formal EWS contingency plans or the existing EWS SOP; the erosion of meuseraya practices; inadequate funds to maintain CE programs; insufficient sustained integration of CE into government disaster policy processes; lack of community ownership of CE programs; and a fatalistic worldview of disasters. Various recommendations are provided to enhance CE in the EWS in Aceh. This is a critical requirement towards reducing harm for future hazard events.
Post-Disaster Governance in Southeast Asia, 2021
About the Series Disaster risk reduction is a process that leads to the safety of communities and nations. After the 2005 World Conference on Disaster Reduction, held in Kobe, Japan, the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA) was adopted as a framework for risk reduction. The academic research and higher education in disaster risk reduction has made, and continues to make, a gradual shift from pure basic research to applied, implementation-oriented research. More emphasis is being given to multi-stakeholder collaboration and multidisciplinary research. Emerging university networks in Asia, Europe, Africa, and the Americas have urged process-oriented research in the disaster risk reduction field. With this in mind, this new series will promote the output of action research on disaster risk reduction, which will be useful for a wide range of stakeholders including academicians, professionals, practitioners, and students and researchers in related fields. The series will focus on emerging needs in the risk reduction field, starting from climate change adaptation, urban ecosystem, coastal risk reduction, education for sustainable development, community-based practices, risk communication, and human security, among other areas. Through academic review, this series will encourage young researchers and practitioners to analyze field practices and link them to theory and policies with logic, data, and evidence. In this way, the series will emphasize evidence-based risk reduction methods, approaches, and practices.
Disaster Preparedness, Management and Recovery
The study aims to develop a disaster communications as an early warning system danger of Mount Sinabung in Karo Regency, North Sumatra. The research implemented method is descriptive qualitative research by using focus group discussion (FGD), interviews, trials and application of the model. Communication models applied for disaster mitigation are in the form of an early warning system using Information and Communication Technology with SMS gateways, as well as Group Communication Strategy (Government, community, volunteer) to arrange SOP of Sinabung Disaster Communications Management to be a useful guideline for Karo local government to prevent unpredicted Mount Sinabung disaster. The results of the research are understanding between researchers with Karo local government specifically with BPBD's Karo in (1) the importance of early warning system using SMS Gateway in the case of Mount Sinabung; (2) the requirement of hazard map of Mount Sinabung. (3) the necessity of the SMS Gateway to support Mount Sinabung early warning systems, (4) the establishment of early warning system community based on government and society under the control of BPBD's Karo district, and (5) the draft of SOP for early warning communications of Mount Sinabung. This study recommends the implementation of a disaster communication model via SMS gateway for government and community-based to mitigate disaster of Mount Sinabung.
Emergency Broadcasting Radio in Indonesia: Comparative Studies in Lombok and Palu
Journal of Disaster Research, 2020
In every disaster, problems of information and communication distribution always occur. The communication channel is very dependent on various supporting facilities. Electricity, transmitter towers, broadcasting stations, to human resources. In two big disasters in Indonesia in 2018: the Lombok earthquake; and the earthquake, tsunami and liquefaction in Palu, there were issues of the information and communication channels. Local people do not know the conditions that occur in their area and the situation of their families. While outsiders, the government, and rescue teams did not get detailed information from the affected areas. In countries with high intensity of natural disasters, emergency broadcasting policies have been long practiced. The simplest device for emergency broadcasting is radio. This kind of media can immediately air with simple facilities. Regardless, the initiative of emergency radio has not yet adopted into regulation in Indonesia. Therefore, the emergency radio ...
Disaster Response Management Through Community Radios in India
Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture & Technology, 2020
A disaster is a grave disruption that causes extended loss in the lives of a community or society and requires external assistance. Disaster Response Management can be described as a sequence of events or phases, consisting of different and specific actions and this cycle can be divided into three main group of actions: (1) Prevention, preparedness and early warning (2) Disaster impact and needs assessment and relief and emergency response (3) Rehabilitation, reconstruction and recovery. In this context of Disaster Response Management, media has played a vital role in all three phases of action in order to mitigate the circumstances. Community Radio is seen as the New Media for isolated, rural communities in the wake of the Community radio movement in India. This study highlights the efforts of two Community Radio Stations in disaster coverage and management in the Northeastern and Southern states of Assam & Karnataka respectively in India. Here, the researcher would like to present the case study of Radio Brahmaputra, a Community Radio Station situated in Dibrugarh in Assam and its contribution to tackle the presently ongoing flood situation of July 2019 and Krishi Community Radio Station, Dharwad, Karnataka that is constantly dealing with various man-made disasters in the agricultural sector. Through these case studies, the researcher wants to establish the scope of Community Radio as an effective tool for Disaster Management at the grass root level.