Chromium supplemented carbohydrate diets for Cirrhinus mrigala: effects on body composition, gut enzyme activity and hematological parameters (original) (raw)
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Brazilian Journal of Biology
A feeding trial was carried out to assess the effect of dietary chromium supplementation on apparent nutrient digestibility coefficient (%) of gelatinized and non-gelatinized corn in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings for 90 days. Using various levels of chromium chloride hexahydrate six test diets designated as T1 (G/0.0 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T2 (NG/0.0 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T3 (G/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T4 (NG/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1), T5 (G/0.4 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) and T6 (NG/0.4 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg Kg-1) were prepared. Results showed highest apparent digestibility coefficient (ADC) of nutrients dry matter, crude lipid and gross energy in test diet T5 that was gelatinized and supplemented with chromium 0.4 mg/Kg while, for crude protein higher value of nutrient digestibility was recorded in T3 test diet (G/0.2 Cr2Cl3.6H2O mg/Kg). It was concluded that chromium supplementation with gelatinized corn in fish (Cirrhinus mrigala) diet can improve the nutrients digestibility more efficiently.
Israeli Journal of Aquaculture - Bamidgeh
This study investigated the effect of carbohydrate-based corn diets with chromium chloride hexahydrate supplementation on nutrient digestibility and enzyme activity in major carps (Cirrhinus mrigala, Catla catla, and Labeo rohita) for a period of 90 days. One control (T1) and five experimental diets (T2, T3, T4, T5, T6) were prepared by using gelatinized and non-gelatinized corn with the combination of various levels (0.0, 0.6, and 0.8 mg/kg) of CrCl3H12O6. After acclimatization with a control diet (T1) (32% CP), twenty fingerlings of these species were randomly stocked in eighteen digestibility tanks, each with one replicate. At the end of the trial, results showed that gelatinized corn with chromium supplementation significantly enhanced (P<0.05) digestibility of nutrients and enzyme activities (amylase and protease) in liver and gut in all treated groups. Crude protein (76.05±0.54), crude lipid (84.53±0.46), carbohydrate (69.15±2.19), and gross energy (76.92±0.74) showed the h...
Jurnal Teknologi, 2015
Trivalent chromium (Cr +3) is an essential trace mineral for fish bio-physiological functions. Researches on Cr +3 in the form of organic compound indicated that the mineral affected the bio-activity of insulin, the blood glucose influx, and subsequently the blood glucose metabolic rate. By increasing the blood glucose metabolism, dietary carbohydrate will be more efficiently used as a main energy source, thereby, dietary protein could be efficiently retained as for somatic growth. Researches on various feeding habits of fish (e.g. gouramyherbivorous fish, tilapia-omnivorous fish, and catfish-carnivorous fish) showed that dietary Cr +3 in certain amount increased diet utilization and the fish growth.
The present study was carried out to evaluate the effects of phytase supplemented soybean meal based diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. Presence of phytic acid in plant ingredients reduces the bioavailability of nutrient to fish as a result reduced fish growth. Reference diet and five test diets were prepared at 30% soybean meal based diet contents to examine the effects of phytase supplementation (0, 500, 1000, 1500 and 2000 FTU kg-1) on plant meal-based diet (soybean meal) and nutrient availability for Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. Chromic oxide was added as indigestible marker. Triplicate tanks were used for all treatments. Fingerlings were fed at the rate of 5 % of live wet weight of fish. Water quality parameters such as DO, temperature and pH in every tank were monitored using standard methods. The results from the current work showed that 1000 FTU kg-1 level in soybean meal based test diets increased the nutrient digestibility in C. mrigala as compared to reference diet which resulted in significant (P<0.05) increase in growth performance parameters. It is concluded and suggested that the phytase supplemented soybean meal based diet at 1000 FTU kg-1 level is optimum to release sufficient chelated nutrients for C. mrigala fingerlings.
This research work was conducted in specially designed fecal collecting V-shaped tanks having capacity of 70 liters to determine the synergistic effects of citric acid (CA) and phytase enzyme on the nutrient digestibility of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed on corn gluten (30%) meal based diets. Nine test diets along with reference were prepared with phytase of 0, 500 and 1000 FTU kg)¹־ and CA 0g (0%), 75g (2.5%) and 150g (5%). Fingerlings were fed twice daily up to 5% of their body weights and fecal material was collected regularly for chemical analysis. Results of present work go in favor of diets supplemented with phytase and CA. Current research clearly hypothesized that phytase enzyme along with CA enhanced nutrient digestibility of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed on plant based diet. It was observed that maximum nutrient digestibility percentage dry matter 29%, crude protein 69%, crude fat 73% and gross energy is 70% shown by fingerlings fed on diet having phytase 500 FTU kg¹־ combined with CA 5%. In conclusion Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed on diet having phytase 500 FTU kg¹־ combined with CA 5% release nutrients from phytate complexes in plant based diets thus enhance nutrient digestibility, growth rate and release less nutrients through feces thus reduce chances of aquatic pollution.
