Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Disorders in 6-12 Year Old Girls and Boys (original) (raw)
Related papers
Deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder and Comorbid Disorders in 6-12 Year Old Girls and Boys
2014
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common neuro-psychiatric disorders in childhood and adolescence. The Diagnostics and Statistical Handbook for Mental Disorders (DSM-V) defines three ADHD clinical phenotypes: attention difficulties, hyperactivity/impulsivity and the combined subtype (1). The frequency of ADHD at school age varies between 5% and 12% (2-7). Boys are 1Centre of Mental Health, Široki Brijeg Health Care Centre and 3Široki Brijeg Health Care Centre, Široki Brijeg, Bosnia and Herzegovina, 2Department of Psychology, University of Mostar Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Neurología, 2017
Introduction: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neuropsychiatric disorder originating from multiple factors. The aim of this study is to determine the percentage of patients with ADHD out of all patients referred to our clinic for assessment, and to explore the epidemiological and clinical factors linked to this diagnosis. Patients and methods: Retrospective analytical study of a sample of patients under 15 years old sent to the paediatric neurology clinic for suspected ADHD. DSM-IV criteria were used for diagnosis. We completed a binary logistic regression analysis to determine which risk factors were associated with the diagnosis. Results: Of the 280 selected patients, 224 were male (male/female ratio 4:1); mean age (SD) was 8.4 (3.08) years. Almost half (49%) of the patients were referred by their schools and 64.9% were born in the second half of the year, but this tendency was more marked in girls than in boys. Assessment according to DSM-IV criteria resulted in diagnosis of 139 subjects (49.7%). The risk factors linked to diagnosis were male sex, parents with ADHD, associated sleep disorders, tics, and absence of neurodevelopmental delay. Conclusion: Only half of the children referred for suspected ADHD were diagnosed with that condition, and most were among the youngest in their classes, which suggests that suspected ADHD is overestimated. An exhaustive clinical interview investigating the family's psychological disorders and the patient's sleep disorders and tics is needed to improve the diagnostic process.
An Analysis of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in children
The main purpose of this study of development the Attention-deficit / Hyperactivity Disorder in childhood, adolescent and adulthood. ADHD is a disorder of childhood that tends to develop before the age of 12. ADHD, often referred to as hyperactivity, is characterized by difficulties that interfere with, effective task-oriented behavior in children particularly impulsivity, excessive or exaggerated motor activity, such as aimless or haphazard running or fidgeting, and difficulties in sustaining attention (Nigg et al 2005; see DSM-5 criteria for ADHD). Longitudinal research involves studying and collecting baseline information on specific group of interest (patients with a given disorder, high-risk children, etc) and then following up with them at a future date (e.g. 1,5 or even 20 years later) to determine the changes that have occurred over the Intervening period. Uses of some medications and drugs to reduce ADHD. Some authorities prefer using psychological interventions in conjunctions with medications (Mariano & Levin 2007). The use of behavioural treatment methods for ADHD has reportedly been quite successful, at least for short-term gains. The use of psychological treatment of ADHD has also shown positive results (Pelham &Fabiano,2008; Cor coran 2011). ADHD consist of a pattern of behavior that is present in multiple setting where it gives rise to social, educational or work performance difficulties.
https://www.ijhsr.org/IJHSR\_Vol.8\_Issue.11\_Nov2018/IJHSR\_Abstract.021.html, 2018
Background: It is a general assumption that children do not suffer from psychiatric disorders. However, it has been observed that childhood psychiatric disorders are more common than expected in the general population. Many children suffer from attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), which is defined as a persistent pattern of inattention or impulsivity that is formed during growth. It is manifested in two or more contexts (e.g., at home, school or work) and negatively affects the individuals social, academic or occupational functioning. Early identification and intervention of these problems are very important to address issues at early age. The present study was aimed to assess the prevalence of ADHD among school children (7 to 11 years). Objectives: To assess the prevalence of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder among school children studying in primary schools, Tirupati. To compute the level of attention (inattention) and behavior (hyperactivity) of children with ADHD. To find an association between level of attention and behavior with selected demographic variables. Methodology of the study: Cross sectional survey approach, of which a time-dimensional research design, which is a type of descriptive study design was used. It was planned to conduct the study in primary schools of selected urban areas in Tirupati. The population were school going children (7 to 11 years), studying in primary schools of selected urban areas, Tirupati. The samples were identified as having features of ADHD based on patent and teacher"s data by applying SNAP-IV TEACHER and PARENT RATING SCALE. Results: Findings of the study shown that among 403 school going children (7 to 11 years), 24 (5.9%) identified as having features of ADHD either of inattention, hyperactivity or ADHD-combined type; among 24 (5.9%) identified children, 22 (5.45%) identified as ADHD-combined type; one child (0.24%) identified as ADHD-inattention type and one child (0.24%) identified as ADHD-hyperactive type. Conclusion: Results of the study confirm the existence of ADHD among the school children (7 to 11 years) in the study population, which clearly states that ADHD-combined type is more predominant than other sub types of ADHD. The boys, girls" ratio found to be 2:1. Analysis also revealed that there was a significant association between prevalence of ADHD and its subtypes with selected demographic variables such as type of residence, type of school, history of eventful pregnancy and religion at 0.05 level of significance.