A 60-day feeding experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary chromium on growth, feed efficiency and biochemical parameters of Labeo rohita fingerlings. Four isonitogenous (crude protein 35%) and isocaloric (415 k cal 100 g-1) experimental feeds were prepared by supplementing different levels of dietary chromium picolinate viz., control (0.0 mg kg-1), T1 (0.4 mg kg-1), T2 (0.8 mg kg-1) and T3 (1.2 mg kg-1). Weight gain WG (%), specific growth rate (SGR), feed efficiency ratio (FER) and protein efficiency ratio (PER) and apparent net protein utilisation (ANPU %) were significantly improved (p<0.05) when chromium was supplemented at 0.8 mg kg-1 feed. The protein retention (PR %) value increased with the dose of chromium, showing the highest value in T2 group. Chromium supplementation significantly increased (p<0.05) liver glycogen in T1 and T2 groups but decrease was observed at high level of chromium supplementation in T3 group. Chromium supplementation significantly reduced (p<0.05) serum cholesterol and triglycerides in all the experimental groups compared to control showing the highest reduction in T2 group. The serum high density lipoproteins-cholesterol (HDL-C) was increased (p<0.05)in all experimental groups due to chromium supplementation and the highest blood HDL-C was observed in T2 group. However, no difference (p<0.05) in the serum low density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL-C) and phospholipid was observed in any of the experimental groups. Similarly, highest muscle protein as well as lowest liver AST and ALT were observed in T2 group. The results of the present study indicates that growth, feed utilisation and biochemical parameters in Labeo rohita can be significantly improved by feeding the fingerlings with chromium picolinate supplemented diet (0.8 mg kg-1 feed).
Acta Scientiae Veterinariae, 2015
Background : Chromium (Cr) is an essential nutrient for both humans and animals. Cr can be found in different sources, both organic and inorganic. In general, the organic forms of Cr are better absorbed than the inorganic forms. The metabolic effects of Cr are affected by the ingested formulation of this element. Several studies have shown that diet supplementation with Cr improves the growth rate, feeding efficiency and carcass composition of land animals, but the nutritional value of Cr to fish is scarcely known. The aim of the present study was to compare two forms of chromium (chelate and yeast) supplemented in the diets of Nile tilapia ( Oreochromis niloticus ) at different concentrations and their effect on productive performance, blood parameters and the liver concentrations of cholesterol and triglycerides. Materials, Methods & Results : Nine groups with 36 Nile tilapia fish were formed: a control group, four groups supplemented with chromium (Cr) chelate (8.0 ppm, 1...
2013
Suitability of chicken intestine as an alternate protein source was evaluated for the diet of Cirrhinus mirigala fingerlings. Percentage protein, fat, ash, fiber, moisture and available energy (Kcal/100g) for the experimental diets were analyzed. Five experimental diets were formulated with chicken intestine meal 0% (FM100 Control), 25% (FM75), 50% (FM50), 75% (FM25) and 100% (FM0) substituting 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100% of the fish meal (FM) respectively. FM 100 served as control diet. Experimental diets were iso -nitrogenous, iso-lipidic and iso-energic with 40% protein, 7.7-8.7% lipid and 425- 446kcal energy per 100g diet. Sixtey days feeding trial experiment was performed in static indoor conditions. FM 75 had almost similar growth as compared to control (FM100) in Cirrhinus mirigala fingerlings diets. Significantly higher growth was recorded in FM50 as compared to FM100 (control) and FM75. Present study showed overall significantly higher growth in FM25 (P<0.01) and FM0 (P<0...
BIOACCUMULATION OF CHROMIUM IN CIRRHINUS MRIGALA
Chromium in the effluent is a major concern for the tanning industry and it is directed in to fresh water bodies which in turn taken part in biological magnification through food chain. The present study is undertaken to gauge the accumulation of chromium in the tissues of Cirrhinus mrigala, when the live fish is subjected to sub lethal dose of chromium for a period of 10, 20 and 30 days in controlled environment. The tissues from gill, liver and kidney where subjected to Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy for assessing the amount of chromium accumulated in various tissues at the end of 10, 20 and 30 days. Maximum accumulation of chromium was found in the liver and kidney while minimum accumulation was seen in gill. Cirrhinus mrigala, is used as bioindicators because it tends to accumulate heavy metals and so their effects. As the fish is extensively used for human consumption, this finding urges greater regulation for industrial effluent discharge.
Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences, 2020
The study was carried out to estimate the effects of phytase, and citric acid (CA) supplemented guar meal based diet on growth performance, nutrients and mineral digestibility in Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. The experiment consisted on nine test diets. Diets were formulated by spraying graded levels of phytase (0, 500 and 1000 FTU kg-1) and 0% (0g), 2.5% (75g) and 5% (150g) citric acid supplementation to guar meal-based diet. Chromic oxide was added as an indigestible marker. Fingerlings were fed at the rate of 5% of live wet weight. The maximum growth performance, minerals, and nutrients fingerlings observed digestibility value fed diet supplemented with 1000 FTU kg-1 level of phytase and 2.5% CA. These values were significantly different from fish fed control and other test diets. It was concluded that the phytase and CA supplementation to guar meal based diet at 2.5% CA and 1000 FTU kg-1 level is optimum to release sufficient amount of chelated minerals and nutrients for C. mri...