Associated factors with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a case-control study
Archives of Iranian medicine
The current study attempted to investigate factors associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children without co-morbidities. In this case-control study, 164 ADHD children who attended the Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Iran were compared with 166 normal children selected in a random-cluster method from primary and secondary schools. Clinical interviews based on DSM-IV-TR using K-SADS were used to diagnose ADHD cases and to select the control group. Participants were matched for age. We used chi-square and binary logistic regression for data analysis. Among the associated factors with ADHD were gender and maternal employment. Boys (OR 0.54; 95% confidence interval: 0.34 - 0.86) and those children with working mothers (OR 0.16: 95% confidence interval: 0.06 - 0.86) suffered more from ADHD. The birth season, family size, birth order, and parental kinship were not among risk factors for ADHD. The results of th...
PubMed, 1987
The present study was undertaken with the aim of 1) Identifying students with ADDH in a primary school children and 2) to study the phenomenology of ADDH. One English medium school of suburb of Bombay agreed to participate in the study. The clats teachers of primary divisions (Std. I to IV) filled the specially designed proforma for each student. Those students scoring 11 or more points were studied in detail. The parents were asked to fill other special proforma including 10 item Parent Teacher rating scale for ADDH. At least one of the parent and the index child were interviewed separately. Prevalence of ADDH in 321 primary school children between the age of 5-10 years was found to be 8.1 %. The ratio of boys to girls was 7.6:1. ADDH was significantly associated with age group 8 to 10 years in boys and in total sample. First born children were significantly more in ADDH group. All the students had average or above average I. Q. still 8.33 percent students had failed in annual examinations. The complicated deliveries were more common. 87.5% of parents had not considered ADDH as abnormal.
NeuroQuantology, 2017
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common psychiatric disorders among children. It is associated with adverse complications for the children, their families, and the society in both short and long runs; therefore, finding solutions to correctly and timely diagnose the disease brings about numerous benefits. In this regard, the present study was carried out in order to examine the mean scores of neurological soft signs as a tool for more accurate and faster diagnosis among children with ADHD and compare them with healthy children. The present study was a descriptive analytical cross-sectional investigation that was carried out in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Clinic, Imam Hussein Hospital. Twenty-five children aging 7-12 with ADHD were examined using attention deficit-hyperactivity checklist of DSM-IV, Conners Test, and 28-item Neurological Evaluation Scale (NES) (to examine neurological soft signs). Afterwards, the results were compared with those of 25 children without the disorder. The children with ADHD were all treated with Ritalin. The total scores in NES in the experimental group and the control group were respectively 11.4±4.14 and 5.6±79.2, and this difference was completely significant (P>0.0001). The experimental group obtained higher scores in glabellar reflex, quick alternative movements, and right-left separation compared to the control group. Given the significant difference between the children with ADHD and the healthy ones, these signs can probably be used to early diagnose the disorder and take faster steps toward preventing and treating it.
International Journal of Medical Research & Review, 2020
Objective: To describe the clinical, socio-demographic, and functional profile of children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) referred to a tertiary care center in Kerala, India. Methods: A retrospective descriptive study was conducted from records of developmental evaluation clinic over a period of one year. All-consecutive cases the first time diagnosed as ADHD were enrolled. Autism Spectrum Disorder, genetic disorders, and children with sensory impairments were excluded. Results: ADHD prevalence in a clinically referred sample was 12.7%. Boy to girl ratio was 6:1. The mean age of presentation was 8.2 years (SD 6.09). The most common presenting symptom was hyperactivity and behavioral problems followed by poor scholastic performance and poor memory. The functional status assessment showed major concerns in all six domains-Inattention, Hyperactivity, Learning Problem, Executive Functioning, Aggression, and Peer relation, in the majority of children. Conclusion: Course of childhood ADHD shows a consistent clinical and functional pattern. Early diagnosis and quantification of difficulties at the outset is suggested, which can help in providing early intervention and is likely to improve long-term outcome in these children.
Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 2021
BACKGROUND: Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common reasons for visiting psychiatrists and psychologists. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of ADHD and its related risk factors among children at elementary schools. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study focused on teachers and parents of 779 elementary students who were selected through stratified cluster random sampling; Conners Parent and Teacher Questionnaires were used to collecting data. The data were analyzed by the use of descriptive statistics (frequency and percentage), independent samples t-test, Chi-square, one-way ANOVA, and linear regression. The significant level was set at 0.05. Results: According to teachers’ responses, the prevalence of ADHD among students in elementary schools was 4.4%, whereas parents reported a prevalence of 0.5%. There was a significant relationship between childhood ADHD and marital status of parents, fathers’ smoking habits, previous ex...
Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 1999
The purposes of this study were (a) to estimate the prevalence of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD) symptoms in the general preschool and school population; and (b) to analyze the influence of gender, age, and socioeconomic status (SES) variables on AD/HD symptoms. Out of the 80,000 preschool and schoolchildren living in Manizales, Colombia, a random sample of 540 children was selected. Two gender, three age (4- to 5-year olds, 6- to 11 -year olds, and 12- to 17-year olds), and three SES (low, middle, and high) groups were used. The 18 DSM-IV symptoms corresponding to AD/HD Criterion A were assessed on a scale of 0 (never) to 3 (almost always). All three demographic variables established statistically significant differences: AD/HD symptoms were more frequent in 6-to 11-year-old, low-SES, male participants. DSM-IV Criterion A for AD/HD was fulfilled by 19.8% of the boys and 12.3% of the girls. However, this difference was marginally significant only in the AD/HD Subtype I: Combined. It was concluded that demographic variables are significant correlates of the AD/HD diagnosis. The prevalence found in this study was higher than usually reported, even though only the symptomatic DSM-IV AD/HD criterion was analyzed. We failed to confirm the assumed AD/HD gender ratio.